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THE
GARDENS BULLETIN
SINGAPORE |

Vol. XVIII, Part I 31st December, 1960

ADI

~ CONTENTS

PAGE

Corner, E. J. H.: Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and
Australasia, Sections 5 & 6 : ; . ; 1

To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore
Price: $5.

Published by Authority

PrInreD BY Lee Kim HENG, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER, SINGAPORE.
1960

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THE

GARDENS BULLETIN

SINGAPORE

UVP. BYV VBA AAA AMA AAA 2AM

Vol. XVIII, Part I Issued 31st December, 1960

Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia
and Australasia

V. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. RHIZOCLADUS, KALOSYCE,
SINOSYCIDIUM, ADENOSPERMA, AND NEOMORPHE

By E. J. H. CORNER

Botany School, University of Cambridge

Summary
sect. Rhizocladus Endl.

New series and subseries:—ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner, sub-
ser. Plagiostigmaticae, subser. Pogonotropheae (Miq.) Corner;
ser. Ramentaceae Corner, subser. Pantonianae Corner, subser.
Balanotae Corner, subser. Irritantes Corner, subser. Ramentaceae,
subser. Excavatae Corner, subser. Araneosae Corner: ser. Disti-
choideae Corner:; ser. Distichae Corner; ser. Trichocarpeae
Corner.

Earlier specific names and resulting combinations: ——F. sarmen-
tosa B. Ham. ex J. E. Sm. (F. foveolata Wall.), var. duclouxii
(Lévl. et Vant.) Corner, v. henryi (King) Corner, v. impressa
(Champ.) Corner, v. lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner, v. luducca
(Roxb.) Corner et f. sessilis Corner, v. nipponica (Fr. et Sav.)
Corner, v. thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner; F. sagittata Vahl (F.
ramentacea Roxb.) v. adhaerens (Miq.) Corner, v. minor Corner,
v. oligosperma (Miq.) Corner; F. hederacea Roxb. (F. seandens
Roxb.) ; F. trichocarpa Bl. v. borneensis (Miq.) Corner, v. obscura
(Hassk.) Corner, v. piperifolia (Miq.) Corner.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

New species:—F. amblisyce Corner, F. devestiens Corner, F.
ceanothifolia Corner, F. oxymitroides Corner, F. sphaerocarpa
Corner, F. spiralis Corner, F. uncinulata Corner, F. pendens Cor-
ner et var. appressa Corner, F. supperforata Corner, F. callicar-
pides Corner, F. detonsa Corner, F. phaeobullata Corner, F.
semilanata Corner, F. cinnamomea Corner, F. hypophaeola
Corner.

New varieties: —F. pubigera Wall. v. anserina Corner, v. mali-
formis (King) Corner; F. pumila Linn. v. awkeotsang (Makino)
Corner; F. laevis Bl. v. macrocarpa (Miq.) Corner; F. pantoniana
King v. colobocarpa Diels ex Corner, v. rhytidophloea Corner; F.
odoardi King v. glabrata Corner; F. baeuerleni King v. vulcani-
formis Corner; F. villosa Bl. v. appressa Corner, v. subglobosa
Corner, v. tonsa Corner; F. recurva Bl. v. bridelioides Corner, v.
elegantior Corner, v. lasiocarpa Corner, v. pedicellata Corner; F.
lanata Bl. v. foveolata Corner; F. distichoidea Diels v. megacarpa
Corner; F. phatnophylla Diels v. glochidioides Corner, v. meio-
carpa (Diels) Corner; F. agapetoides Diels v. solomonensis Cor-
ner; F. nasuta Summerh. v. glabrata Corner.

sect. Kalosyce (Miq.) Corner.

New series and subseries:—ser. Apiocarpeae Corner, ser. Punc-
tatae Corner, subser. Punctatae, subser. Ruginerviae Corner.

Earlier specific epithet and resulting combinations:—F. auran-
tiacea Griff. (F. callicarpa Miq.), v. angustifolia Corner, v. parvi-
folia Corner.

New species: —F. ruginervia Corner.

New varieties: —F. apiocarpa Miq. v. villosa Corner; F. scrat-
chleyana King v. aurantiola Corner, v. rhopalosycia (Diels)
Corner.

sect. Sinosycidium Corner; F. tsiangii Merr. ex Corner.

sect. Adenosperma Corner.

Earlier specific epithets:—F. mollior F.v.M. ex Benth. (F.
gazellae Engl.), F. casearioides King (F. hylobia Diels), F. ery-
throsperma Migq. (F. pycnoneura Laut. et K. Schum.).

New species: —F. saccata Corner, F. verticillaris Corner et var.
robusta Corner, F. austrina Corner, F. tenella Corner, F. funi-
culosa Corner.

New varieties: —F. mollior F.v.M. v. pseudocovellia Corner, v.
sessilis Corner et f. riparia Corner; F. adenosperma Miq. v. ade-
nosperma f. angustifolia Corner, v. chaetophora (Warb.) Corner,
v. glabra Corner, v. microlepis Corner; F. casearioides King v.
gamosepala Corner; F. trichocerasa Diels vy. glabristipula Corner.

2

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

sect. Neomorphe King. 7
New series and subseries:—ser. Auriculatae Corner, ser. Varie-
gatae Corner, subser. Variegatae et subser. Laciniatae Cornet.
_ New species:—F. robusta Corner, F. semivestita Corner.
New varieties: F. variegata Bl. v. garciae (Elmer) Corner, v.
ilangoides (Elmer) Corner, var. sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner.

SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. RHIZOCLADUS ENDL.

Gen. Pl. Suppl. IV, 2 (1847) 34. Typus:—F. pumila Linn.—
This section has never been employed but it is a good one for most
climbing figs usually assigned to sect. Ficus (Eusyce). The habit of
climbing with adventitious roots from the nodes, while retaining
attachment with the soil and not becoming epiphytic, occurs also in
sect. Kalosyce (Synoecia). Both sections agree in the oblong com-
pressed seed, often narrowly winged, and this shape is diagnos-
tically different from the lenticular, reniform, or tuberculate seed
of sect. Ficus. In sect. Rhizociadus the male flower has two sta-
mens, in Kalosyce only one. In both there are neuter flowers in the
seed-fig in place of the male in the gall-fig, and sect. Kalosyce is
distinguished by the abundance of stalked neuter flowers through-
out the seed-fig. The two sections might be considered as a fifth
subgenus, developed predominantly in the Malaysian high forest,
but the floral details agree so closely with those of subgen. Ficus
that I prefer to leave them as sections. In sect. Rhizocladus I
distinguish five series and eight subseries.

ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner ser. nov.—Varinga Raf. Sylv. Tel-
lur. (1838) 58.—Tenorea Gasp. Parl. Giorn. Bot. 2 (1844) 214;
Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3 (1845) 343.—Plagiostigma Zucc. Fl. Jap.
Fam. Nat. 2 (1846) 98 (nom. nud.); Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. 3
(1880) 1224.—Ficus sect. Plagiostigma (Zucc.) Mig. Hook. Lond.
J. Bot. 7 (1848) 436.—subgen. Plagiostigma (Zucc.) Mig. Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 294.—-Antherae mucronatae, fila-
menta libera v. leviter connata. Flores masculi et neutri ostiolares.
Receptacula maturitate lutea, brunneo-lutea, v. purpureo-nigra,
haud rubra (? F. laevis), otiolo haud v. vix depresso: bracteis basa-
libus persistentibus: setis internis copiosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis.
Cystolitha hypogena. India, China, Japan to Sumatra, Java, and
Borneo, 4 spp. Typus:—F. pumila Linn.

subser. Plagiostigmaticae.—Folia disticha, supra nervis nervu-
lisque leviter elevatis, subtus areolis foveolatis v. nervulis reti-
culatis bene elevatis: bathyphylla bene evoluta, minora, appressa,

3

Gardens Bulletin, S-

brevipetiolata, saepe asymmetrica. Receptacula axillaria, pedun-
culata sed raro pedicellata. 3 spp. Typus:—F. pumila Linn.

subser. Pogonotropheae (Miq.) Corner subser. nov.—
Pogonotrophe Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 525.—Ficus
subgen. Pogonotrophe Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867)
293.—Folia longipetiolata spiraliter disposita, saepe ovata, costis
basalibus elongatis, supra nervis haud elevatis, subtus areolis planis
nervulisque vix elevatis: bathyphylla vix distincta, haud appressa.
Receptacula solitaria, axillaria v. cauliflora, pedunculata et saepe
pedicellata. Species 1, F. laevis Bl.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner ser. nov.—Ficus sect. Trematosycea
Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 451.—subgen. Trematosycea
Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293 (lectotypus, F.
villosa Bl.).—subgen. Eumetamorphe Sata sect. Eusyce (Miq.)
Benth. et Hook. subsect. Punctulifolieae Sata, Monogr. (1944)
329, 384 (lectotypus, F. villosa Bl.).—Antherae mucronatae,
filamenta connata saepe in pedicello communi. Flores masculi et
neutri ostiolares. Receptacula axillaria v. ad ramulos defoliatos
fasciculata, maturitate rubra: pedunculo brevi v. nullo, quam pedi-
cello saepe bene evoluto breviori, v. receptacula sessilia. India,
South China, usque ad Solomon Isl., 27 spp. Typus:—F. villosa
Bl.

subser. Pantonianae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis
scleroticis in pariete praedita: ostiolo plus minus depresso. Cysto-
litha amphigena. 3 spp. Typus:—F. pantoniana King.

subser. Balanotae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis
scleroticis praedita: ostiolo haud depresso, bracteis apicalibus con-
spicuis. Cystolitha amphigena. 5 spp. Typus:—F. balanota Diels.

subser. Irritantes Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis
scleroticis praedita: ostiolo depresso. Cystolitha amphigena. Pili
rigidi irritantes. 5 spp. New Guinea. Typus:—F. odoardi King.

subser. Ramentaceae.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis nullis
(praeter F. urnigera Miq.): ostiolo depresso. Cystolitha amphi-
gena. 10 spp. Typus:—F. villosa Bl.

subser. Excavatae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis
scleroticis nullis: ostiolo vix depresso. Cystolitha hypogena.
Lamina saepe subtus areolis foveolatis. 4 spp. Typus:—F. exca-
vata Wall. ex King.

subser. Araneosae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis
scleroticis praedita: ostiolo plano. Cystolitha hypergena. Floccoso-
tomentosa pilis flexuosis. Species 1, F. araneosa King.

4

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

ser. Distichoideae Corner ser. nov.—Antherae non mucronatae,
filamenta libera. Flores masculi et neutri ostiolares. Receptacula
maturitate rubra, saepe pedunculata, pedicello nullo: bracteis
basalibus plerumque caducis: ostiola depresso: setis internis nullis:
cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Folia disticha parva, plerumque obtusa,
nervis nervulisque subtus vix elevatis, brunneo-areolata: bathy-
phylla ut acrophylla sed minora. Cystolitha amphigena. Moluccas,
New Guinea, Solomon Isl., 4 spp. Typus:—F. distichoidea Diels.

ser. Distichae Corner ser. nov.—Ficus sect. Kissosycea Miq.
Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 452 (lectotypus, F. scandens
Roxb. ).—sect. Eusyce (Miq.) Benth. et Hook. subsect. Areolati-
folieae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 327, 384 (lectotypus, F. areolata
Elmer).—Antherae non mucronatae, filamenta libera v. leviter
connata. Flores masculi et neutri dispersi. Receptacula saepe pedi-
cellata: bracteis basalibus parvis, saepe caducis: setis internis nul-
lis v. paucis minutis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Plus minus glabrae.
Lamina sicca subtus brunneo-areolata: bathyphylla vix distincta.
Cystolitha hypogena. Ceylon, India, China, usque ad ins. Philip-
pine et Molucca, 5 spp. Typus:—F. disticha BI.

ser. Trichocarpeae Corner ser. nov.—Antherae mucronatae
longae, filamenta libera. Flores masculi et neutri dispersi, plerum-
que sessiles, perianthio toto gamophyllo conico. Flores feminei et
cecidiophori tepalis liberis ovario longioribus: ovario cecidiophoro
plerumque rufo-brunneo. Receptacula pedunculata, raro etiam
pedicellata, maturitate rubra v. purpureo-nigra: ostiolo haud de-
presso v. vix: setis internis saepe copiosis: cellulis scleroticis copi-
Osis v. nullis. Plerumque lamina. ovata, costis lateralibus utrin-
secus 3-5 (—7), intercostis numerosis, costis basalibus ad 44+
laminae elongatis. Cystolitha plerumque hypogena. Indochina,
Thailand, Malaysia, Solomon Isl., New Hebrides, 13 spp. Typus:
—F. trichocarpa Bl. (F. obtusa Hassk.).

ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner subser. Plagiostigmaticae

F. pubigera Wall. ex Mig. var. anserina Corner v. nov.—Ramuli,
petioli, costae, et receptacula pilis fulvidulis 1-3 mm. longis
patentibus villosi. Ramuli 2—4 mm. crassi. Lamina —30 x 8
cm., elliptica, apice acuminata —27 mm. longo, basi subcordata
v. rotundata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—7, intercostis —7,
subtus areolis planis, nervis nervulisque elevatis: costis basalibus
utrinsecus 2, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 12-20 mm.
Receptacula corpore 40-60 x 40-50 mm., ellipsoidea v. sub-
globosa, ostiolo paulum depresso: pedunculo 3—15 mm. longo:
bracteis basalibus 4-6 mm. longis, ovatis, acutis: pedicello 10-20

5

Gardens Bulletin, S.

mm. longo: setis internis —1 mm. longis, copiosis. Flores cecidio-

phori tepalis flexuosis, inferne crassis induratis ochraceis,

superne tenuibus rubris, ovario multo longioribus. Laos (Muang

Aum, Chieng Kwang, Kerr 20955, typus herb. Br. Mus.).

Ut v. maliformis King sed major, tepalis cecidiophoris bicolori-
bus.

var. maliformis (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. foveolata Wall.
var. maliformis King et v. oleaeformis King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard.
Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134, pl. 168.

F. pumila Linn. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner comb. nov.—
F. awkeotsang Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 18 (1904) 151; Sata,
Monogr. (1944) 43, 65, 91.

F. sarmentosa B. Ham. ex J.E. Sm. Rees Cyclop. 14 (1810) n.
45.—F. cabur B. Ham. ex J. E. Sm. id. n. 47.—Pogonotrophe
? foveolata Wall. ex Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 77.—
F. foveolata Wall. ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867)
294.—The types of F. sarmentosa and F. cabur are preserved
in the herbarium of the Linnean Society of London (n. 1610.40,
and 1610.41) and are unquestionably this species.

var. duclouxii (Lévl. et Vant.) Corner comb. nov.—F. duclouxii
Lévl. et Vant. Fedde’s Rep. 4 (1907) 84.—Yunnan:—Ducloux
106 (typus); Henry 9855:; Forrest 11127; Handel-Mazzetti 719;
Schneider 408.

var. henryi (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. foveolata Wall. v.
henryi King ex D. Oliver, Hook. Ic. Pl. 19 (1889) t. 1824.—F.
arisanensis Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 8 (1919) 114, f. 38.-—F.
foveolata Wall. v. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo Fl. Formosa (1936)
45; Sata, Monogr. (1944) 43, 90.—Formosa, China (Szechwan
and Yunnan to Chekiang).

Formosa:—Wilson 9687, 10124. China:—Carles 639; R. C.
Ching 1669, 2674; W. P. Fang 782; Henry 3008, 3552a (type):
Hopkingson 379; Maire 601; Meyer 1518; C. Pei 10083; Pratt
139; Schneider 712: C. Silvestri 364-367, 2941, 3468-3471;
W. T. Tsang 21419; Y. Tsiang 4902; Wilson 143, 2797.

var. impressa (Champ.) Corner comb. nov.—F. impressa
Champ. ex Benth. Hook. Kew J. Bot. 6 (1854) 76.—F. foveolata
Wall. v. impressa (Champ.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2
(1888) 134.

var. lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner comb. nov.—F. botryoides Lévl.
et Vant. Fedde’s Rep. 4 (1907) 83, non Baker.—F. lacrymans
Lévl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou (1915) 431.—F. kwangtungensis Mert.
J. Arn. Arb. 8 (1927) 3.—This is the state with small figs and

6

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

small glabrous leaves drying grey-green on both sides and with
minutely foveolate, but glabrous, areolae. It has been confused
with F. martini which is one of several other synonyms of v.
impressa.

China:—Bodinier 2653 (type, F. botryoides); Cavalerie 1142;
CCC 12832 (type, F. kwangtungensis); H. C. Chow 539, 1333;
W. Y. Chun 5986; Esquirol 727, 3573 (type, F. lacrymans);
Henry 1095, 7843; S. K. Lau 864; T. C. Lee 4583; Maire 327;
J. F. Rock 12006; A. N. Steward, C. Y. Chiao, and H. C. Cheo
542, 943; Y. Tsiang 5719, 8526, 12487; W. T. Tsung 23415,
23583; F. T. Wang 22720; Wilson 154; C. T. Wuang 466. Ton-
kin:—Balansa 4458, Poilane 17221.

var. luducca (Roxb.) Corner comb. nov.—F. luducca Roxb. FI.
Ind. 3 (1832) 534; Griffith Ic. Pl. As. (1854) t. 561 (2), ut
Ficus sp.—tThis is the state with prominent hairy reticulations on
the underside of the lamina, short basal nerves, and medium-sized
figs. The type is a specimen of Roxburgh’s without number in
Herb. Martii (Brussels) labelled by Roxburgh “Lod-oo-ee, Dey-
bree, Dosah, 9th May 96 Ficus lodooee R.”

f. sessilis Corner f. nov.—Receptacula sessilia v. fere, mox
glabra, 7-9 mm. lata, setis internis paucis v. copiosis China
(Szechuan, Hupeh, Kweichow, Yunnan).

K. L. Chu 3739, 3717; H. C. Chow 1048, 1967; Henry 3122,
3302 (typus, herb. Kew), 9171; Faber 448; A. N. Steward, Cc. ¥e
Chiao, et H. C. Cheo 584.

var. nipponica (Fr. et Sav.) Corner comb. nov.—F. oxyphylla
Mig. Zoll. Syst. Verz (1854) 93.—F. nipponica Fr. et Sav. En.
Pl. Jap. 1 (1875) 436.—F. foveolata Wall. v. nipponica (Fr. et
Sav.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134, p. 167E.

var. thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner comb. nov.—F. thunbergii
Maxim. Bull. Ac. Sc. Petersb. 11 (1883) 339.—F. foveolata
Wall. v. thunbergii (Maxim.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1,
2 (1888) 134, pl. 167G.

ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner subser. Pogonotropheae
(Miq.) Corner

F. laevis Bl. var. macrocarpa (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—
Pogonotrophe macrocarpa Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848)
74.—Covellia guttata Wight, Ic. 6 (1853) 8, t. 1966.—-F.
vagans Roxb. v. macrocarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3
(1867) 293.—F. macrocarpa Wight ex King, Ann. R. Bot.

7

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 166, t. 208.—F. guttata (Wight)
King, id. 166, t. 209.—Because of the cauliflorous habit King
referred these plants to sect. Neomorphe, but they are root-
climbers with leaves exactly as in F. laevis, from which they
differ merely in the cauliflorous figs.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Pantonianae Corner

F. pantoniana King var. colobocarpa Diels ex Corner v. nov.—
Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneis ap-
pressis —1 mm. longi vestiti. Receptacula 10 mm. lata, pubes-
centia dein glabra, apice late subtruncato, ostiolo depresso:
pedunculo | mm. longo: bracteis basalibus appresse pilosis,
caducis: pedicello 2—3.5 mm. longo: setis internis numerosis.
Terr. New Guinea (Morobe, Clemens 2124, typus herb. Berlin,
det F. colobocarpa Diels ms.).

var. rhytidophloea Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, et costa
media (subtus) pilis brunneis appressis 1-2 mm. longis vestiti,
glabrescentes. Stipulae glabrae. Lamina 2-6.5 x 1.5-3.5 cm.,
ovato-elliptica, obtusa v. subacuta, basi rotundata, tenuiter
coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—7, intercostis 1—2, subtus
vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, ad 44+ laminae
elongatis: petiolo 6-13 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria et ad
ramulos defoliatos, glabra, haud brunneo-furfuracea, maturitate
rubra: pedunculo 1—1.5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2 mm.
longis, ovatis, acutis, glabris, persistentibus: pedicello 0-3 mm.
longo: corpore receptaculi 14-17 mm. lato (21—24 mm., vivo),
subgloboso, valde rugoso-tuberculato, ostiolo plano _ bracteis
apicalibus parvis nonnullis occluso: setis internis nullis: pariete
3—4 mm. crasso: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Papua, 1,300—2,000
m. alt.

Forsan species nova sed v. colobocarpa plus minus intermedia.

Brass 23339 (Milne Bay District, Mt. Dayman, typus, Grey
herb. Harvard); Carr 13616 (Alola).

F. amblisyce Corner sp. nov.—Scandens, foliis distichis. Ramuli,
stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis pallidis rigidis appressis
1—2 mm. longi sparsim vestiti, glabrescentes. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm.
crassi, brunnei. Stipulae 14 mm. longae. Lamina 5-9 x 2.2—-4
cm., ovata v. elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi leviter cordata v.
rotundata, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—6 (—7),
intercostis —5, subtus valde elevatis, supra haud v. vix impressis,
areolis planis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1-2, ad 4 laminae
elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 7-22 mm. Receptacula

8

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

axillaria binata sessilia v. pedunculo puberulo —0.5 mm. longo:
praedita, 7-9 mm. lata, obtuse subconoidea, glabra, ostiolo
minuto depresso: bracteis basalibus 3, 2—2.5 mm. longis,
sparsim appresse pilosis, ovatis, subacutis, caducis: setis internis
nullis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores ut in F. pantoniana.
Cystolitha amphigena. New Guinea, in silvis c. 900 m. alt. (van
Royen 3775, typus herb. Leiden).

F. sagittatae v. adhaerenti similis sed cellulis scleroticis copiosis.

in pariete ut in F. pantoniana.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Balanotae Corner

F. devestiens Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae,
costae (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis 1—2 (—4) mm.
longis rectis patentibus hispidi v. strigosi: nervuli subtus sparsim
pilosi. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae —15 mm.
longae. Lamina 4-17 & 2-6 cm., ovato-elliptica, ad apicem
subacuminatum attenuata, basi subcordata rotundata v. late
cuneata, membranacea v. subcoriacea fragilisque, laevis, supra
glabra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—9, intercostis —7, supra
leviter impressis et subtus leviter elevatis, areolis planis: costis
basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis
basalibus 2: petiolo 8-17 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata v.
complures fasciculata, sessilia, 6-8 mm. lata (? matura), sub-
globosa v. subconica, dense villosa, ostiolo plano bracteis
apicalibus parvis 3 occluso: bracteis basalibus in membrana
tridentata 4-6 mm. longa connatis, uno latere fissa, caduca,
sparsim pilosa: setis internis sparsis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis
?. Flores ut in F. sagittata. Cystolitha amphigena. Amboina,
Ternate.

Bracteis basalibus connatis, receptaculi ostiolo non depresso dis-
tincta, F. balanotae affinis.

Amboina:—C. B. Robinson 1677 (typus herb. Leiden; det. F.
villosa). Ternate:—Beguin 1302 (det. F. recurva).

F. ceanothifolia Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, sti-
pulae, et costae (subtus) pilis 1-3 mm. longis fulvo-brunneis
rectis patentibus hirsuti: nervuli subtus pilis albidis, saepe
flexuosis, sparsim pubescentes. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi, brun-
nei, glabrescentes. Stipulae —7 mm. longae. Lamina 1-2.7 x
0.7—1.7 cm., elliptica v. ovata, acuta v. subacuta, basi rotundata
v. cuneata, rigide coriacea bullata, apici marginibusque recur-
vatis, supra subscabrida subtus hirsuta: costis lateralibus utrin-
secus 3—4, intercostis —5, supra valde impressis, subtus valde

9

Gardens Bulletin, S.

elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1-2, ad 4-4 laminae
elongatis: petiolo 2-5 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria solitaria
sessilia, 3.5—-5 mm. lata, subglobosa, pilis fulvidulis appressis
sparsim vestita, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 3 planis v.
convexis occluso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5—3 mm. longis, ovatis
acutis, ad mediam pilosis, persistentibus: setis internis nullis:
cellulis scleroticis in rec. fem. copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles
v. breviter stipitati. Semina anguste carinata. Cystolitha amphi-
gena. New Guinea (Wissel Lake region, c. 1,700 m. alt., Eyma
5080, typus herb. Leiden).
Forsan F. sageretinae Diels forma alticola sed hirsutior, lamina
minor, bracteae basales haud caducae, bracteae apicales haud
prominentes, costae laterales paucae.

F. oxymitroides Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, stipulae, et
petioli pilis albis —0.5 mm. longis sparsim puberuli; nodi pilis
paucis 2—3 mm. longis appressis rigidis praediti. Ramuli 1.5—2
mm. crassi, fusco-brunneae, compressi. Stipulae —12 mm. longae,
appresse puberulae, caducae. Lamina 8-14 « 3.5—5 cm., ovato-
elliptica, ad apicem 10-20 mm. longum acuminata, basi late
cuneata v. subrotunda, membranacea dein subcoriacea, laevis,
glabra, integra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-6 (—7), subtus
elevatis, intercostis —6, vix elevatis, supra haud impressis, nervis
reticulatis planis, minute brunneo-areolatis: costis basalibus ut-
rinsecus 1—2, ad 4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 8-15 mm. Recep-
tacula ad ramulos efoliatos, puberula dein glabra, coccinea;
pedunculo 4-5 mm.: bracteis basalibus caducis (non visis):
pedicello 5—6 mm., gracili: corpore receptaculi 10 K 9 mm.,
elliptico, bracteis apicalibus conspicuis —1.5 mm. projicientibus:
setis internis nullis: pariete tenui, cellulis scleroticis copiosis.
Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: tepalis 4, liberis
rubris. Semina 1.5—1.7 mm. longa, anguste carinata. Cystolitha
amphigena. New Guinea (T.N.G., Eastern Highlands, Kini, Mt.
Michael, ad rupes; NGF 11418, typus in herb. Brisbane).
Lamina ut in F. sagittata et vix distincta, sed bracteae apicales

conspicuae ut in subser. Balanotae.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Irritantes Corner

F. odoardi King var. glabrata Corner v. nov.—F. cinnabarina S.
Moore, J. Bot. 61 (1923) suppl. 50.—Praeter receptacula sti-
pulasque glabra v. pilis paucis ad nodos. New Guinea.—Forbes
171 (typus F. cinnabriana) ; Brass 7214, 7463, 8098; Carr
12523 (Koitaki, typus v. glabrata, herb. Br. Mus.); Kanehira
1837.

10

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

F. sphaerocarpa Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, costae:
(subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis erectis irritantibus —1.5
mm. longis strigosi: nervuli subtus pilis albidis, saepe flexuosis,
breviter villosi: Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi. Stipulae appresse
pilosae, caducae. Lamina 7-15 x 4.5—-6.5 cm., ovata v. el-
liptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, co-
riacea fragilis, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6,
intercostis strictis —9, supra valdiuscule impressis, subtus valde
elevatis, areolis planis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 44
laminae elongatis: petiolo 12-20 mm. Receptacula axillaria,
pilis irritantibus brunneis strigoso-villosa, praeter ostiolum gla-
brescentia, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 2-6 mm. longo: pedi-
cello O-S mm.: bracteis basalibus 3-6 « 4-9 mm., ovato-
acutis, appresse pilosis: corpore receptaculi 30-35 mm. lato.
(40-45 mm., vivo) subgloboso, ostiolo in tubulo piloso 5-7
mm. longo depresso, bracteis apicalibus immersis occluso: setis
internis 1—2 mm. longis, flavidulis, rigidis, copiosis: cellulis.
scleroticis in pariete S~7 mm. crasso copiosis. Flores ut in
F. odoardi. Cystolitha amphigena. Papua (Boridi, 1,600 m. alt.,.
Carr 13553, typus herb. Singapore).

F. odoardi affinis sed setis internis copiosis, foliis rigide coria-
ceis, venis supra impressis differt. Quam F. irritanti Summerh. et

F. insculpta Summerh. receptacula multo majora.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Ramentaceae

F. baeuerleni King var. vulcaniformis Corner v. nov.—Tenuiuscule
villosa v. appresse pilosa, pilis —1.5 mm. longis. Lamina 8—16
< 3.5-6 cm., anguste elliptica v. lanceolata. Receptacula
brunneo-villosula, pilis —0.5 mm. longis: pedunculo 2—5 mm.
longo: pedicello 2-7 mm.: corpore receptaculi 13—20 mm. lato,
apice conico vulcaniformi, ostiolo ad basim tubuli glabri 4-6
mm. alti bracteis apicalibus parvis occluso: setis internis bre-
vibus, albidis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete tenui nullis.
Terr. New Guinea, New Britain, Solomon Isl.

Primo species nova videtur sed specimina v. baeuerleni non-
nulla plus minus intermedia.

Hoogland 4178 (T.N.G., Northern District, Tufi subdistr,);
NGF 3458 (New Britain, Keravat, typus herb. Lae); Brass 3458
(Solomon Isl., Ysabel, Sigana); Kajewski 2618 (Solomon Isl.,
Guadalcanal, Tutuve Mt.).

F. sagittata Vahl, En. 2 (1806) 185.—¥F. compressicaulis BI.
Bijdr. (1825) 439.—F. ramentacea Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832)
547.—This species has been generally known as F. ramentacea

11

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Roxb., but the name is antedated by F. sagittata Vahl and F.
compressicaulis Bl. The type of F. sagittata is a sterile bathy-
phyll-shoot, identical with the bathyphylls of F. ramentacea; the
glabrescent, non-bullate lamina with shallowly cordate base
shows that it is not F. villosa. There is no specimen of F. com-
pressicaulis Bl. at Leiden, but there is a sterile specimen, so
named, in the herbarium of R. Schomburgk (Adelaide Botanic
Garden) which agrees exactly with Blume’s description and is
F. ramentacea; it has the characteristically compressed inter-
nodes described by Blume, which occur in the young shoots of
this and related species. I have referred F. microcarpa Bl., which
is F. leptocarpa Steud., to F. recurva Bl. because there is no
specimen of Blume’s labelled F. microcarpa at Leiden, but Rein-
wardt 1030 (Java) is labelled F. microcarpa Bl. by Reinwardt.
Miquel, however, consistently interpreted F. leptocarpa Steud.
as F. ramentacea, that is F. sagittata.

var. adhaerens (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. adhaerens Miq.
Pl. Jungh. (1851) 55.—F. leptocarpa Steud. v. adhaerens Miq.
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 280.—This is distinguished
by the more or less sessile fig and the white latex (yellow in the
large, stout v. sagittata).

var. minor Corner v. nov.—F. tayabensis Elmer Leafl. Philip.
Bot. 1 (1907) 255.—F. rubrocarpa Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 9
(1937) 3476.—Planta minus robusta, internodis brevioribus,
lamina minori, latice albido. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi: internodis
ramulorum fertilium 12—20 mm. longis. Lamina 6-14 3-7 cm.
Receptacula 10 mm. lata, pedunculo 0-1 mm. longo, pedicello
1-5 mm. Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Isl.

Malaya:—King’s coll. 5252, 6421. Sumatra:—Forbes 1538;
Iboet 238; Lorzing 5177, 9306. Java:—Backer 30100; Forbes
1140, 1387; Horsfield 930; Koorders 27071, 28007; Hort. Bot.
Bog. XV B 74 (typus, herb. Bogor) et 79. Borneo: —Endert 1883;
Elmer 21775. Philippines: —Elmer 8266, 13045, 14523, 16420.

var. oligosperma (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—F. oligosperma
Mig. Pl. Jungh. (1851) 55.—F. leptocarpa Steud. v. oligosperma
Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 280.—This differs from
v. minor in the practically sessile, thinly hairy fig.

F. villosa Bl. var. appressa Corner v. nov.—Petioli et costa media
(subtus) pilis appressis 1-2 mm. longis praediti. North Borneo.
Clemens (Kinabalu) 26600, 40413, 40745; Elmer 21034

(Tawao, typus herb. Br. Mus.); For. Bur. B.N.B. 2857. (Bet-

totan).

12

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

var. subglobosa Corner v. nov.—Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1859)
317, t. 21B.—Ut v. villosa sed corpus receptaculi 6-8 mm. latum
subglobosum, haud umbonatum: pedunculo —1 mm. longo: pedi-
cello 1.5—3 mm. longo. Lamina ovato-lanceolata v. subisosceles,
basi late subtruncata. Thailand, Penang, North Borneo, Mentawei
Isl.

Thailand:—Kerr 578 (Kao Saming, Krat), 15552 (Kao Luang,
N. Sritamarat). Penang:—Curtis 173 (typus, herb. Singapore).
Mentawei:—Boden-Kloss 10593 (Siberut); Iboet 526 (Sipora);
Ridley 14797 (Sipora). Borneo:—Clemens 28426, 28726A
(Kinabalu; 28726 — Urophyllum, 28726B — Pandanus; ? cum
28426 commixta).

var. tonsa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula sparsim appresse
puberula, dein glabra, primo minute rubigino-furfuracea: pedun-
culo 0.5—2 mm. longo: pedicello O-1 mm. longo: corpore recep-
taculi S~7 « 6-8 mm., depresso-globoso, subtruncato, haud um-
bonato: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Malaya
(Cameron Highlands, Pahang, 1,300 m. alt., Sing. F.n. 32858,
typus herb. Singapore).

Lamina ut in F. villosa, ceeaaeacala ut in F. urnigera Miq. sed
-cellulis scleroticis deficientibus.

F. spiralis Corner sp. nov.—Scandens, ad truncos arborum cir-
cumvolvens, foliis distichis, alternis 4—7 nodis foliatis et 5—20
nodis efoliatis stipulatis, apice foliato v. modo stipulato spici-
formi: ramuli fertiles pendentes, similiter instructi: bathyphylla
nulla. Ramuli, petioli, costa media (subtus), et receptacula pilis
brunneolis plus minus erectis. dense strigosi, ad ramulos 1-2
mm. longis, ad petiolum et costam 2—4 mm.: costae laterales
pilis brevioribus sparsis, intercostae scabrido-puberulae. Ramuli
5 mm. crassi. Stipulae 12-30 mm. longae, late lanceolatae,
appresse puberulae, persistentes. Lamina 28-42 « 8-14 cm.,
plus minus anguste elliptica v. obovata, ad apicem acuminatum
gracilem 15—25 mm. longum attenuata, ad basim subtruncatum
attenuata, rigide chartacea, subtus subscabrida: costis lateralibus
utrinsecus 12—14, curvatis, vix inarcuatis, subtus valde elevatis,
supra leviter impressis, intercostis strictis 7-13 subtus elevatis,
areolis planis: costis basalibus 2 (—3), brevibus, glandulis basa-
libus 2: petiolo 10-20 mm. longo, 3—5 mm. crasso. Receptacula
subsessilia 2—6 fasciculata, axillaria: pedunculo 0.5—1 mm.
longo: bracteis basalibus 1—1.5 mm. longis, lanceolatis, acutis,
appresse puberulis, persistentibus: pedicello nullo: corpore re-
ceptaculi 6-7 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, pilis brunneolis 1—2

13

Gardens Bulletin, S.

mm. longis dense strigoso, ostiolo minuto depresso: setis internis

nullis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. sagittata. Cysto-

litha amphigena. Sarawak.

Species habitu in genere singularis. Plantas steriles prope Ku-
ching nonullae vidi.

Purseglove 4642 (Sematan, Kg. Pueh, typus, herb. Cambridge);
Corner s.n. (Bt. Kuap. pr. Kuching, Jan. 1959).

F. recurva Bl. var. bridelioides Corner v. nov.—Sparsim pilosa v.
subglabra. Lamina 3-8 x 1.5-6 cm., ovata, ovato-lanceolata,
v. obovata, obtusa v. subacuta, ut in v. ribesioides (Wall.) King:
costis lateralibus 3-4 (—5), supra haud impressis. Receptacula
6—8 mm. lata, pedicellis longioribus 2-8 mm. Thailand, Malaya,
Sumatra, Borneo.

Thailand:—Kerr 15870 (Songkla). Kedah:—Vesterdal s.n.
Trengganu :—Sing. F.n. 25941 (typus, herb. Singapore). Perak:
—King’s coll. 4575, 5490, 10193; Wray 693, 2890. Johore:—
H. M. Burkill 1806: Teruya 448. Sumatra:—Bartlett 7221, 7324,
8788 (Asahan). Borneo:—Beccari 837, 1361 (Sarawak).

var. elegantior Corner v. nov.—Pilosa ut v. ribesioides (Wall. )
King. Lamina 7-16 « 2-—5.5 cm., anguste oblonga, subacuminata,
basi rotundato-subcordata v. cuneata: costis lateralibus 5—6 (-—7),
obliquis, supra haud v. vix impressis, intercostis numerosis 3-12.
Receptacula 4-6 mm. lata; pedunculo nullo: pedicello 3-5 mm.
longo. Malaya, Bangka, Borneo.

F. uncinulatae Corner similis.

Sing. F.n. 30126 (Trengganu, typus herb. Singapore); Ver-
hoef 100 (Borneo, Pulau Laut); Bunnemeyer 1504 (Bangka);
Teysmann 6859 (Bangka).

var. lasiocarpa Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, stipulae,
laminae pagina inferior, et receptacula pilis fulvis erectis 1-3 mm.
longis lanuginosi: costae et nervuli subtus pilis brevibus uncinatis
intermixtis. Receptacula pilis uncinatis deficientibus, 7—9 mm.
lata: pedunculo 0-1 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2—3 mm. longis:
pedicello O-1.5 mm.: setis internis paucis. Borneo (Kinabalu)
1,000-1,600 m. alt.

F. villosae Bl. v. appressae similis, sed nervi pilis brevibus un-
cinatis praediti ut in F. recurva.

Sing. F.n. 26681 (typus, herb. Singapore), 27816; Clemens
30271.

14

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

var. pedicellata Corner v. nov.—Ut v. recurva sed receptacula
pilis uncinatis —-0.5 mm. longis hispidula, pedicellis gracilibus 2.5—
4 mm. longis. Borneo (W. Koetai, Endert 3296, typus herb.
Leiden).

F. uncinulatae Corner approximans sed ramuli et petioli pilis
longis rectis ut in F. recurva.

F. uncinulata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis. Ramuli, folia, et
receptacula pilis brevibus 0.5—-1 mm. longis uncinatis vestiti,
pilis rectis deficientibus. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi, brunnei.
Stipulae —10 mm. longae, puberulae. Lamina 7-21 X 3.2-9
cm., anguste ovato-elliptica, elliptica, v. lanceolata, acuta v.
subacuminata, basi anguste subcordata v. rotundato-cuneata,
tenue subcoriacea, supra glabra, subtus tenue villosa: costis
lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5 (—6) obliquis, supra haud impressis,
subtus elevatis, intercostis —5 subtus distincte elevatis: costis
basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4-% laminae elongatis: petiolo
7-15 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata et ad ramulos defoliatos
fasciculata, pilis uncinulatis villosa: pedunculo 0—2.5 mm. longo:
bracteis basalibus 1-2 mm.’ longis, ovato-acutis, caducis: pedi-
cello 2~9 mm.: corpore receptaculi 7-9 mm. lato, subgloboso,
umbonato, ostiolo alte depresso: setis internis minutis sparsis:
cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha am-
phigena. East Johore, Natuna Isl., Sarawak, North Borneo.

F.. recurvae Bl. v. elegantioris Corner affinis.

Johore:—Sing. F.n. 30699, 32007, Sedili River. Natuna Isl.:—
v. Steenis 1156 (G. Ranai, typus, herb. Leiden). Sarawak:—Bec-
cari 773, 814; Haviland 3108 (Kuching); P. W. Richards 2544
(Mt. Dulit). Brit. North Borneo:—Clemens (Kinabalu) 31220,
31230, 31574, 32055, 32157; Elmer 20683 (Tawao); Sing. F.n.
19070 (Bettotan). Central East Borneo:—Endert 3137 (W.
Koetai).

F. pendens Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, ramis fertilibus
longis pendentibus. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis aureo-
brunneis rectis rigidis 1-2 mm. longis dense villosi, pilis un-
cinulatis deficientibus. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae —12
mm. longae. Lamina 4.5-15 x 1.8—7 cm., anguste ovato-
elliptica v. lanceolato-elliptica, ad apicem subacuminatum at-
tenuata, basi subcordata v. late cuneata, rigidiuscule coriacea,
subtus villosa, supra mox glabra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus
3-6 (—7), obliquis, supra haud v. vix impressis, subtus valde
elevatis, intercostis 3-8 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrin-
secus 1—2, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2 parvis:

15

Gardens Bulletin, S-

petiolo 2-15 mm. Receptacula axillaria 2—7 fasciculata, sessilia
v. subsessilia, pilis albidis v. brunneis dense villosa: pedunculo
0-0.5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1.5—-2.5 mm. longis, ovatis,
subacutis, caducis: pedicello 0-1 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi
5-6 mm. lato (pilis exclusis), subgloboso v. subconico, ostiolo

alte depresso: setis internis numerosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis.
Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha amphigena.

v. pendens.—Malaya, Sumatra, Sarawak, North Borneo, in
silvis —1,300 m. alt.

F. recurvae affinis sed indumento, receptaculo subsessili, et for-
san habitu, differt.

Penang:—Curtis 1560, West Hill. Perak:—Sing. F.n. 38630,
Maxwell’s Hill. Pahang:—Sing. F.n. 11486, Purseglove 4168.
(typus herb. Singapore), Fraser’s Hill. Johore:—Sing. F.n. 29214,
G. Panti. Sumatra:—Lorzing 6395 (Bandabaroe); Jacob 347,
Maradjo 50, Meijer 3988 (Pajakumboe). Borneo:—Clemens.
(Kinabalu) 11171 (211174), 26837, 27498; Sing. F.n. 27335,
27379 (Kinabalu); Corner s.n. (Kuching, Jan. 1959).

var. appressa Corner v. nov.—Pilis appressis. Borneo (E.
Koetai, Sg. Susuk, Kostermans 5473, typus herb. Leiden).

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Excavatae Corner

F. lanata BI. var. foveolata Corner v. nov.—Lamina subtus areolis
foveolatis. Receptacula saepe glabra. North Borneo (Kinabalu),
1,000—1,600 m. alt.

Clemens 26337, 28525, 29169, 31603 (typus herb. Leiden),

35110, 40723.

F. supperforata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Stipulae et ramuli
pilis 2-3 mm. longis erectis v. appressis vestiti, ramuli mox
glabri sed minute brunneo-velutinati: petioli et costae (subtus)
pilis appressis —1:5 mm. longis sparsis, petioli etiam minute
brunneo-velutinati. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Lamina 9-18 x
4-8 cm., elliptica, attenuato-acuminata, basi rotundato-cuneata
v. anguste subcordata, rigidiuscule coriacea, sicco brunnea:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—7, supra vix impressis, subtus
elevatis, intercostis —12 vix elevatis, areolis subtus minute
puberulo-foveolatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 44
laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 12-30 mm.
longo. Receptacula axillaria et ad ramulos defoliatos 2—6 fasci-
culata, minute brunneo-velutinata ut ramuli, glabrescentia:
pedunculo Q. bracteis basalibus 1 mm. longis, ovatis, obtusis,

16

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

persistentibus: pedicello 4-6 mm.: corpore receptaculi 7-9

mm. lato, subgloboso, saepe subtruncato, ostiolo haud v. vix.

depresso: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores

ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, West Borneo.

F. lanatae Bl. affinis sed indumento nervis nervulisque differt.

Anderson 9061 (Sarawak, Binatang); Beccari 3573 (Kuching) ;
Mondi 29 (Pontianak, typus, herb. Leiden).

F. callicarpides Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, humilis.
Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis erectis subflexuosis brevibus
puberuli, mox glabri, pilis uncinulatis microscopicis paucis:
Jamina glabra. Ramuli 1—1.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae —3 mm.
longae, glabrae. Lamina 1.2-3.5 x 0.42 cm., elliptica v.
obovata, asymmetrica, obtusa v. subacuta, basi asymmetrica uno:
latere anguste cuneata altero subcordata, coriacea: costis latera-
libus utrinsecus 3—4, supra haud impressis, subtus planis latis,
intercostis nullis, areolis haud foveolatis brunneis: costis basali-
bus utrinsecus |, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 2-4 mm.
longo. Receptacula axillaria binata puberula glabrescentia,
maturitate rubra: pedunculo 1-1.5 mm. longo: bracteis basali--
bus 0.5—1 mm. longis, subacutis, persistentibus: pedicello 0—0.5
mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 5-6 mm. lato, depresso-globoso,
ostiolo paulo depresso, bracteis apicalibus 3 planis occluso:
setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva.
Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, in silvis paludosis.

Species bathyphylloidea, F. excavatae Wall. affinis sed areolis.

nunquam foveolatis. .

Anderson 8539 (Betong), 9805 (Sianggang), 9890 (Miri, typus
herb. Kuching); For. Dept. Sarawak 2120 (Baram, S. Dua).

ser. Distichoideae Corner

F, distichoidea Diels var. megacarpa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula
14-16 mm. lata, pariete —2 mm. crasso: pedunculo 3—5 mm.
longo: bracteis basalibus caducis. Flores masculi 3—6 mm. longi,
tepalis gamophyllis. Papua (Isuarava, Carr 16031, typus herb.
Singapore).

F, phatnophylla Diels var. glochidioides Corner v. nov.—Lamina
6-13 X 3.2-6 cm., elliptica, breviter acuminata, tenue coriacea:
intercostis 1-3: costis basalibus ad 1-4 laminae elongatis:
petiolo 8-16 mm. Receptacula sessilia, bracteis basalibus
caducis. New Guinea (Rouffaer River, Docters v. Leeuwen:
9027, 10166, typus herb. Leiden).

17

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. meiocarpa (Diels) Corner comb. nov.—F. meiocarpa Diels,
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 221.

F. calodictya Summerh. var. gamophylla Corner v. nov.—Perian-
thium femineum gamophyllum, breviter 2—4 lobatum. Recep-
tacula 7-8 mm. lata: pedunculo 2-4 mm. longo. New Guinea
(Docters v. Leeuwen 9641, Albatross Biv., typus herb. Leiden:
Meyer Drees 491, Bernhard Biv.).

F. agapetoides Diels var. solomonensis Corner v. nov.—Recepta-
cula minora, 5—6 mm. lata: pedunculo longiori, 1-3 mm.
Lamina 3-7 xX 1.7-3.8 cm., majora, elliptica v. elliptico-
obovata, basi cuneata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6. Stomata
alte immersa. Solomon Isl.

Bougainville: —Kajewski 1946 (Buin, typus herb. Kew); J. H.

L. Waterhouse 95, B 201, 749. Guadalcanal:—Kajewski 2654

(Mt. Tutuve). |

ser. Distichae Corner

F. hederacea Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 538; Wight, Ic. t. 653.—
F.. scandens Roxb. id. 536, non Lam.—F. fruticosa Roxb. id.
533; Wight, Ic. t. 654.—There can be no doubt from the des-
criptions and Wight’s figures that these are conspecific. F. fruti-
cosa is represented by Wallich 4501, but I have found no speci-
mens of Roxburgh’s. Accordingly I choose the better name, F.
hederacea, for this well-known climber, F. scandens being a
later homonym. There are four ms. names for the species, which
are of interest to students of older specimens, namely ‘F. crus-
tacea’ (B. Hamilton 2434), ‘F. sarmentosa’ (B. Hamilton 2435;
non J. E. Sm.), ‘F. triplinervis’ (B. Hamilton 2412), all of
which are at Edinburgh, and ‘F. ?ludens’ (Wallich 4579, bathy-
phylls).

F. detonsa Corner sp. nov.—Glabra, novellis primo albido-
puberulis. Folia ? spiraliter disposita. Stipulae 5-12 mm. longi,
subcaducae. Lamina 4-11 xX 2.2-6 cm., ovata v. elliptica,
obtusa, subacuta v. subacuminata, basi late cuneata, crassiu-
scule coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-8, angulo lato
(70—80°) exeuntibus, supra tenuiter impressis, subtus elevatis,
intercostis O—1 vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, bre-
vibus, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 8-30 & 1.5—2 mm.
Receptacula axillaria binata, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 2-3
< 2 mm.: bracteis basalibus 1.5 mm. longis, obtusis, sub-
caducis: corpore receptaculi 8-10 *« 7—9 mm., subgloboso,
ostiolo haud depresso. Flores ut in F. disticha Bl. Cystolitha
hypogena. North Borneo, 1,600—2,200 m. alt.

18

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

F. distichae Bl. persimilis sed robustior foliis majoribus, ut vide-
tur spiraliter dispositis, costis pluribus valde divergentibus, recep-
taculis majoribus differt.

Kinabalu:—Clemens 31443, 33456 (typus, herb. Br. Mus.),
33832; Sing. F.n. 27512. West Koetai, Mt. Kemoel.:—Endert.
4449.

ser. Trichocarpeae Corner

F. trichocarpa Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 458.—F. filiformis Bl. id. 442.—
F. obtusa Hassk. v. gedehensis Koord. et Val. Bijdr. Booms.
Java 11 (1906) 227.—Two sheets of Blume’s at Leiden are
named F. filiformis, which show it to be the bathyphyllous stage
of the common species known as F. obtusa Hassk. There ap-
pears to be no specimen of F. trichocarpa, but Blume’s descrip-
tion obviously refers to the acrophyllous fertile state. I was,
indeed, puzzled why Blume should have apparently omitted this
species until I read the description of F. trichocarpa. Two states
occur in Java, one with smaller figs, which I identify with F.
trichocarpa (fructibus pisiformibus), and the other with larger
figs which is F. obtusa Hassk. and var. genuina Koord. et Val.,
and must become var. obtusa.

var. borneensis (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. piperifolia Miq.
var. borneensis Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293.—
Pogonotrophe borneensis Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 330.—
Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis sparsis villosi, mox glabri: costae
subtus sparsim appresse pilosae. Receptacula 7-10 mm. lata, mox
glabra: pedunculo 0-6 mm. longo. Borneo.

Inter v. trichocarpam et v. piperifoliam.

Korthals s.n. (Banjermasim, typus herb. Leiden); Kostermans
5981 (E. Koetai); San. 16651 (Sipitang).

var. obtusa (Hassk.) Corner comb. nov.—F. obtusa Hassk. Cat.
Hort. Bog. (1844) 75.—F. obtusa Hassk. v. genuina Koord. et
Val. Bijdr. Booms. Java 11 (1906) 224.

Var. piperifolia (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. obtusa Hassk. v.
piperifolia (Miq.) Koord. et Val. Bijdr. Booms. Java 11 (1906)
227.—Pogonotrophe piperifolia Miq. Zoll. Syst. Verz. (1854) 93,

ae piperifolia Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867)

F. nasuta Summerh. var. glabrata Corner v. nov.—Praeter stipulas
bracteasque basales glabra. Setae internae nullae. New Guinea.
Clemens 1170 (Morobe, typus herb. Leiden); Carr 14321,

14462, 14469 (Boridi).

19

Gardens Bulletin, S.

F. phaeobullata Corner sp. nov.—Alte scandens. Ramuli, stipulae,
petioli, costae (subtus), et receptacula juvenilia pilis fuscis
rigidis erectis -1 (—1.5) mm. longis villosi, praeter costas mox
glabri. Ramuli 3 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei rugosi. Lamina 6—10
XX 3-6 cm., ovato-elliptica, acute subacuminata, basi rotundato-
cordata v. late cuneata, integra, coriaceo-bullata: costis latera-
libus utrinsecus 3—5, subtus elevatis, intercostis —4: costis basa-
libus utrinsecus 2, ad 4% laminae elongatis, glandulis ba-
salibus 2 parvis: petiolo -20 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria,
praeter bracteas basales mox glabra: pedunculo 5-9 mm.:
bracteis basalibus 1 mm. longis, obtusis, appresse pilosis: pedi-
cello 2—3 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. (15-17
mm., vivo), subgloboso, ostiolo mox depresso: setis internis
paucis parvis brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis nullis sed cellulis
‘parietis omnibus plus minus crasse tunicatis. Flores ut in F.
hypophaea. Cystolitha hypogena. Papua (Carr 12474, Rouna,
typus herb. Br. Mus.).
F. hypophaeae Schl. affinis sed pilis flexuosis lanuginosis defi-

ccientibus, receptaculis minoribus differt.

F. semilanata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, foliis laxe
spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis appressis
rectis et pilis minutis flexuosis villosi: nervuli pilis brevioribus,
glabrescentes. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi, compressi, brunnei. Sti-
pulae — 7 mm. longae, appresse brunneo-sericeae v. substrigosae.
Lamina 4-8.5 x 2-3.7 cm., ovato-elliptica, subacuminata v.
longiuscule acuminata, basi rotundata, integra, tenue coriacea,
laevis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, subtus leviter ele-
vatis, intercostis —4: costis basalibus 1, ad 4 laminae elongatis,
glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 6-17 mm. Receptacula axil-
laria binata, maturitate aurantiaco-rubra: pedunculo 3—5 mm.
longo, breviter brunneo-villoso: bracteis basalibus ovato-acutis,
appresse pilosis: corpore receptaculi 6-8 mm. lato (8-10 mm.,
vivo), subellipsoideo, pilis flexuosis brunneis tenue villoso, lente
glabrescenti, ostiolo non depresso: setis internis paucis parvis
albidis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei sessiles: tepalis
tenuibus rubris: ovario sessili. Flores neutri dispersi sessiles.
Semina 1.5-1.8 & 0.8 mm. Cystolitha pauca venas secundum
hypogena. Papua (Carr 12254, Koitaki, typus herb. Singapore;
15563, Isuarava).

F. bakeri Elmer affinis sed foliis acuminatis, pilis flexuosis inter
alia differt.

20

Vol. XVIII. (1960).°

F. cinnamomea Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, foliis laxe
spiraliter dispositis. Omnes partes pilis flexuosis laete ferrugineis
v. fulvido-cinnamomeis dense et breviter lanuginosae, laminae
pagina superior mox glabra. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae
—7 mm. longae, appresse pilosae. Lamina 4.5—9 2.5—5.8 cm.,
ovata, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, in-
tegra, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—5, intercostis
—6, nervulis reticulatis indumento brunneo obscuratis: costis
basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis, glandulis
basalibus 2: petiolo 12—22 mm. longo, gracili. Receptacula axil-
laria binata brunneo-lanuginosa: pedunculo 4—7 mm. longo:
bracteis basalibus 3—4 mm. longis, ovato-acutis: corpore re-
ceptaculi 7-8 mm. lato (10-12 « 9-10 mm., vivo), subellip-
soideo: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores neutri
nulli. Flores feminei sessiles: ovario sessili. Semina 1.7-2
1 mm., latiuscula, anguste alata. Cystolitha nulla. Papua (Carr
13682, Alola, c. 2,000 m. alt., typus herb. Singapore).
Gracilis, indumento laeto distincto.

F. hypophaeola Corner sp. nov.—Gracilis scandens, foliis laxe
spiraliter dispositis. Omnes partes pilis flexuosis obscure cervi-
coloribus v. fusco-brunneis lanuginosae, laminae pagina sup-
erior mox glabra. Ramuli 2 mm. crassi. Stipulae parvae
strigosiusculae. Lamina 6-9 x 2.5—3.5 cm., ovato-lanceolata,
ad apicem subacutum attenuata, basi rotundata v. subcordata,
integra, tenue coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, subtus
leviter elevatis, intercostis 1-3, nervulis indumento spisso ob-
scuratis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, ad 1-4 laminae elon-
gatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 9-15 mm. longo. Recep-
tacula axillaria, ? solitaria, lente glabrescentia, maturitate rubra:
pedunculo 5—6 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3 mm. longis,
Ovato-acutis: corpore receptaculi 10 mm. lato, subgloboso: setis
internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores feminei ut in
F.. hypohaea Schl. Cystolitha hypogena. Netherlands New Gui-
nea (Kanehira et Hatusima 13504, typus herb. Leiden).

F. hypophaeae Schl. affinis sed multo gracilior.

SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. KALOSYCE (MIQ.)
CORNER COMB. NOV.

Synoecia Mig. sect. Kalosyce et sect. Verae Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
I, 2 (1859) 328, 329.—Urostigma Gasp. sect. Apiosycea Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 440.—Ficus subgen. Synoecia Miq.

21

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 289.—Ficus sect. Synoecia
(Miq.) Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. 3 (1880) 369.—Type:—Synoe-
cia sumatrana Miq. (F. aurantiacea Griff.).

The well-established sectional name Synoecia is antedated firstly
by sections Verae Mig. and Kalosyce Miq., which were published
simultaneously, and then by sect. Apiosycea Miq. I have chosen
sect. Kalosyce as the correct name because sect. Verae, in spite of
its meaning, was a mixture and is not a proper sectional name.
Sect. Kalosyce had only one species, Synoecia sumatrana Miq.,
which is the now well-known F. aurantiacea Griff. and is a typical
representative of sect. Synoecia. Sect. Verae included two species,
Synoecia diversifolia Miq., which is F. deltoidea Jack (subgen.
Ficus sect. Ficus) and S. falcata Miq., which, as F.. falcata Thunb.,
is the sterile, bathyphyll state of F. punctata Thunb. and the
second well-known species of sect. Synoecia. Miquel realised this
mixture by 1867 when he made Synoecia a subgenus of Ficus and
excluded from it S. diversifolia, thereby rendering S. falcata the
type of Synoecia, subgen. Synoecia, and sect. Synoecia. Sect. Apio-
sycea contained only Urostigma apiocarpum Migq., which is F.
apiocarpa Migq. If the genus Synoecia were to be re-instated, then
sect. Verae would become sect. Synoecia, with sect. Kalosyce as a
synonym, and sect. Apiosycea would replace what I have called

ser. Apiocarpeae; unfortunately as a section, Synoecia dates from
1880.

ser. Apiocarpeae Corner ser. nov.—Urostigma Gasp. sect. Apio-
sycea Miq. |.c.—Lamina symmetrica, areolis subtus haud foveo-
latis. Bathyphylla vix evoluta. Receptacula Plaine axillaria. 3
spp. Typus:—F. apiocarpa Miq.

ser. Punctatae Corner ser. nov.—Lamina saepe asymmetrica,
areolis subtus foveolatis et saepe pubescentibus. Bathyphylla
plerumque bene evoluta, a foliis acrophyllis distincta. Receptacula
saepe cauliflora. 14 spp. Typus:—F. aurantiacea Griff.

subser. Punctatae.—Costae laterales supra haud impressae saepe -
ut lineae leviter elevatae. Lamina tenuiter coriacea. 7 spp. Typus:
—F. aurantiacea Griff.

subser. Ruginerviae Corner subser. nov.—Costae laterales, et
saepe intercostae nervulique reticulati, supra impressae, subtus
crassae et saepe valde elevatae. Lamina rigide coriacea, sicco
brunnea. 7 spp. Typus:—F. ruginervia Corner.

22

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

ser. Apiocarpeae Corner

F. apiocarpa Mig. var. villosa Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, et
costae (subtus) pilis patentibus brunneolis —1 mm. longis villosi.
Receptacula albido-villosa. Sarawak (Bur. Sci. 1876, s.l., typus
herb. Manchester).

ser. Punctatae Corner subser. Punctatae

F. aurantiacea Griff. Notul. 4 (1854) 394: Ic. Pl. As. (1854) t.
555.—Synoecia sumatrana Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 329.
—F., callicarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 268,
289, f. 10B—The names F. aurantiaca Kunth et Bouch., F.
aurantiaca Noronh. and F. aurantiaca Wall., listed in the Index
Kewensis, are nomina nuda, and cannot invalidate Griffith’s
name.
var. angustifolia Corner nom. nov.—F. callicarpa Mig. v. angus-

tifolia Corner, Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 120.

var. parvifolia Corner nom. nov.—F. callicarpa Miq. Vv. parvi-
folia Corner, id. 116.

Note. F. callicarpa Migq. v. crassinervia Corner is F. ruginervia
Corner (see below): v. multinervia Corner is F. singalana King.

F. scratchleyana King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 404; Ann. R.
Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) App. 5, pl. 229A; haud Corner
Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 142 (= F. peninsula Elm.).—
Through false information, I was lead to suppose that the leaves
of F. scratchleyana are devoid of stomatal pits in the areolae. A
glance at the type, twelve years later showed me the error at
once.

var. aurantiola Corner v. nov.—Lamina minor, 4-14 *« 2-5.5
cm., anguste elliptica, oblongo-elliptica, v. lanceolato-elliptica,
acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus
4-9 (-12), angulo lato exeuntibus: costis basalibus brevibus:
petiolo 5-30 mm. longo. Receptacula minora axillaria solitaria,
8-15 & 8-13 mm., globosa v. ellipsoidea: pedunculo 2-10 mm.
longo: bracteis 1—1.5 mm. longis: pedicello nullo. Tepala 2-3
(mascula) 3—4 (feminea, cecidiophora) albida v. roseola. Flores
masculi 3-5 mm. longi, ceidiophori et feminei 2—3.5 mm. Semina
1.6—-1.8 mm. longa, compressa, oblonga, anguste carinata. New
Guinea.

Forsan species nova; ut videtur communis.

23

Gardens Bulletin, S-

Aet et Idjan 916 (Jappen-Biak, typus herb. Leiden); Brass.
3844 (T.N.G., Central Div.), 7173 (Fly River, Palmer River);
Clemens 2232, 3247 (Morobe Distr.); Ledermann 9587, 11405
(Sepik); NGF 7782 (West. Highlands), 8745 (Morobe Distr.).

var. rhopalosycia (Diels) Corner comb. nov.—F. rhopalosycia
Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 232.—Glabra. Lamina 4-7
cm. lata, anguste elliptica: costis lateralibus quasi rectangulatis.
Receptacula pyriformia, magnitudine ut in v. scratchleyana: brac-
teis basalibus 4 mm. longis. New Guinea (Hellwig Gebirge, Pulle
643; typus herb. Berlin).

F. ruginervia Corner sp. nov.—F. callicarpa Miq. v. crassinervia
Corner, Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 118, f. 33.—Ramuli, petioli,
et costa media subtus pilis brunneolis plus minus patentibus
0.5—1 mm. longis tenue pilosi, v. subglabri. Lamina 2-8 X 1.1-
4.7 cm., elliptica v. obovata, obtusa, basi valde asymmetrica uno
latere cordata v. subauriculata, laevis, sicco brunnea, nervis ner-
vulisque supra valde impressis, subtus crassis elevatis: costis
lateralibus utrinsecus 3—7, areolis piloso-foveolatis: costis basali-
bus utrinsecus 1—2, brevibus: petiolo 3-10 mm. Receptacula
ad tubercula cauliflora, glabra marmorata, ut in F. aurantiacea
Griff. sed plerumque subglobosa. Flores ut in F. aurantiacea sed
ovariis femineis longius pedicellatis (—4.5 mm.). Malaya. Su-
matra, Sarawak. Typus:—Sing. F.n. 28446, herb. Singapore.
Venis supra impressis subtus crassis lamina sicca brunnea rec-

tius prope F. singalanam referenda.

SECT. SINOSYCIDIUM CORNER SECT. NOV.

Dioca. Frutex v. arbor, stipulis binatis liberis. Receptacula rami-
flora pedicellata, bracteis lateralibus ad pedicellum corpusque dis-
persis: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Tepala carnea
v. albida, membranacea, libera. Flores masculi ostiolares sessiles,
et dispersi pedicellati, diandreae, pistillodio nullo: antheris non
mucronatis. Ovarium albidum, stigmate femineo breviter bifido.
Semina breviter oblonga, leviter carinata, laevia. Cystolitha hypo-
gena. China, 1 sp., F. tsiangii Merr. ex Corner.

The ramiflorous bracteate receptacles are like those which occur
in the sections Sycidium, Sycocarpus, and Adenosperma; further,
the scabrid leaves and the paired stipules crowded over the stem-
apex resemble the state in sect. Sycidium ser. Copiosae. The dis-
perse, bistaminate male flowers, however, are exceptional and

24

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

agree with the condition in some species of sect. Ficus, where the
leaf, stipules, and receptacle are anomalous. To include the single
species in either sect. Sycidium, where some species may certainly
have 1—2 stamens in the male flower, or sect. Ficus, would be
confusing.

F. tsiangiit Merr. ex Corner.—Frutex v. arbor —9 m. alta, laxe
ramosa, internodis elongatis, foliis spiraliter dispositis longi-
petiolatis, pilis albidis -O.5 (—1) mm. longis hispidulo-scabridis,
non muriculatis, ramulis petiolisque glabrescentibus. Ramuli
2—4 mm. crassi, pallide ochracei v. brunneoli. Stipulae —7 mm.
longae, binatae, late lanceolatae, appresse puberulae, caducae,
ad apicem ramuli confertae. Lamina 8-23 « 5—18 cm., ovata,
ovato- v. obovato-elliptica, apice latiuscule acuminata 7-13
mm. longo, basi subcordata, rotundata v. late cuneata, dentata,
membranacea, supra scaberrima, subtus hispidula, sicco viridis:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—4 (—5), obliquis, intercostis laxis
2-5, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1 (—2). ad 4
laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 30-140 xX
1.5—2.5 mm. Receptacula ramiflora (? cauliflora) ad ramulos
efoliatos brevissimos tuberculiformes, hispido-scabra, maturitate
rubra; pedicello 5-40 mm. longo, bracteis lateralibus 2—3, 2—3
mm. longis, dispersis, raro in collare ternatis: corpore receptaculi
16-25 x 12-20 mm. (immaturo), subgloboso v. ellipsoideo,
bracteis lateralibus nonnullis 2—3 mm. longis dispersis praeditis,
ostiolo bracteis apicalibus erectis hispidulis numerosis confertis
occluso: setis internis albidis brevibus, paucis v. copiosis: cellulis
scleroticis nullis. Tepala 3—5, albida v. carnea, libera, mem-
branacea, glabra v. puberula, ovario longiora. Flores masculi
ordinibus 2-3 ostiolares subsessiles, et pedicellati dispersi,
pedicellis carneo-maculatis —3.5 mm. longis: tepalis spathulatis:
staminibus 2, raro 1, ad basim setulis circumdatis, antheris non
mucronatis. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicellati, masculis
pedicellatis breviores: tepalis anguste lanceolatis: ovario albido,
substipitato. Flores feminei ut cecidiophori: ovario sessili: stylo
sparsim setuloso, stigmate subbifido. Flores neutri nulli. Semina
1.2 mm. longa, lentiformia, subcarinata, laevia. Cystolitha hy-
pogena: pili papillati, aseptati. China, in silvis 5|00—1,200 m. alt.
Hupeh:—H. C. Chow 540, Patung Hsien: Szechwan:—W. P

Fang 2566, Omei Hsien. Kwangsi:—A. N. Steward and H. C.

Cheo 323, Ling Yuen Hsien; Y. Tsiang 7048, Tuhshan. Kwei-

chow:—Y. Tsiang 4315, Chengfeng (typus, herb. Edinburgh).

Yunnan:—Henry 9407 (Mengtsze), 13316 (Yuan chiang); Y.

Tsiang 12288.

25

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Y. Tsiang’s collections have been named F. tsiangii by Merrill
in herbaria, but I cannot find that the species has been published.
It is a remarkable plant appearing ancestral to some, at least, of
sect. Sycidium.

SECT. ADENOSPERMA CORNER

Reinwardtia 4 (1958) 43.—ser. Amphigenae et Hypogenae
Corner id. 44.

ser. Amphigenae Corner

F. saccata Corner sp. nov.—Arbuscula —4 m. alta, sparsim ramosa,
foliis confertis spiraliter dispositis. Glabra v. petioli pilis patenti-
bus —1 mm. longis sparsim pubescentes, receptacula sparsim
appresse pubescentia. Ramuli 5-7 mm. crassi, brunnei cavi.
Stipulae 20-40 mm. longae et latae, ovato-saccatae apiculatae
connatae, irregulariter fissae, persistentes. Lamina 25-36 X
11—13.5 cm., obovata, breviter acuminata, ad basim anguste
cordatum gradatim attenuata, integra membranacea laevis, sicco
fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-13, intercostis
—7 strictis, subtus leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus
3—4, brevibus, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 10-50 mm.,
stipulis obtecto. Receptacula axillaria binata sessilia, stipulis
obtecta, 20 mm. lata, subglobosa, tenuiter appresse pilosa,
bracteis lateralibus nonnullis appressis v. subpatentibus glabris
4-6 mm. longis praedita, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus prominen-
tibus glabris 3—4 mm. longis occluso: bracteis basalibus 3, 5—7
mm. longis, ovato-oblongis, glabris.: setis internis copiosis brun-
neolis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori
? Flores feminei 2-3 mm. longi, sessiles: tepalis 4—6 rubris
liberiso oblongis glabris ovario rubro sessili v. breviter stipitato
equalibus: stylo fere gynobasali, glabro, rubro. Semina 2—2.2
< 1.5 <0.6—0.8 mm. compressa, carinata, basi leviter dupli-
citer carinata, laevia. Cystolitha amphigena. Papua (Lala River,
in silvis montanis 1,800 m. alt.; Carr 14063, typus, herb. Singa-
pore).

Species singularis, arbusculas sect. Sycocarpi simulans, sed
tepalis liberis, seminibus ut in sect. Adenospermate.

F. mollior F. v. Muell. ex Benth Fl. Austral. 6 (1873) 173.— F.
gazellae Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 7 (1886) 452.—F. mollior may be
somewhat hairier than F. gazellae, but there is no other differ-
ence and there are intermediates.

26

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

var. pseudocovellia Corner v. nov.—Receptacula glabra, pyri-
formia. Neth. New Guinea (Mamberamo, Versteeg 46, typus herb.
Leiden).

var. sessilis Corner v. nov.—Receptacula sessilia v. fere. Papua.

Brass 26014 et 27320 (Fergusson Isl.), 28349 et 28526 (Ros-
sel Isl.), 28069 (Sudest Isl.); Carr 12360 (Rouna Falls, typus
herb. Singapore); Lister Turner 88.

forma riparia Corner f. nov.—Lamina 6-10 x 2-3.5 cm.,
lanceolato-elliptica, acuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata: petiolo
5-15 mm. longo. Stipulae persistentes. Receptacula axillaria ses-
silia. Neth. New Guinea (Sorong; Pleyte 517, typus herb. Leiden).

F. verticillaris Corner sp. nov.—C. T. White, J. Arn. Arb. 31
(1950) 82, ut F. charadrophila Summerh.—Frutex v. arbor
parva —10 m. alta, cortice pallide griseo. Folia rigida nitida, spi-
raliter disposita, plerumque conferta, etiam subverticillata.
Glabra. Ramuli 1.5—2.5 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei. Stipulae
parvae, caducae. Lamina +11 x 4.5 cm., anguste elliptico-
obovata, obtuse subacuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata, in-
tegra, chartaceo-subcoriacea, fragilis, subscabrida, supra minute
ruguluso-scrobiculata, sicco griseo-viridis v. fusco-viridis: costis
lateralibus utrinsecus 8—13, intercostis 0-1, subtus costis late-
ralibus solum conspicuis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevi-
bus: petiolo 10-18 mm. Receptacula axillaria, binata v. soli-
taria, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 4-18 mm. longo: bracteis
basalibus 3 minutis, margine saepe ciliolatis: pedicello 2-6 mm.
longo: corpore receptaculi 7-8 mm. lata (-12 mm., vivo), sub-
globoso v. depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis in-
ternis paucis brunneis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis in strato
receptaculi cecidiophori interno copiosis. Tepala 4—S rubra
ovata libera glabra, ovario equalia v. breviora. Flores masculi
ordine uno ostiolares sessiles: stamine uno. Flores feminei et
cecidiophori sessiles: ovario sessili, pallide ochraceo dein sub-
rubro: stylo valde gynobasali. Semina ? vix carinata (immatura).
Solomon Islands, in silvis —1,200 m. alt.

Habitu Baccaureae parvifoliae (Euphorbiaceae). F. arbusculae
et F. adenosperma affinis, sed foliis parvis rigidis, sicco fragilibus
chartaceis, nervis obscuris, pedunculo gracili, et bracteis lateralibus
nullis differt. Var. robusta ad F. umbonatam Mid. attingens.

Brass 2838 (San Cristoval), 3488 (Florida), 3523 (N’gela);
Kajewski 2155 (Bougainville, Buin, typus herb. Copenhagen),
2366 (Malaita), 2584 (Guadalcanal); C. T. White (BSIP) 202
(New Georgia).

27

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. robusta Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, receptacula et
paginae laminae inferiores minute puberuli. Ramuli 3-4 mm.
crassi. Stipulae -18 mm. longae. Lamina -12 x 4.5 cm. Recep-
tacula 12-15 mm. lata: pedunculo -10 x 1-1.5 mm.: bracteis
basalibus 1.5 mm. longis. Tepala 3-4. Ovarium cecidiophorum
sessile v. stipitatum. Stomata immersa.

Brass 2883 (San Cristoval, typus herb. Leiden); E. S. Brown
W/347 (Guadalcanal).

F. adenosperma Miq. v. adenosperma forma angustifolia Corner
f. nov.—Lamina 2-14 x 0.5-3 cm., lanceolata, ad apicem
subacutam attenuata: intercostis 0-1. Celebes, Moluccas.

Bloembergen 4449 (Soela Sanana, typus herb. Leiden); Rant
34 et v. Steenis 10419 (Celebes, Bantimoerong).

var. chaetophora (Warb.) Corner comb. nov.—F. chaetophora
Warb. in K. Schum. et Laut. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Suds.
(1905) 246.—This is the state with spreading hairs, particularly
at the nodes, and with the subcordate leaf-base. It is common in
New Guinea.

var. glabra Corner v. nov.—F. depressa Benth. Fl. Austral. 6
(1873) 172.—F. turbinata Ridley, Tr. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. 9
(1916) 148.—Glabra v. fere. Lamina 7-13 x 2.2-—4.5 cm., an-
guste elliptica v. lanceolato-elliptica, basi cuneata: costis laterali-
bus utrinsecus (S—) 8-12. Receptacula saepe brevipedunculata v.
subsessilia, bracteis lateralibus nullis. Key Isl., New Guinea, Solo-
mon Isl., Queensland. Typus:—Kajewski 2480, Guadalcanal Isl.,
herb. Leiden.

A. var. adenosperma vix separabilis, sed formae glabrae extre-
mae Satis distinctae. —

var. microlepis Corner v. nov.—Glabra. Lamina 8-18 x 3.5-9
cm., elliptica, subacuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata, intercostis.
2—5 laxis. Receptacula plerumque ad axillas defoliatas ramiflora,
6-7 mm. lata, globosa, bracteis lateralibus numerosis parvis saepe
recurvatis praedita: pedunculo 2-6 mm. longo. New Guinea.

Receptacula ut in F. comitis King, folia ut in F. adenosperma.

Brass 23822 (Papua, Milne Bay District): BW 464 (Manok-
wari); Hoogland 4451 (Terr. New Guinea, Northern Distr.,
Tufi subdistr., typus herb. Leiden); NGF 7861 (Terr. New Guinea,
Morobe, Upper Bulolo Valley).

28

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

ser. Hypogenae Corner

F. austrina Corner sp. nov.—Summerhayes, J. Arn. Arb. 13 (1932)
106, ut F. moseleyana King.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis spira-
liter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis fulvidulis appressis —1
mm. longis vestiti v. fere glabri: laminae glabrae. Ramuli 3-5
mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae 20-45 mm. longae, lanceolatae,
glabrae, caducae. Lamina 11-23 6-15 cm., obovata v. ellip-
tico-obovata, obtusa v. subacuta, basi subcordata v. rotundato-
cuneata, integra, laevis, membranacea v. subcoriacea, sicco
griseo-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-8, intercostis
laxis —7, subtus haud v. leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrin-
secus 3 (-4), ad 4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 10-40 x 2.5—
3 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata glabra: pedunculo 1-10
mm. longo, crasso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1-2 & 2-2.5 mm.,
subcrecentiformia obtusa: corpore receptaculi 15 mm. lata
(immatura), depresso-globosa, bracteis lateralibus nullis, osticlo
bracteis. apicalibus plus minus umbonato: setis internis nullis:
cellulis scleroticis in pariete rec. femin. copiosis. Flores masculi
et cecidiophori? Flores feminei-sessiles: tepalis 3—4 liberis lan-
ceolatis v. spathulatis glabris, ovario subrubro sessili v. breviter

_ stipitato longioribus: stylo glabro, valde laterali v. gynobasali.
Semina ? Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl., New Hebrides, ad
terram corallinaceam littoralem.

Ut F. pedunculosae Mig. var. segaarensis (Engl.) Corner (F.
moseleyana King) persimilis, sed stylo gynobasali-ut in sect. Ade-
nospermate. Receptacula cecidiophora matura desiderata.

Brass 2574 (San Cristoval, Waimamura, typus, herb. Kew);
J. H. L. Waterhouse 176 (New Georgia); Kajewski 433 (Banks
Groups, Vanua Lava Isl.). b

F. casearioides King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 403; Ann. R.
Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) App. 5, pl. 228B.—F. hylobia
Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 186.—var. gamosepala
Corner nov.—Perianthium gamophyllum obtuse 2—4 lobatum.
Ternate, New Guinea.

Beguin 1527 (Ternate); Brass 23302, 24776 (Papua, Milne
Bay District); Carr 13179 (Papua, Boridi, typus herb. Singapore),
14548 (Boridi); Carr 15711, 15797, 15847 (Lala River); NGF
4309 (Morobe), 6784 (Eastern Highlands).

F. subcuneata Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 235,
297.—F. stoechotricha Diels et F. trichoneura Diels, Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 67 (1935) 225, 230—F. formosa Summerh. J. Arn. Arb.

29

Gardens Bulletin, S.

22 (1941) 97.—Miquel’s syntypes at Leiden and Utrecht (Teys-
mann 5548, Halmaheira, and de Vriese s.n., Ceram, with one
broken fig) leave no doubt of the identity of this characteristic
species.

F. tenella Corner sp. nov.—Arbor gracilis —10 m. alta, latice
albido, foliis spiraliter dispositis. Glabra v. novelli pilis brun-
neis —1 mm. longis appressis tenue vestiti. Ramuli 1.5—2.5 mm.
crassi, brunnei, aliquando pilis microscopicis subfurfuracei.
Stipulae 10-30 mm. longae, lanceolatae, glabrae, persistentes.
Lamina 6-15 x 1.5—3.7 cm., lanceolato-elliptica v. anguste
obovata, apice acuminata v. subcaudata —17 mm. longo, basi
anguste cuneata, integra, membranacea, sicco fusco-brunnea;
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-11, intercostis —7 demissis; costis
basalibus utrinsecus 1, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 4-14
mm. Receptacula axillaria binata v. solitaria: pedicellis 4~-11
mm. longis, bracteis lateralibus parvis 2—3 dispersis v. in collare
ad medium pedicellum ternatis: corpore receptaculi 6-9 mm.
lato (10-12 mm. vivo), subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus parvis
1-3 praedito, ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus 34 planis
occluso: setis internis copiosis, 0.5-1 mm. longis: cellulis
scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori ? Flores feminei
sessiles: tepalis 4, pallide rubris, glabris liberis oblongis, ovario
fusco-rubro sessili v. substipitato equalibus: stylo rubro, gyno-
basali, glabro. Cystolitha hypogena. Papua.

F. erythrospermae affinis, sed omnibus partibus minor, stipulis-
que non caducis.
Brass 23560 (Milne Bay District), 27510 (Misima Isl.); Carr

14639, 14989 (Boridi; 14989, typus herb. Singapore).

F. funiculosa Corner sp. nov.—F. trichoneura Diels v. lachnocarpa
Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 230.—Arbor —25 m. alta,
cortice brunneo v. rufobrunneo, latice albido, foliis spiraliter
dispositis v. subdistichis. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis albi-
dis v. fulvis plus minus patentibus 1-2 mm. longis dense tomen-
tosi, etiam pilis flexuosis numerosis intertextis: lamina supra
mox glabrescens. Ramuli 2.5—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae 12-20 mm.
longae, late lanceolatae, connatae, caducae. Lamina 9-23 x
6-18 cm., ovata, late elliptica v. subobovata, apice breviter et
obtusiuscule acuminata -12 mm. longo, basi subcordata, rotun-
data, v. late cuneata, integra, laevis, subcoriacea, sicco brunnea:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-11, obliquis, saepe ad furcas
marginem versus subtus glandulatis, intercostis 6—11, subtus

30

Vol. XVIII. (1960). \

leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-5, ad 1—} lami-

nae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 15-45 2-4 mm.

Receptacula axillaria binata v. solitaria, dense tomentosa: pedi-

cello 4-12 & 2.5 mm., bracteis lateralibus 1—2 parvis dispersis,

raro in collarem instructis: corpore receptaculi 20-30 mm. Jato

(tomento excluso: -45 mm. vivo), depresso-globoso, bracteis

lateralibus parvis 1-3 dispersis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus

numerosis, ut in disco 2.5-4 mm. lato, occluso: setis internis

1-2.5 mm. longis, copiosis mollibus subflexuosis: cellulis sclero-

ticis nullis, v. in strato rec. cecid. interno numerosis. Tepala 3—4

libera glabra lanceolata rubra. Flores masculi ordinibus 2-3

ostiolares sessiles: tepalis spathulatis: stamine uno. Flores ceci-

diophora sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: tepalis ovario sessili v.

longistipitato, rubro v. rubromarginato, plus minus equalibus.

Flores feminei sessiles: tepalis ovario sessili v. longistipitato rub-

romarginato v. rubromaculato multo brevioribus: stylo subgyno-

basali. Semina 1.7—1.9 mm. longa, multo compressa, auriculi-
formia, obtuse carinata. + pecan hypogena. New Guinea,

New Britain.

F.. trichocerasae Diels affinis, sed tomentosior et receptaculis
majoribus.

Beccari s.n. (Ramoi; R.Ist. Fir. 9324); Brass 24002, 24106
(Milne Bay District), 27283 (Fergusson Isl.); BW 2525, 2767
(Manokwari); Hoogland 3555 (Terr. New Guinea, Northern Dis-
trict, typus herb. Leiden), 4237 (T.N.G., Northern District);
Ledermann 7922 (typus, F. trichoneura v. lachnocarpa); NGF
7031 (New Britain, eee J. C. Saunders 450 (T.N.G.,
Madang District).

F. trichocerasa Diels var. glabristipula Corner v. nov.—Stipulae
glabrae. Receptacula pedunculo saepe breviori 1—2.5 (—4) mm.
longo: cellulis scleroticis in strato rec. fem. interno numerosis.
Tepala oblongo-spathulata. Flores cecidiophori pedicellis —2
mm. longis praediti. Flores feminei stylo fere gynobasali. Papua.
Brass 23257 (Milne Bay District, typus, Gray herb. Harvard);
Brass 27468 (Misima Isl.), 28447 (Rossel Isl.); Carr 14162
(Alola).

F. erythrosperma Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 226,
293.—F. pycnoneura Laut. et K. Schum, Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb.
Suds. (1901) 275.—F. lachnocarpa Warb. in Laut. et K. Schum
Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1905) 243.—F. xantho-
xyla Summerh. J. Arn. Arb. 10 (1929) 154.—Miquel’s syn-
types (Forsten, Tondano, and Riedel, Menado, H.B. 5814) are

31

Gardens Bulletin, S.

cat Leiden and Utrecht and leave no doubt of their identity with
F. pycnoneura. Forsten’s collection is the better and should be
regarded as the holotype at Leiden. There are nine more recent
collections from Celebes.

SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. NEOMORPHE KING

Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 1 (1887) 2; 1, 2 (1888) 165.—
Dioecious. Perianth of free or more or less gamophyllous tepals,
red to brownish. Male flowers ostiolar: stamens 2, filaments shortly
joined, anthers more or less mucronate. Gall—and female stigma
simple. Seed lenticular, smooth, slightly keeled. Cystoliths hypo-
genous. Large buttressed trees, mostly cauliflorous. Figs peduncu-
late with a collar of three basal bracts, no lateral bracts: mostly
without sclerotic cells in the wall. 6 spp., India and South China
to Solomon Isl. and Queensland. Type:—F. variegata Bl.

I have redefined this section as intended by King. He put fifteen
species into it, but five must be referred to other sections which
he maintained, four are conspecific with others, two are false
species, and four remain as the foundation of the section. Thus:—

F. macrocarpa Wight and F. guttata (Wight) King are a variety
of F. laevis Bl. (sect. Rhizoclaude Endl.).

F. grandis King, F. d’Albertisii King, F. pomifera Wall. ex King
belong to sect. Sycocarpus Miq (Covellia Gasp.).

F. glomerata Roxb. belongs to subgen. Sycomorus Miq. and has
F. acidula King, F. henrici King, and F. lanceolata B. Ham. as F.
racemosa Linn. v. elongata King.

F. aruensis King consists of the twigs and leaves of F. arfakensis
King (sect. Sycocarpus Mig.) mounted by error with the figs of
F. wassa Roxb. (sect. Sycidium Mig.), and is not, therefore, re-
presentative of a living plant.

F.. clarkeana King consists of the twigs and leaves of F. tincteria
Forst. f. ssp. parasitica (Willd.) Corner with the figs of F. race-
mosa Linn, and from the description is clearly a mistake of col-
lecting the epiphytic F. tinctoria and the cauliflorous figs of its host
as being one plant: it is a fudge.

F. variegata Bl., with F. sycomoroides Miq. as a variety of it,
F. nodosa Teysmn. et Binn., and F. roxburghi Miq., which is F.
auriculata Lour., remain to define the section.

The section, thus emended, must be divided into two series Varie-
gatae and Auriculatae, which show alliance with subgen. Sycomo-
rus in the first case and sect. Sycocarpus in the second. Ser.
Variegatae are larger buttressed cauliflorous trees with the free

32

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

tepals, subsessile flowers, and compressed male flowers with two
stamens as in subgen. Sycomorus, but they are dioecious and geo-
graphically isolated from the African region which is the centre of
subgen. Sycomorus. Ser. Auriculatae, in contrast, consists of the
one species F. auriculata Lour., which is so close to F. oligodon
Mig. (sect. Sycocarpus) that the two species seem to interbreed in
Indochina. To include Ser. Auriculatae in sect. Sycidium would
destroy the precise character of the entire perianth which fits all
the many species of sect. Sycidium. Here is a matter for resolution.

Ser. Variegatae can be divided, likewise, into two subseries. That
which I call subser. Laciniatae has the laciniate tepals so charac-
teristic of subgen. Sycomorus, but it is the New Guinea group
which is furthest removed geographically from the African subgen.
Sycomorus. Here is another matter for resolution.

ser. Auriculatae Corner ser. nov.—Flores feminei et cecidiophori
longepedicellati: tepalis rubris, integris, liberis v. breviter conna-
tis: ovario albido: stylo femineo longo piloso. 1 sp., F. auriculata
Lour.

ser. Variegatae Corner ser. nov.—sect. Neomorphe King sub-
sect. Subcrassiusculifoliae Sata (lectotypus, F. variegata Bl.) et
subsect. Tenuifoliorae Sata (lectotypus, F’. garciae Elmer) Monogr.
(1944) 362, 364, 386.—Flores feminei et cecidiophori plus minus
sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: ovario rufo-brunneo: stylo glabro,
brevi. Flores masculi compressi. Typus:—F. variegata BI.

subser. Variegatae.—Tepela integra. Receptacula processibus
floriferis internis deficientibus: bracteis basalibus brevibus, 1-2
mm. longis. Typus:—F. variegata BI.

subser. Laciniatae Corner suber. nov.—Tepala laciniato-dentata.

Receptacula processibus floriferis internis praedita: bracteis basali-
bus 2-5 mm. longis. Typus:—F. nodosa Teysm. et Bin.

ser. Variegatae Corner subser. Variegatae

F. variegata Bl. var. garciae (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F.

garcieae Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 550.

var. ilangoides (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F. ilangoides El-
mer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9 (1937) 3445.

var. sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. sycomoroides
Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 230, 295.

None of these shows more than variation in leaf-shape, vein-

number, or fig-shape and, as intermediates are frequent, I cannot
maintain them as species.

33

Gardens Bulletin, S.

ser. Variegatae subser. Laciniatae Corner

F. robusta Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —33 m. alta, ut F. variegata sed
cortice pallide cremeo-viridi. Folia longepetiolata spiraliter dis-
posita. Omnes partes primo pilis brunneolis erectis —1 (-1.5)
mm. longis hispido-tomentosae, glabrescentes, v. ramuli et
petioli primo glabri: nervuli subtus pilis brevibus albidis villo-
suli. Ramuli 6—9 mm. crassi. Stipulae -20 mm. longae, brunneo-
sericeae. Lamina —40 35 cm., ovato-cordata, apice rotundata
v. obtusa, basi alte cordata, denticulata v. integra, membranacea
dein subcoriacea, supra scabrida, subtus hispido-villoso: costis
lateralibus utrinsecus 5—6, intercostis numerosis strictis, subtus
elevatis: costis basalalibus utrinsecus 3 (—4), ad 4-4 laminae
elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 6—20 cm. longo. Recep-
tacula ad ramulos efoliatos -16 cm. « 10—25 mm., praecipue
ad partem trunci superiorem cauliflora et ramiflora: pedunculo
10-25 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2 mm. longis, ovatis, ob-
tusis v. subacutis, caducis: corpore receptaculi 25-40 mm. lato
(40-60 mm., vivo), pyriformi, brunneolo-hispido dein glabro,
ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus 3—5 occluso: setis inter-
nis copiosis brunneolis: pariete crasso (10-15 mm. vivo), pro-
cessibus floriferis internis praedito, cellulis scleroticis paucis in
strato interno. Flores masculi ordinibus nonnullis ostiolares,
sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio gamophyllo: stamini-
bus (1—) 2, filamentis breviter connatis, pistillodio saepe plus
minus evoluto. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicello —3 mm.
longo praediti: tepalis 3, liberis v. breviter connatis, lanceolatis
integris v. plerumque laciniato-dentatis. Cystolitha hypogena.
New Guinea, in silvis -400 m. alt.

F. nodosae Teysm. et Bin. affinis, sed indumento hispido, lamina
supra scabrida, bracteis basalibus caudicis, setis internis copiosis,
floribus majoribus, perianthio plus minus gamophyllo differt.

Carr 16323 (Papua, Kokoda); NIFS bb. 31341 (Hollandia) ;
BW 432 (Manokwari); Hort. Bog. cult. XV J.B. XXIX 8 (ex
New Guinea: typus, herb. Bogor).

F. semivestita Corner sp. nov.—-Arbor —38 m. alta, cortice griseo-
viridi v. brunneolo. Folia longiuscule petiolata spiraliter dis-
posita. Ramuli, petioli, costae (subtus) et receptacula pilis
fulvidulis 0.5 mm. longis rectis v. flexuosis breviter villosi.
Ramuli 4—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae —12 mm. longae, fulvo-sericeae.
Lamina 12-24 x 8-18 cm., ovata, acuta v. subacuminata, basi

34

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

altiuscule cordata, integra, membranacea dein subcoriacea,
supra laevis, subtus villosa: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7,
intercostis strictis —11, subtus valde elevatis: costis basalibus
utrinsecus 3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis parvis basalibus
2: petiolo 25-70 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria solitaria (an
ramiflora ?), villosa, glabrescentia: pedunculo 17-20 mm. longo:
bracteis basalibus 5 mm. longis, caducis: corpore receptaculi
30-40 mm. lato, subgloboso, ostiolo plano bracteis parvis api-
calibus numerosis occluso: setis internis copiosis, 0.5-1 mm.
longis, albidis v. brunneolis: pariete crasso, processibus flori-
feris internis praedito, cellulis seleroticis nullis. Flores masculi
et cecidiophori ut in F’. robusta. Cystolitha hypogena. New Gui-
nea, in silvis —100 m. alt.
F. robustae Corner affinis sed lamina supra laevi, plus minus
acuta, receptaculis axillaribus, bracteis basalibus longioribus.
BW 5724 (Sorong); Clemens 8767 (Morobe); Hoogland 5187
(Terr. New Guinea, Madang distr., Mt. Hellwig); NGF 7358
(Morobe, typus herb. Lae).

35

Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia
and Australasia

VI. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. SYCOCARPUS MIQ.
By E. J. H. CORNER

Botany School, University of Cambridge

Summary

NEW SUBSECTIONS, series, and subseries:—subsect. Auriculis-
perma Corner, ser. Cynaroides Corner, ser. Theophrastoides Cor-
ner, ser. Vitienses Corner; subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner;
subsect. Pomifera Corner, ser. Pomifera Corner, ser. Lepidotae
Corner; subsect. Macrostyla Corner; subsect. Sycocarpus, ser.
Longetuberculatae Sata, ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata, subser.
Praestantes Corner, Calopilinae Corner, Congestae Corner, His-
pidae Corner, Axillares Corner, Fulvidulae Corner, Geocarpicae
Corner.

Earlier or substituted epithets:—F. oligodon Mig. (F. pomi-
fera Wall. ex King), F. squamosa Roxb. (F. saemocarpa Miq.),
F. pachyrrachis Laut. et K. Schum. (F. grandis King), F. congesta
Roxb. (F. fasciculata F.v.M. ex Benth., etc.), F. schwarzii Koord.
(F. miquelii auct.), F. gilapong Miq. (F. hypogaea King).

New species: —F. cynaroides Corner, F. lancibracteata Corner,
F. macrostyla Corner, F. parvibracteata Corner, F. praestans
Corner, F. longibracteata Corner et v. lebetoides Corner, F. bac-
caureoides Corner, F. papuana Corner, F. profusa Corner, F. sub-
limbata Corner, F. tunicata Corner, F. latimarginata Corner, F.
calcarata Corner, F. cereicarpa Corner, F. megaleia Corner, F.
geocharis Corner, F. subterranea Corner, F. tarennifolia Corner,
F. ixoroides Corner, F. pleyteana Corner.

New varieties: —F. dammaropsis Diels v. obtusa Corner; F.
ribes Reinw. var. cuneata (Miq.) Corner et f. stenophylla Corner,
var. serraria (Miq.) Corner; F. botryocarpa Mig. var. linearifolia
(Elmer) Corner, var. subalbidoramea (Elmer) et f. scabrida Cor-
ner; F. pachyrrachis Laut. et K. Schum. var. porrecta Corner; F.
vrieseana Miq. var. vrieseana f. appressipilosa Corner, var.
chamaecarpa (Ridley) Corner et f. obliqua Corner; F. congesta
Roxb. var. chalmersii (King) Corner, var. menadena (Mig. )

36

Vol. XVII. (1960).

Corner; F. hispida Linn. f. var. badiostrigosa Corner, var. rubra
Corner; F. lepicarpa Bl. var. brevibracteata Corner, var. pedun-
culata Corner, var. suluensis Corner; F. uncinata Becc. var. gra-
cilis Corner, var. parva Corner, var. pilosior Corner, var. strigosa
Corner, var. truncata Corner; F.. beccarii var. asymmetrica Corner,
var. latifolia Corner; F. septica Burm. f. var. cauliflora Corner,
var. salicifolia Corner; F. fistulosa Reinw. var. lucbanensis
(Elmer) Corner; F. dimorpha Corner v. scabra Corner.

subgen Ficus sect. Sycocarpus Miq.

Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, 1 (1844) 33; emend. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
1, 2 (1859) 322.—Gonusuke Raf. Sylv. Tellur. (1838) 58.—
Sycomorphe Miq. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 1 (1844, January) 35.—
Covellia Gasp. Parl. Giorn. Bot. 2 (1844) 218; Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. 3, 3 (1845) 347; emend. Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848)
458.—Cystogyne Gasp. id. 217, etc.—Ficus sect. Sycomorphe
(Miq.) Endl. et sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. 4,
2 (1847) 34, 35.—Covellia Gasp. sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Miq.
Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 468.—Covellia Gasp. sect. Euco-
vellia Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 322, et sect. Paracovellia
Mig. id. 325.—Ficus subgen. Covellia (Gasp.) Miq. sect. Covellia
(Gasp.) Mig. et sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 296.—Ficus sect. Covellia (Gasp.) Benth.
et Hook. Gen. Pl. 3 (1880) 369; King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc.
1 (1887) 2, 97. ;

This section is usually known as Covellia, but the names
Sycocarpus, Sycomorphe, and Cystogyne have priority. As first
published (1844) Covellia had only one species, C. ulmifolia
Gasp., which, as F. ulmifolia Lam., belongs to sect. Sycidium. In
the next year, Gasparrini added C. oppositifolia Gasp., which, as
F. hispida Linn. f., was used by Miquel (1848) to emend the
genus to the customary sense of sect. Covellia, but this would now
seem to be illegal emendation. Sycocarpus, as first published, was
a mixture of species now referred to subgen. Urostigma and sect.
Sycidium, Ficus, Neomorphe, and Covellia, but Miquel (1859)
reduced Sycocarpus to the genus Covellia Gasp., thereby showing
that he considered C. daemona Koen. (= F. hispida Linn. f.) or
F. congesta Roxb. as the representative species; the others he had
already in 1848 placed in other sections or genera. Miquel (1848),
also illegally, as it now appears, reduced Sycomorphe (1844) to
Covellia, though Endlicher (1847) had reduced Covellia to Ficus
sect. Sycomorphe. I see no reason to advocate the conservation of
the erroneously interpreted sect. Covellia.

37

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Gonusuke, Sycomorphe, Covellia emend. Miq., and sect. Syco--
carpus emend. Miq. are typified by F. hispida Linn. f. or its syno--
nyms. Cystogyne is typified by F. septica Burm. f. (= F. leucos-
ticta). Sect. Paracovellia is typified by F. ribes Reinw. ex BI.

The chief character of the section, to which the same Cystogyne’
referred, is the entirely gamophyllous perianth. In the male flower

the perianth is saccate and covers one or, less often, two stamens.
In the gall- and female flowers it is saccate, cupular, and variously
reduced to an annulus round the stalk of the ovary, and in a few

species it is absent, though the stamens are never naked. The re-

duction of the perianth in the gall-flower is often much less than
in the female flower of the same species.

I divide the section into 5 subsections, 7 series, and 8 subseries..
There are about 64 species in tropical Asia and Australasia as far
as Fiji, 52 of which occur in Malaysia.

subsect. Auriculisperma Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 1.4—2 mm.
longa, subcompressa, saepe auriculiformia, hilo non prominenti,
obtuse carinata, laevia. Perianthium rubrum v. albidum.
Stamina 1 v. 2. Ovarium rubrum v. albidum: stylo glabro.
Receptacula basi tribracteata, bracteis lateralibus evolutis v.
nullis: setis internis nullis. Folia spiraliter disposita. Solomon Isl.
Fiji, 6 spp. Typus:—F. cynaroides Corner.

ser. Cynaroides Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula sessilia, bracteis:
basalibus 7-15 mm. longis, apicalibus projicientibus. Stamina 2.
Pili brunnei. Stipulae grandes. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl.
2 spp. Typus:—F. cynaroides Corner.

ser. Theophrastoides Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula peduncu-
lata, bracteis basalibus 3-9 mm. longis, apicalibus haud proji-
cientibus. Stamen 1. Glabra v. albido-pilosa. Stipulae grandes.
Lamina maxima obovata, Cystolitha amphigena v. hypogena.
Arbuscula pachycaulis, haud v. vix ramosa, cauliflora. Solomon:
Isl., Fiji, 1 sp. F. theophrastoides Seem.

ser. Vitienses Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula pedunculata,
bracteis basalibus 1-4 mm. longis, apicalibus haud projicientibus.
Stamen 1. Glabra v. albido-pilosa. Stipulae parvae caducae.
Cystolitha amphigena. Solomon Isl., Fiji, 3 spp. Typus:—F. viti-
ensis Seem.

subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner comb. nov.—Damma-
ropsis Warb. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 296.—Semina 1.5
mm. longa, breviter oblonga, subcarinata laevia, hilo non pro-
minenti. Perianthium rubrum. Stamina 2, filamentis liberis.

38

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

Ovarium albidum. Receptacula maxima axillaria sessilis, brac-
teis lateralibus magnis obtecta, basalibus haud distinctis, intus
processibus floriferis bene evolutis: setis internis nullis. Lamina
maxima suborbicularis v. obovata. New Guinea, 1 sp. F. dam-
maropsis Diels.

subsect. Pomifera Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 1—1.5 m.m. longa,
lentiformia subcompressa, vix carinata, laevia, hilo non v. vix
prominenti. Perianthium rubrum. Stamina 2, filamentis liberis
v. breviter connatis, vel 1. Ovarium albidum, cecidiophorum
et femineum perianthio toto obtecto. Receptacula pedunculata,
basi tribracteata: setis internis minutis. v. nullis: cellulis sclero-
ticis nullis (v. paucis, F. microdictya Diels). Folia spiraliter dis-
posita. Systolitha hypogena. Terra firma Asiatica et New Guinea,
4 spp. Typus:—F. oligodon Mia.

ser. Pomiferae Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula axillaria v. cauli-
flora, saepe magna, bracteis lateralibus nullis. Stamina 2 (-1).
Stylus valde lateralis, glabra. Arbores —20 m. altae. 3 spp. Typus:
F. oligodon Miq.

ser. Lepidotae Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula bracteis lateralibus
praedita. Stamen 1. Stylus pilosus, subterminalis. Frutex (? arbus-
cula). Burma, Thailand, 1 sp. F. griffithii Miq.

subsect. Macrostyla Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 0.9-1.2 mm.
longa, sublentiformia, plus minus carinata, laevia, hilo non Vv.
vix- prominenti. Perianthium albidum, femineum et cecidiop-
phorum perbreve. Stamen 1. Ovarium fusco-rubrum. Styli
feminei longissimi 6-15 mm., receptaculi cavernam implentes,
pilis deflexis vestiti ad margines ovarii quoque decurrentibus.
Receptacula bracteis lateralibus praedita: setis internis nullis
v. brevibus: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Folia lanceolata spiraliter
disposita, glandulis nullis. Frutices riparii. Cystolitha hypogena.
Sino-Himalaya, Sarawak, 2 spp. Typus:—F. macrostyla Corner.

subsect. Sycocarpus.—Ficus sect. Covellia (Gasp.) Miq. subsect.
Communiflorae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 293, 382 (ut Communi-
siiflorae; lectotype F. repandifolia Elmer ).—sect. Pseudopalma
Elmer subsect. Covelliae-pseudopalmae Sata,; Monogr. (1944)
320, 384 (lectotypus, F. multistipularis Merr.).—Semina 0.6—
1.3 mm. longa, sublentiformia, plus minus carinata, laevia, as-
pera v. tuberculata, hilo prominenti (praeter F. francisci Wink1.)
Perianthium albidum, tenuissimum. Stamen 1 (-—2 in F. calo-
pilina Diels). Ovarium fusco-rubrum (albidum in F. gilapong):
stylo haud elongato, subterminali. Spp. 51. Typus:—F. hispida
Linn. f.

39

Gardens Bulletin, S-

ser. Longetuberculatae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 294, 382.—
Covellia Gasp. sect. Paracovellia Miq. et subgen. Covellia (Gasp. )
Miq. sect. Paracovellia Miq. |.c.—Cystolitha amphigena. Malaya
usque ad New Britain (praeter Borneo ubi adhuc nondum col-
lectae), 4 spp. Typus:—F. ribes Reinw. ex BI.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 298, 383.—
sect. Sycidium ser. Harlandifoliae Sata id. 253, 255, 380 (lecto-
typus, F. benguetensis Merr.), et ser. Eusyceifoliae Sata, id. 257,
381 (lectotypus, F. hauili Blanco) .—Cystolitha hypogena. Pakis-
tan, Ceylon, usque ad ins. Solomon et Queensland, 46 spp. Typus:
—F. repandifolia Elmer (F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Bl.).

subser. Praestantes Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei. Folia
longipetiolata spiraliter disposita. Receptacula cauliflora, bracteis
lateralibus magnis obtecta: setis internis nullis. New Britain,
Solomon Isl., 2 spp. Typus:—F. praestans Corner.

subser. Calopilinae Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei v. pur-
purei. Folia plerumque brevipetiolata, spiraliter disposita, disticha.
V. opposita. Receptacula cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis laterali-
bus raris: setis internis copiosis. Malaya usque ad ins. Solomon
(praeter ins. Philippine), 12 spp. Typus:—¥F. calopilina Diels.

subser. Congestae Corner subser. nov.—sect. Sycidium Miq.
ser. Harlandifoliae Sata et sect. Pseudopalmae Elmer subsect.
Covelliae-pseudopalmae Sata, 1.c_—Glabra vel albido- v. brunneo-
pilosa. Folia plus minus brevipetiolata, spiraliter disposita v. sub-
opposita. Receptacula cauliflora, bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis
internis paucis v. nullis. Malaya usque ad New Guinea, 6 spp.
Typus:—F. congesta Roxb.

subser. Hispidae Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei v. albidi.
Folia spiraliter disposita, plerumque opposita et scabrida. Recep-
tacula cauliflora, plerumque in racemis ramosis elongatis penden-
tibus, v. geocarpia, saepe bracteis lateralibus parvis praedita: setis
internis nullis. Pakistan, Ceylon usque ad New Guinea et
Queensland (praeter ins. Philippine), 2 spp. Typus:—F. hispida
Linn. f.

subser. Axillares Corner subser. nov.—Pili albidi, brunnei, v.
purpurei, etiam glabrae. Folia plerumque brevipetiolata, spiraliter
disposita v. subopposita, in speciebus nonnullis pandurata gros-
sedentata. Receptacula axillaria, saepe bracteis lateralibus parvis
praedita: bracteis basalibus conspicuis 4-16 mm. longis: setis
internis paucis minutis v. nullis. Burma usque ad New Guinea,
5 spp. Typus:—F. decipiens Reinw. ex BI.

40

Vol. XVII. (1960).

subser. Fulvidulae Corner subser. nov.—Pili fulviduli pallidi
tomentosi molles. Folia longipetiolata spiraliter disposita. Recep-
tacula ad basim trunci cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis lateralibus
numerosis, paucis v. nullis: setis internis plerumque copiosis.
Sumatra, Borneo, 3 spp. Typus:—F. cereicarpa Corner.

subser. Geocarpicae Corner subser. nov.—Pili albidi v. brunnei.
Folia brevipetiolata, saepe asymmetrica, disticha. Receptacula
geocarpica ad ramulos stoloniferos, plerumque bracteis lateralibus
conspicuis praedita: setis internis nullis (praeter F. treubii King).
Perianthium saepe perbreve v. in floribus femineis nullum. Malaya,
Lingga, Borneo, Celebes, 8 spp. Typus:—F. geocarpa Mia.

subser. Tuberculifasciculatae.—sect. Sycidium ser. Euscycei-
foliae Sata |.c.—Glabrae v. pilis albidis v. brunneis appressis tenue
vestitae. Folia longi—v. brevipetiolata spiraliter disposita, oppo-
sita, v. disticha, saepe angusta: intercostis saepe paucis laxis. Re-
ceptacula axillaria, cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis lateralibus
nullis: bracteis basalibus brevibus: setis internis paucis v. nullis.
India usque ad ins. Solomon, 9 spp. Typus:—F. repandifolia
Elmer (F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Bl.).—Species reliquae propriis in-
signibus nullis.

subsect. Auriculisperma Corner ser. Cynaroides Corner

F. cynaroides Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta. Folia longipe-
tiolata spiraliter disposita, conferta. Ramuli, petioli, et costa
media (supra) pilis rigidis 2-6 mm. longis brunneo-purpureis
strigosi, receptacula brevioribus 1—2 mm. longis; nervi subtus
minute et dense puberuli. Ramuli 10-12 mm. crassi. Stipulae
7-12 cm. K 20-25 mm., longissimae, persistentes, imbricatae,
alabastrum et receptacula obtegentes, dense pallide sericeae.
Lamina 20-40 « 10-23 cm., elliptica subovata v. subobovata,
breviter acuminata, basi later cuneata, integra, tenue coriacea.
laevis v. subtus subscabrida, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus
utrinsecus 9-13 (—14), intercostis 10-22 strictis, subtus leviter
elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3, ad 1 laminae elongatis,
glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 20-120 « 4-5 mm., glandula
subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria stipulis obtecta binata
sessilia compressa hispida: bracteis basalibus 3-4, 7-15 x
2—3.5 mm., lanceolatis, appresse brunneo-pilosis: corpore recep-
taculi 16-23 mm. lata (22 * 26 mm. vivo), depresso-globoso,
bracteis lateralibus nullis, bracteis 6-8 apicalibus 4-6 mm.
longis erectis v. incurvis, pilosis, ovato-lanceolatis: setis internis

41

Gardens Bulletin, S.

et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus
instructi, perianthio saccato: staminibus 2, antheris mucronatis,
filamentis liberis. Flores cecidiophori et feminei sessiles v.
stipitaiti: perianthio cupulari integro, saepe obliquo, 4 ovarii
fusco-rubri tegenti v. feminei breviori: stylo glabro. Semina
1.4-1.6 « 1 X 0.8 mm., auriculiformia laevia, hilo non pro-
minenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl. (Bougainville), in
silvis frequens.
Species distinctissima F. lancibracteatae Corner affinis. Ramuli,
ut videtur, capitulis cynaroidibus terminati.
Kajewski 1856 (typus, herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse 202,
B265, 578, 845.

F. lancibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —12 m. alta, foliis longi-
petiolatis spiraliter dispositis (? suboppositis). Ramuli, petioli,
laminae margines, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneo-purpureis
rigidis strigoso-hispidi, pilis ad ramulos petiolosque 3—7 mm.
longis, ad costas subtus 1—2 mm. longis: nervuli pallide puberuli:
lamina supra appresse pallido-pilosa. Ramuli 4 mm. crassi.
Stipulae 20-30 mm. longae, caducae, glabrae v. ad basim
setosae. Lamina 10-15 x 6-9 cm., elliptica, apice acuminata
—10 mm. longo, basi cuneata v. rotundato-cuneata, denticulata
v. subintegra, membranacea, laevis, sicco brunnea: costis latera-
libus utrinsecus 7—8, intercostis strictis —9, subtus elevatis: costis
basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basa-
libus nullis: petiolo 18-75 2 mm., glandula subnodali nulla.
Receptacula axillaria sessilia, 15 mm. lata, glabra v. primo
tenue brunneo-pilosa, bracteis lateralibus lanceolatis glabris
numerosis —12 mm. longis praedita, bracteis apicalibus con-
fertis erectis: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores
feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: periantho cupulari bre-
Vissimo stipitem ovarii fusco-rubri amplectanti: stylo laterali
glabro. Semina 1.4—1.5 x 0.6 mm., auriculiformia compressa,
obtuse carinata, laevia, hilo non prominenti. Cystolitha hypo-
gena. Solomon Isl. (Bougainville.)

Receptacula ut in F. macrostyla Corner et F. longibracteata
Corner, sed semina diversa. Semel collecta sed “‘in silvis frequens”
notata.

Kajewski 2032 (Buin, typus herb. Kew).

subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner

F. dammaropsis Diels var. obtusa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula
8-13 cm. lata (bracteis exclusis): bracteis lateralibus -35 Xx
70 mm., fere semicircularibus, obtusissimis: pariete 4-6 mm.
crassi, prope ostiolum 10-12 mm. Terr. New Guinea, Papua.

42

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

Brass 23340 (Milne Bay District, Mt. Dayman); Carr 13942
(Yodda River, typus herb. Br. Mus.); Hoogland 6138 (Mt. Ha-
gen); NGF 1113 et 3396 (Aujura), 3047 (Partep), 7501
(Morobe, Bulolo Valley). .

subsect. Pomifera Corner

F. oligodon Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 234, 297.—
F. pomifera Wall. ex King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2
(1888) 171, p. 215, non Kurz: Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc.,
11 (1933) 46, f. 24.

subsect. Macrostyla Corner

F. squamosa Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 531.—F. saemocarpa Miq.
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 232, 296.—There is a
specimen of Roxburgh’s in herb. Martti, Brussels, named “F.
squamosa” by Roxburgh, which I take to be the type.

F. macrostyla Corner sp. nov.—Frutex, foliis brevipetiolatis
spiraliter dipsositis. Ramuli, petioli, et stipulae pilis fusco-
brunneis appressis 0.5—1 mm. longis dense vestiti, costa utrimque
pilis sparsis brevioribus glabrescens: nervuli glabri. Ramuli 3
mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, anguste
lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina 9-18 x 2.5—4 cm., obovato-
lanceolata, acuta, ad basim angustum attenuata, integra, laevis,
sicco griseo-viridis v. brunneola: costis lateralibus utrinsecus
8-11, obliquis, intercostis —8, subtus haud v. vix elevatis: costis
basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis nullis: petiolo 12—35
x 2-2.5 mm. Receptacula axillaria (? ramiflora), ? solitaria,
25 xX 20 mm. (bracteis inclusis), bracteis lanceolatis rectis
planis numerosis appresse brunneo-pilosis -—17 x 6 mm., toto
obtecta, basim versus bracteis brevioribus -6 x 3 mm., ad
pedunculum (?) 1-2 mm. longum attenuata, bracteis basalibus
ternatis deficientibus, ostiolo ?; setis internis paucis brunneis:
cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei subsessiles: perianthio
cupulari brevissimo hispiduloso: ovario plus minus stipitato,
brunneo, marginibus utrisque pilis deflexis hispidis: stylo 12—15
mm. longo, pilis deflexis puberulis, apicem versus pilis confertis
patentibus. Semina 1 x 0.6 mm., subcompressa, lentiformia
carinata laevia, hilo non prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena.
Sarawak (Saribas, riparia, Haviland 3601, typus herb. Kew).

_ Species insignis, specimine unico, F. squamosae Roxb. affinis ©

sed in omnibus partibus diversa.

43

Gardens Bulletin, S.

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Longetuberculatae Sata

F. ribes Reinw. ex BI. var. cuneata (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—
Covellia cuneata Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 466, t.
8B.—F. cuneata Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 297.

f. stenophylla Corner f. nov.—Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9
(1937) 3436 (ut F. linearifolia Elmer).—Lamina 5-15 0.8-
2.4 cm., lineari-lanceolata. Philippines.

Elmer 14514 (typus herb. Copenhagen), 14949, 17726; Bur.
Sci. 24872; PNH 37136; Sablaya 57.

var. serraria (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—F. serraria Miq. FI.
Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 428.—Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus)
pilis rigidis erectis fusco-brunneis 1-3 mm. longis strigoso-villosi,
nervuli subtus sparsim appresse albido-puberuli, laminae pagina
superior pilis albidis appressis sparsa. Lamina serrato-dentata v.
subintegra. Stylus femineus glaber. Sumatra.

Ut F. vrieseana Mia. villosior, sed cystolithis amphigenis copio-
sis ut F. ribes.

Teysmann 738 (Batang Baroes, typus herb. Utrecht); Achmad
86 (Simaloer); Bangham 748, 952 (Siantar-Berastagi; det. F.
obscura Bl.); Bartlett 10403, 10608 (Toba); Bunnemeyer 655,
10332 (Koerintje); Lorzing 1701, 6797, 9715 (Karoland), 8857,
8862 (Toba); Nielsen 1252 (Pintan); NIFS bb. 7161: Sing. F.n.
16302 (Berastagi); v. Steenis 5924.

F. botryocarpa Miq. v. linearifolia (Elmer) Corner com. nov.—
F. linearifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 257:—F.
cervina Elmer, id. 2 (1908) 543.—This is merely a lanceolate,
willow-leafed variety or form of F. botryocarpa.

Elmer 7428 (type), 7604, 9364, 10179 (type, F. cervina);
Baker 2633; Bur. Sci. 2633, 22104, 33874, 76439; PNH 18286.

var. subalbidoramea (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F. mindo-
rensis Merr. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 12.—F. sordi-
dissima Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1268.—F. subalbi-
doramea Elmer, id. 7 (1914) 2389.—This is the state with short,
pale, appressed hairs which is commonly, but erroneously, called
F. conora King. The type of this species must be the collection of
Beccari s.n. (Acqui Conora, Ternate), which is typical F. botryo-
carpa with dark brown spreading hairs.

f. scabrida Corner f. nov—Lamina subtus scabrida. Pili erecti
hispido-villosi albidi v. brunneoli —1 mm. longi. New Guinea, New
Britain.

44

Vol. XVII. (1960).

‘Barclay 3561 (New Guinea); Beccari 388 (New Guinea,
Ramoi); L. S. Gibbs 6172 (Manokwari, det. F. brachiata King) ;
Kanehira et Hatusima 13430 (Manokwari); Kostermans 449
(Manokwari, typus herb. Leiden); Lauterbach 2548; NGF 3493
(New Britain), 4310 (Morobe); J. C. Saunders 41 (Terr. New
Guinea, Northern District).

F. parvibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta, foliis longi-
uscule petiolatis spiraliter disposita. Ramuli, petioli, costae
nervulique subtus, stipulae, et receptacula pilis albidis appressis

__ tenue vestiti. Ramuli 3 mm. crassi, pallide cremei. Stipulae —15
mm. longae, caducae. Lamina —20 7 cm., anguste elliptica,
apice abrupte acuminata v. caudata —10 mm. longo, basi
anguste cuneata, integra, membranacea, utrimque subscabrida,
sicco griseo-virids: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-7, obliquis,

intercostis —9, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus 1, brevibus,
glandulis nullis: petiolo —50 mm., gracili. Receptacula ad
ramulos efoliatos laxe paniculatos —25 cm. longos, basi 4-5 mm.
crassos, internodis —15 mm. iongis, cauliflora: pedunculo 3-5
mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-5 « 2.5—4 mm., ovato-
acutis: pedicello 0; corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. lato, sub-
globoso, bracteis lateralibus nonnullis appressis praedito, api-
calibus 5 appressis: setis internis —1 mm. longis, brunneis,
copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis.
Flores masculi ordine uno instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidio-
phori perianthio ovarium rufo-brunneum obtegenti. Cystolitha
amphigena. Celebes (Kjellberg 2640, B. Porema, 1,500 m. alt.;
typus, herb. Stockholm). |
Receptacula ut F. ribes sed bracteis lateralibus praedita, basali-

bus majoribus. Folia spiraliter instructa et longiuscule petiolata ut

F. cassidyana. Elmer.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Praestantes Corner

F. praestans Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis longipe-
tiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, costae
(subtus) pilis appressis aureo- v. fusco-brunneis rigidis 1-2 mm.
longis dense vestiti, nervuli subtus pilis brevioribus albidis.
Ramuli 7—12 mm. crassi, brunnei, glabrescentes. Stipulae 20-60:
x 12-25 mm., late lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina —48

. 28 cm., elliptico-obovata, apice acuminata —15 mm. longo, ad
basim subcordatum v. cuneatum attenuata v. sublyrata, denti-
culata v. subintegra, membranacea, supra sparsim appresse
albido-pilosa, subtus subscabrida, sicco brunneola: costis

45

Gardens Bulletin, S.

lateralibus utrinsecus 10-12, intercostis strictis —13, subtus
elevatis; costis basalibus utrinsecus 3—4, brevibus, glandulis nul-
lis: petiolo 30-110 & 4-5 mm. Receptacula ad ramos efoliatos
crassos, vix ramosos, —-40 cm. * 10—22 mm., internodis haud
evolutis, receptaculorum cicatricibus armatos, apice stipulatos,
cauliflora: pedunculo 8-12 * 3 mm.; corpore receptaculi 25
mm. lato, depresso-globoso, mox glabro, bracteis lateralibus
numerosis ut stipulas toto obtecto, apicem versus bracteis mino-
ribus, basim versus subverticillatis: setis internis minutis sparsis
brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis.
Flores masculi ordine uno instructi, breviter pedicellati, brac-
teolis 2: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori pedicellati: perian-
thio ovarium tegenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain (Keravat,
NGF 3407, typus herb. Lae).

Seminibus incognitis species magnifica sedis incertae, forsan F.

longibracteatae Corner affinis, sed receptaculis debracteatis F.
pachyrhachis K. Schum. verisimilis.

F. longibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis longi-
petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus)
pilis albidis v. brunneis —1 (—1.5) mm. longis appressis tenue
vestiti, nervuli subtus pilis brevioribus. Ramuli 5—7 mm. crassi,
brunnei, glabri v. nodis sparsim pilosi. Stipulae 20-95 « 12-22
mm., grandes, late lanceolatae, subcaducae. Lamina 17-33
11-25 cm., elliptica, breviter et obtusiuscule acuminata, basi
cordata v. rotundato-cuneata, integra, membranacea, laevis,
sicco fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, saepe
glandula axillari praeditis, intercostis —12, subtus elevatis; costis
basalibus utrinsecus 3—4, ad 4-3 laminae elongatis, glandulis
basalibus nullis: petiolo 40-110 « 3-4 mm., glandula sub-
nodali praedito. Receptacula axillaria solitaria et ad ramulos
efoliatos stipulatos —35 cm. longos, 5 mm. latos, internodis 2—4
cm. longis, cauliflora (? geocarpica): pedunculo 3-13 & 2 mm.;
bracteis basalibus 20-30 & 11-15 mm., late lanceolatis, ap-
presse brunneo-pilosis, haud in collare instructis: corpore recep-
taculi 15-22 mm. lato (30-45 mm., vivo, pariete 5—7 mm.
crasso), subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus numerosis lanceolatis
—25 < 15 mm., apicem versus minoribus, obtecto: setis internis
albidis, brevibus, sparsis: cellulis scleroticis nullis v. in strato
parieties rec. fem. interno sparsis. Flores masculi ordinibus 3-4
instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori longipedicellati: perian-
thio ovarium ad basim stigmatis tegenti. Flores feminei plus
minus pedicellati: perianthio cupulari breve ad basim stipitis
ovarii rufo-brunnei: stylo piloso. Semina 1-1.3 « 0.8 * 0.7

46

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

mm., sublentiformia, leviter carinata, subtuberculata, aspera,

hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl. (Bougain-

ville, Guadalcanal, Florida), in silvis primariis et secundariis
_ frequens.

Species insignis, F. complexae Corner (sect. Sycidium) similis.

Brass 3492 (typus, herb. Leiden); E. S. Brown 2705, W/17,
W/199; Kajewski 1864.

var. lebetoides Corner v. nov.—Stipulae breviores, — 35 mm.
longae. Costae laterales utrinsecus pauciores 4-7. Bracteae basales
minores 7-10 < 3—6 mm. Receptacula 14—18 mm. lata, depresso-
globosa, bracteis lateralibus 5-8 mm. longis sparsis, apicalibus
3—6 mm. longis erectis: setis internis nullis. Solomon Isl. (Guadal-
canal, Kajewski 2642, Mt. Tutuve, typus herb. Kew).

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Calopilinae Corner

F. pachyrrhachis Laut. et K. Schum. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds.
(1901) 282.—F. grandis King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2
(1888) 170, pl. 214; non Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat 3
(1867) 315. —F. pachythyrsa Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67
(1935) 215.—I have examined the types of these species, which
are certainly conspecific. Unfortunately King’s name is a later
homonym.

var. porrecta Corner v. nov.—Receptacula ostiolo non depresso,
bracteis apicalibus lanceolatis rectis 3-5 mm. longis nonnullis:
bracteis lateralibus paucis similibus. Ramuli, stipulae, et folia pilis
rigidis appressis. Netherlands New Guinea (Mendawa, BW 682,
typus herb. Leiden).

F. longibracteatae Corner v. lebetoidis Corner similis sed costis.
lateralibus paucioribus, setis internis copiosis.

F. baccaureoides Corner sp. nov.—Arbor — 6m. alta, foliis longi-
uscule petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae
(subtus) pilis albidis v. brunneis 2-4 mm. longis erectis v. de-
curvatis hispidi, ad costas 1-2 mm. longis: nervuli subtus bre-
viter hispiduli: laminae pagina superior pilis albidis rigidis
Sparsim hispido-scabrida. Ramuli 4-5 mm. crassi, ? cavi.
Stipulae 15-30 mm. longae, glabrae, caducae. Lamina 14—30
11-17 cm., obovata, apice breviter acuminata —7 mm. longo.
basi cordata v. rotundato-cuneata, denticulata v. subintegra,
membranacea, utrimque hispido-scabrida, sicco fusco-brunnea:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, marginem versus dichotomis
et glandula axillari ad furcam praeditis, intercostis —12, subtus

47

Gardens Bulletin, S.

elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 4—5, brevibus, glandulis
nullis: petiolo 15-55 2.5—3 mm., glandula subnodali exigua
praedito. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos —1 m.
longos, 3—4 mm. crassos, aliquando apicibus foliosis, cauliflora,
albido-hispidula dein glabra: pedunculo 11-25 X 1.5 mm.: brac-
teis basalibus 3, 1.5—-3 mm. longis, ovato-subacutis, caducis:
corpore receptaculi 13-16 mm. lato (21 x 22 mm., vivo),
depresso-globoso, aliquando brevipedicellato bracteis lateralibus
nullis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis glabris occluso:
setis internis 0.5—1 mm. longis, brunneolis, vix numerosis: cel-
lulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores feminei
subsessiles v. pedicellati: perianthio brevi tubulari usque ad
basim ovarii fusco-rubri extenso: stylo glabro. Semina 1 x 0.6
mm., sublentiformia carinata laevia, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha
hypogena, v. etiam paucis hypergena. Solomon Isl. (Bougain-
ville).

Forsan F. bougainvillei Rechinger affinis, sed cauliflora pedun-

culis receptaculi longioribus, bracteis basalibus caducis inter alia
differt.

Kajewski 1927 (Buin, typus herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse
7, 208, B208.

F. profusa Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis longepetio-
laris spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, nervi
utrimque, et receptacula juvenia pilis appressis brunneis 1—1.5
mm. longis densiuscule vestitis, nervuli pilis brevioribus sub-
erectis sparsi: laminae pagina superior pilis aibidis appressis
scabrida. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae —25 mm.
longae, caducae. Lamina —25 x 15 cm., ovata v. elliptica,
breviter subacuminata, basi rotundato-subcorcata v. anguste
rotundata, membranacea, ciliato-denticulata, utrimaue scabrida,
sicco fusco-viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8, plerumque
glandula axillari praeditis et saepe glandula ad furcas marginem
laminae versus, intercostis 5—9 sublaxis, subtus vix elevatis:
costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-4, ad 4 laminae elongatis,
glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 30-120 mm. longo, glabrescenti,
glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula ad basim trunci pro-
fusa (? ad ramulos stoloniformes), glabrescentia, maturitate
luteo-viridia: pedunculo 4-8 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3,
4 mm. longis, lanceolato-ellipticis, non caducis: corpore recep-
taculi 15 mm. lato (25 & 30 mm., vivo), depresso-subgloboso,
bracteis lateralibus nullis, apicem versus subcostato, ostiolo
primo bracteis 5 apicalibus umbonatis appressis occluso dein
internis minoribus numerosis insertis: setis internis brunneis

a a

Cs a at

48

EE eee eee Le

Vol. XVII. (1960).

nonnullis: cellulis scleroticis in rec. fem. nullis. Flores feminei

sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio brevissimo ut collare

ad basim ovarii rufo-brunnei; stylo dense piloso. Semina 0.8-1

mm. longa, subcarinata, subtuberculata, hilo prominenti. Cysto-

litha hypogena: pili papillati. Solomon Isl., Bougainville (Kupei

Gold Field, Kajewski 1743, typus herb. Kew).

F. d’Albertisii King affinis sed receptaculis a diligentissimo Ka-
jewski notata ‘“‘on the roots of the tree in great profusion”, haud
ad ramulos spiciformes cauliflora, bracteis basalibus apicalibusque
majoribus inter alia differt. Melius species nova solomonensis
describenda quam ad novoguineenses referenda.

F. papuana Corner sp. nov.—Summerhayes, J. Arn. Arb. 22
(1941) 99, ut F. setistyla Warb.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis bre-
vipetiolatis distichis v. oppositis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (sub-
tus) pilis brunneolis erectis 1-2 mm. longis hispido-villosi:
nervuli subtus pilis albidis brevioribus: laminae pagina superior
pilis appressis albidis sparsa. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi, cavi.
Stipulae —20 mm. longae, appresse pilosae, caducae. Lamina
20-38 x« 10-17 cm., oblongo-elliptica, ad apicem subacumi-
natum —20 mm. longum attenuata, basi asymmetrica uno latere
caudato-auriculata altero anguste subcordata, denticulata, mem-
branacea, supra scabridula, subtus velutinosa, sicco brunnea:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus (7—) 9-12, marginem versus fur-
catis, subtus valde elevatis, intercostis —8, subtus elevatis: costis
basalibus 3 + 5, brevibus: petiolo 10-15 mm. longo, saepe
laminae auricula obtecto, glandula subnodali praedito. Recep-
tacula ad ramulos efoliatos crassos breves cauliflora, hispidula
dein glabra: pedunculo 10-35 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3,
2-4 mm. longis, ovato-subacutis: corpore receptaculi 20-30
mm. lato (-45 mm., vivo), pyriformi, bracteis lateralibus nullis,
ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus nonnullis confertis oc-
cluso: setis internis albidis, sparsis v. copiosis: cellulis scleroticis
nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus 2—3 instructi, pedicellati: stamen
1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicello —3.5 mm. longo prae-
diti: perianthio ovarium rufo-brunneum tegenti. Flores feminei
sessiles v. pedicello —1.5 mm. longo praediti: perianthio brevis-
simo: ovario rufo-brunneo sessili v. stipitato: stylo dense piloso.
Semina subtuberculata, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena.
Papua, Terr. New Guinea.

F. calopilinae Diels affinis et forsan varietas, sed foliis distichis,
lamina oblonga, basi valde asymmetrica, brevipetiolata, costis plu-
tibus, basalibus brevibus, et indumento molli differt.

49

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Brass 1159 (Vailala River, Upoia), 5605 (Central Division,
Kubuna), 5967 (Western Division, Oriomo River), 6440 (Wes-
tern Division, Daru Isl., typus herb. Kew), 7740 (Middle Fly
River, Lake Daviambu); Carr 11640 (Veiya).

F. vrieseana Miq. var. vrieseana f. appressipilosa Corner f. nov.—
F. brachiata King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 106,
pl. 136.—Pili—1 mm. longi, appressi, breviores. Java, Sumatra.
Koorders 9087, 21916 (typus, herb. Leiden), 24633, prov..

Banjoemas, Java; Meijer 4268 (Sumatra, Indragiri): Forbes 1605,

2313 (typus, F. brachiata King), Sumatra.

var. chamaecarpa (Ridley) Corner comb. nov.—F. chamae-
carpa Ridley, Kew Bull. (1926) 82; Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As.
Soc. 11 (1933) 22, f. 10, 11.—Appressipilosa. Lamina basi plus
minus valde asymmetrica, uno latere cordato-auriculata. Setae in-
ternae paucae. Perianthium cecidiophorum breve. Malaya,
Sumatra.

f. obliqua Corner f. nov.—Pili erecti. Lamina basi minus asym-.
metrica. Malaya, Sumatra, New Guinea.

Malaya:—Corner s.n. (Johore, G. Panti, 10.3.35); Hume
9544 (Ginting Simpah); Ridley 2588 (Tahan River); Sing. F.n.
26031 (Negri Sembilan, Bt. Tangga, typus herb. Singapore);
Sumatra:—v. Steenis 3465 (Palembang, Ranau-meer). New
Guinea:—Kostermans 2620 (Manokwari).

F. sublimbata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor foliis brevipetiolatis spira-.
liter dispositis v. decussatis. Ramuli, petioli, et costa media
(subtus) pilis albidis v. brunneolis rectis appressis —1 mm. longis.
vestiti: nervuli pilis plus minus patentibus: laminae pagina
superior pilis appressis sparsa. Ramuli 2.5-3 mm. crassi.
Stipulae —15 mm. longae, ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, ad
carinam pilosae, subpersistentes. Lamina 10-15 « 4-8 cm.,
elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata, sym-.
metrica, subdentata, denticulata v. subintegra, subcoriacea,
laevis, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsceus 4, intercostis
4-7, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4-4
laminae elongatis: petiolo 10-25 mm., glandula subnodali
praedito. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos —35 cm.
longos, 5—6 mm. crassos, internodis 5—15 mm. longis, cauliflora:
pedunculo 12-15 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-4 mm.
longis, lanceolatis, crassis, glabris: corpore receptaculi 25 mm.
lato, subgloboso, pilis brunneolis sparsim vestito dein glabro,
bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus.

50;,

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

numerosis occluso: setis internis —1 mm. longis, brunneolis,
copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis rec. cecid. interno
copiosis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus instructi: stamen 1.
Flores cecidiophori pedicellati: perianthio ad 3—4 ovarii rufo-
brunnei cupulato. Cystolitha hypogena. New Guinea (Wissel
Lake, Eyma 4770, typus herb. Leiden).

F. calopilinae Diels, F. ternatanae Miq., et F. tunicatae affinis,
‘sed costis lateralibus paucis, basalibus elongatis, receptaculis
majusculis. Inquirenda.

F. tunicata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor foliis breviuscule petiolatis
spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis patentibus v. ap-
pressis brunneis —1 mm. longis sparsim vestiti: costae subtus
appresse pilosae: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis sparsa.
Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, lanceolatae,
appresse brunneo-pilosae. Lamina —23 x 12 cm., ovata, sub-
acuminata, breviter cordata, subdenticulata, membranacea,
‘supra subscabrida, sicco brunneola: costis lateralibus utrinsecus
5-7, intercostis —11, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus
2-3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis nullis: petiolo 20-35
mm. longo. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos —5 cm. longos
-cauliflora: pedunculo 2—3 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5
mm. longis, subacutis: corpore receptaculi 10 mm. lato (im-
maturo), subgloboso: glabro, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo
plano bracteis apicalibus 5 parvis occluso: setis internis copiosis
brevibus brunneis: cellulis scleroticis in strato. parietis interno
copiosis. Flores masculi ordine uno instructi: stamen 1. Flores
cecidiophori sessiles v. stipitati: perianthio ovarium usque ad
basim styli tegenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Great Key Isl. (H.
Jensen 121, typus herb. Copenhagen).

Aspectus F. variegatae Bl., vero F. ternatanae Miq. et F. sub-
limbatae Corner affinis.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Congestae Corner

¥. congesta Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 560; Wight, Ic. t. 644; Migq.
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 296; King, Ann. R. Bot.
Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 180.—F. fasciculata F. Muell. ex Benth.
Fl. Austral. 6 (1873) 177, et v. opposita. Benth.—F. setistyla
Warb. Fedde’s Rep. 1 (1905) 77.—F. trichostyla Warb. id.—
F, satterthwaitei Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 199.—F.
appendiculata Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 18 (1921) 57.—F. binuan-
_gensis Merr. id. 67.—Miquel and King regarded this as an un-
certain species, but there is now abundant material to show

51

Gardens Bulletin, S.

that it is one of the important, common, and variable species of |
central and eastern Malaysia. Because of this variability, which :
requires field-study, the species is difficult to assess. Six old spe- :
cimens prove its identity. Wallich 4510 represents F. congesta
as cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Gardens, presumably being
the plants raised by Roxburgh from Amboina. B. Hamilton
2427, at Edinburgh, is named “F. congesta Hort. Beng. 66”. In
herb. Martii, Brussels, there are four sheets of Roxburgh’s which
are identical, but none is named F. congesta by him; that
labelled “n.9” has the note by him “undetermined Ficus from
Amboyna June 1809”, and two others (10, 11) are named F.
conglomerata by him. All these agree with Roxburgh’s descrip-
tion and Wight’s illustration. Matching them is the recent col-
lection C. B. Robinson 1690 (Amboina) which Merrill deter-
mined as F. congesta Roxb. On these grounds I list the above
synonyms, after the examination of their types. F. setistyla
Warb., based on Diels 8497 (Queensland), seems to be a mix-
ture; the leaves are those of F. congesta, with which I identify it,
but the figs in a capsule are those of F. hispida (with lateral
bracts and strongly hairy style). In the Philippines F. congesta
seems to grade into F’. benguetensis Merr.; in Celebes and Bor-
neo it comes near to F. miqueliana Corner: in Australia it tends
to have smaller figs, as in some collections from New Guinea,
and there is a suggestion that it may be geocarpic (unless con-
fused with such a form of F. hispida). This Australian form is
“F. caudiciflora Solander ms.”’.

var. Chaimersii (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. chalmersii King,
J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 406; Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2
(1888) App. 6, pl. 230A.—F. caulothyrsa Laut. et K. Schum.
Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1901) 286.—This has more thickly
appressedly hairy twigs, petioles and underside of the nerves. It
occurs chiefly in New Guinea.

var. menadena (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. menadena Mid.
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 233, 296.—This is an un-
usually hairy state from Celebes, represented by twelve collections.

F. schwarzii Koord. Meded. Pl. Tuin Batavia 19 (1898) 607,
-644.—Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc. 11 (1933) 34, f. 18, 19;
- Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 286, ut F. miquelii King.—Koor-
ders cited no collections. One only of his (n. 19252, Minahassa)
bears the name F. schwarzii, which is written by him, and as it
agrees with the brief description, J take it to be the type. It is.

52

Vol. XVIM. (1960).

the same as the rather common species known in Malaya. as

F. miquelii King. Unfortunately this name cannot be used. King

made clear in his description that he intended the name F.

miquelii to substitute that of F. caulocarpa Miq. (Covellia),

with the collection de Vriese (Celebes) as type, because he
treated F. caulocarpa (Covellia) as a homonym of F. caulo-
_carpa Miq. (Urostigma). King first wrote F. caulocarpa Miq.
on many sheets of the Covellia-species and then crossed this.
name out in most cases and wrote F. miquelii King. Hence there
is no question which F. caulocarpa, as simultaneous homonyms,
has priority. The type of F. caulocarpa (Covellia) was cited first
in the list of collections given by King under F.. miquelii. I have
now examined this specimen at Leiden, where King also studied
it, and find that it is unmistakably F. botryocarpa Miq. with

cystoliths abundant on both sides of the lamina. Accordingly, I

reduce F. miquelii to F. botryocarpa. King’s plate of F. miquelii

represents the Malayan plant which must be called F. schwarzii

Koord., but the nine other collections which he cited belong to

three species, thus:— Bi gae a

Singapore, leg. King; Perak, King’s coll. 955, 1883; Burma,
Kurz 1520, 3145:—F. schwarzii Koord.

Sumatra, Beccari P.S. 544, 631, 761:—F. ribes Reinw.

New Guinea, Forbes 903:—F. congesta Roxb. v. chalmersii
(King) Corner.

King’s description is a mixture of all these. Thus, even if F.
schwarzii had not been described, a new name would have had to
be made for the Malayan species.

In Celebes, F. schwarzii comes close to F. congesta Roxb. and
to F. ternatana Miq., and they need field-investigation.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Hispidae Corner

F. hispida Linn. f. var. badiostrigosa Corner v. nov.—F.
heterostyla Merr. J. Arn. Arb. 23 (1942) 158.—Ramuli petio-
lique pilis obscure brunneis rigidis 2~4 mm. longis strigoso-his-
pidi, receptacula et costae (subtus) pilis 1-2 mm. longis.
Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos elongatos stoloniformes —6 m.
longos, 4—6 mm. crassos, internodis 2-10 cm. longos, geocar-
pica: pedunculo 4-12 * 1-1.5 mm.:: bracteis basalibus 2—2.5
mm. longis: corpore receptaculi 12-15 mm. lato, parviusculo.
Semina 0.8 mm. longa. Tonkin, Laos, Annam.

53

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tonkin:—Balansa 763 (Dong Dang); Petelot 2569, 5664 (Mt.
‘Bavi, typus F. heterostyla). Laos:—Poilane 13277 (prov.
Savanna Khet, inter Laobao et Muong Non). Annam:—Poilane
7394 (Lien Chien, pr. Tourane), 11134 (Dong co Pat, prov.
‘Quang Tri, typus v. badiostrigosa, herb. Paris), 13564 (Quang
Tri river, inter L. Bar Ching et L. Da Ban).

var. rubra Corner v. nov.—Receptacula 12-15 mm. lata, ad
ramulos elongatos efoliatos geocarpica, maturitate rubra: pedun-
-culo —5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibis 0-2. Ramuli, petiolique
pilis obscure brunneis —1 mm. longis hispidi. Folia opposita:
stipulae persistentes. China, Annam, in silvis montanis —1,500 m.
alt.

In v. hispida receptacula semper flavescentia v. brunnescentia,
“nunquam rubescentia.

A. N. Steward et H. C. Cheo 690, Kwangsi, Ling Yuen Hsien,
“3m. shrub: fruit red, on root of tree’; Poilane 32047 (typus,

herb. Paris), Annam, 1,000-1,500 m. alt., 6—8 m. tree, fruits red,
-on runner on soil.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Axillares Corner

_F. lepicarpa Bl. var. brevibracteata Corner v. nov.—Bracteae
basales 2—4 mm. longae (v. lepicarpa 4-13 mm. longae): brac-
teae laterales 1-2 v. nullae. Receptacula sessilia, sparsim ap-
presse pilosa. Amboina, Sarawak, North Borneo.
Amboina:—C. B. Robinson 1675, 1676; Barclay 4155 (det. F.

_leucantotoma). Sarawak:—Haviland s.n. (Penkalan Ampat, typus

-herb. Kew). British North Borneo:—For. Dept. A1059 (Sanda-
kan, mixed with F. septica).

var. pedunculata Corner v. nov.—Receptacula pedunculis 2-8
mm. longis: bracteis basalibus 2—4 mm. longis: bracteis lateralibus
paucis v. nullis. Thailand, Borneo.

Thailand:—RFD 7585. Borneo:—Amdjah 790; Jaheri 138;
Hallier 469, For. Dept. B.N.B. 1407, 1891, A1163, A2269;

Ridley 12327; Winkler 3332 (S.E. Borneo, det. F. volkameriifolia
Wall., typus herb. Leiden).

var. suluensis Corner v. nov.—Receptacula brunneo-hispida,
pilis -O.5 mm. longis: pedunculo 3—4 mm. longo, brunneo-hispida:
bracteis basalibus 3-4 mm. longis: bracteis lateralibus nullis. Sulu

Archipelago (Tawi-tawi; PNH 7471, typus herb. Manila; PNH
7051; Bur. Sci. 44016).

54

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

Folia et ramuli glabri ut in v. lepicarpa, receptacula brunneo-
hispida ut in F. carpenteriana Elmer. Species ambae verae in
Tawi-tawi collectae, sed in his numeris ter commixtae?

F, latimarginata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor parva —4 m. alta, ramis:
paucis, foliis breviuscule petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli,
petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneis rigidis patentibus 2-4
mm. longis dense hispidi, ad intercostas 1-2 mm. longis: nervuli
pilis brevioribus sparsis: laminae pagina superior pilis albidis
sparsim hispida, glabrescens. Ramuli 4—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae

~ 25-40 X 15-27 mm., ovato-lanceolatae, brunneo-strigosae,,.
marginibus latis glabris, persistentibus. Lamina —30 12 cm.,
oblongo-elliptica v. elliptico-obovata, apice breviter acuminata
—15 mm. longo, basi cuneato-subcordata, ciliato-denticulata,
utrimque subscabrida, membranacea, sicco brunnea: costis
lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, subtus valde elevatis, glandulis.
axillaribus praeditis, etiam saepe ad furcas marginem versus:
intercostis numerosis, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus
2-3, brevibus, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 15-25 x 3-4
mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria sessilia
stipulis semitecta: bracteis basalibus 3, 5-14 x 4-5 mm.,
lanceolatis, appresse brunneo-pilosis: corpore receptaculi 20-23
mm. lato, subgloboso v. depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus
nullis, pilis brunneis patentibus 1-2 mm. longis dense hispido,
ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus numerosis occluso: setis
internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis ut lamina tenui in strato
parietis interno. Flores feminei pedicellati: perianthio brevi
tubulari stipitem ovarii rufo-brunnei amplectanti: stylo sparsim
puberulo v. glabro. Semina 1.2 mm. longa, subtuberculata, hilo
prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Celebes (Kjellberg 16494,
Todjamboe, 1,000 m. alt., typus herb. Stockholm; Kjellberg
2280, Liasa).

Species inquirenda. F. decipientis Reinw. affinis, sed lamina nec
panduriformi nec dentato-lobata, receptaculis differt et ad F. cal-
caratam Corner proximat. F. vrieseana Miq. comparanda.

F. calcarata Corner sp. nov.—King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1,
2 (1888) 107, pl. 139, ut F. pungens Reinw.—Arbor —10 m.
alta, foliis brevipetiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli,
costae (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis rigidis patentibus
v. curvatis 1-3 mm. longis dense hispidi: laminae pagina supe-
rior pilis appressis albidis, secundum nervos hispida. Ramuli
3-5 mm. crassi. Stipulae -30 « 15 mm., ovato-lanceolatae,
appresse brunneo-pilosae v. subglabrae, persistentes. Lamina

55

Gardens Bulletin, S.

14~30 x 6.5-18 cm., late elliptica v. obovata, apice breviter
acuminata 12-20 mm. longo, basi brevicordata v. subcuneata,
denticulata, membranacea, utrimque scabrida, sicco brunnea:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, marginem versus saepe fur-
catis, intercostis 5—14 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus
3-4, ad 1-1 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo
10-30 x 2-4 mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula
axillaria sessilia binata, stipulis plus minus obtecta, dense
brunneo-setosa, subglabrescentia: bracteis basalibus 3, 4-11 x
3-6 mm., ovato-lanceolatis, appresse pilosis: corpore recepta-
culi 15-22 mm. lato, subconico, bracteis lateralibus paucis
sparsis parvis v. nullis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis
occluso: setis internis nullis v. paucis minutis: cellulis scleroticis
in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores masculi ordinibus
duobus instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori breviter pedi-
cellati: perianthio ovarium fusco-rufum usque ad basim styli
tegenti. Flores feminei sessiles v. pedicello rufo —1 mm. longo
praediti: perianthio partem dimidiam v. tertiam ovarii rufo-
brunnei tegenti v. breviori: stylo sparsim piloso. Semina 1 mm.
longa, carinata, aspera, hilo prominenti. Halmaheira, Ternate,
Morotai, in silvis primariis et secundariis frequens.

F, pungente Reinw. confusa, floribus diversis: vero F. decipientis
Reinw. affinis.

Beccari s.n. (Ternate, Acqui Conora, R. Ist. Fir. 9310, det.
F. subcuneata Miq.); Beguin 1161 (Ternate); Idjan 369 (Halma-
heira); Kostermans 1401 (Morotai), 1677 (Morotai, typus herb.
Leiden); Lam 3649 (Morotai); Pleyte 112 (Ternate), 286
(Halmaheira).

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Fulvidulae Corner

F. gilapong Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 426.—F. hypogaea
King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 100, pl. 125.—
F.. gilapong is represented by unidentifiable fragments at Leiden
and Utrecht, but there two sheets of sterile material of the type
(Teysmann, Battang Baroes, ins. Gilapong) at Bogor. These
show that it is identical with F. hypogeaa. King described this
species from two collections, namely Forbes 2505 (Sumatra),
which I take as the lectotype, and Beccari P.B. 2798 (Sarawak),
which is F. uncinata Becc. A third collection is now known,
namely Bangham 983 (Medan-Berastagi road, c. 1,300 m. alt.,
by the entrance to the sulphur-springs).

56

eS Ss ae? one er

Vol. XVII. (1960).

F. cereicarpa Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —9 m. alta, foliis longipe-
tiolatis spiraliter dispositis, ramis paucis patulis. Ramuli, folia,
et receptacula pilis mollibus fulvidulis appressis v. patentibus
2-3 (—4) mm. longis villoso-tomentosi, lente glabrescentes.
Ramuli 4-9 mm. crassi. Stipulae 17-50 mm. longae, appresse
tomentosae, subpersistentes. Lamina 13-26 *« 6.5—-12.5 cm.
(-40 « 20 cm., folia juvenilia), elliptica ovata v. obovata, apice

- acuminata v. attenuato-acuminata —17 mm. longo, basi anguste
cordata, ciliato-denticulata v. integra, membranacea laevis, sicco
fusco-viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8—12, marginem versus
saepe furcatis et glandula axillari ad furcam praeditis, inter-
costis —12 (—23, foliis juvenilibus), subtus elevatis: costis basa-
libus utrinsecus 2—4, brevibus, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo
20-90 (—150) mm. longo, saepe glandula subnodali praedito.
Receptacula in cumulis ad basim trunci, ad ramulos efoliatos
—30 & 5 cm., internodis haud elongatis, cauliflora, maturitate
e brunneo rubescentia: pedunculo 5-10 mm. longo: bracteis

_ basalibus 3, 5-12 mm. longis, late lanceolatis: corpore recep-
taculi 20-50 mm. lato (-80 mm. vivo, bracteis exclusis), pyri-
formibus, furfuraceis dein glabris, bracteis lateralibus late
lanceolatis crassis, saepe subverticillatis, numerosis, ostiolum
versus incurvatis, ostiolo depresso bracteis apicalibus ordinibus
4-5 umbonatis occluso: setis internis flexuosis copiosis: cellulis
scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus_instructi:
stamen 1. Flores neutri in rec. fem. ordinibus 2-3 instructi.
Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicellati: perianthio ovarium
rufum obtectanti, dein fisso bilobato. Flores feminei 3-4 mm.
longi, sessiles v. breviter rubro-pedicellati: perianthio brevi
tubulari v. subcupulari, ad basim stipitis ovarii rubri v. basim
ovarii amplectanti. Semina 1 mm. longa, vix carinata, asperula
v. laevia, hilo parvo haud v. vix prominenti. Cystolitha hypo-
gena. Borneo, in silvis ad 1,600 m. alt., praecipue secundum
flumina rivulosque in locis scopulosis, trunco saepe horizontali.
Species insignis, foliis ut in F. francisici Winkler et F. gilapong

‘Mig. sed receptaculis pluribracteatis ut in F. uncinata Becc. In

Brunei plantas numerosas inspexi.

Kinabalu:-——Clemens 26070, 29585, 32561, 34003; Sing. F.n.

26613. Brunei 5315 (Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge).

Central Borneo:—-Amdjah (Exp. Nieuwenhuis) 402, S. Mend-
Jjaloe.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Geocarpicae Corner

_F. megaleia Corner sp. nov.—Frutex v. arbor parva —7 m. alta,
caulibus subcaespitosis, ramis patulis apicibus pendulis. Folia

57

Gardens Bulletin, S.

disticha, maxima, pendula. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, et costae

(subtus) pilis fulvis v. ferrugineis rigidis 1-1.5 mm. longis, v.

2-3 mm. longis, patentibus v. appressis villosi. Ramuli 4—7

mm. crassi. Stipulae 30-70 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 40—

100 x 14~-35 cm., elliptica v. oblonga, apice caudato-acuminata

25-40 mm. longo, basi late et inequaliter cordata, uno latere

late auriculata et petiolum obtegens, denticulata, supra scabrida

v. laevis, subcoriacea v. chartacea, sicco brunnea: costis latera-

libus utrinsecus (7—) 9-12, plerumque glandula axillari praeditis,

intercostis 10-20 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus 4 + 6 (—7),
brevibus: petiolo 10-25 x 4-6 mm., glandula subnodali
_ praedito. Receptacula geocarpica ut in F. uncinata Becc. sed
plus minus strigosa, glabrescentia: setis internis nullis. Flores
feminei et cecidiophori perianthio nullo: stylo glabro. Semina

0.7 mm. longa, subcarinata asperula, haud v. vix rugosa, hilo

prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Brunei, North and Central

Borneo, —1,400 m. alt.

Ob folia maxima, in herbario videtur forma juvenilis F. unci-
natae Becc., sed plantas multas in Brunei imspexi, et certe
distinguenda.

Brunei 5301 (Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge); Clemens.
30621 (Kinabalu); Nieuwenhuis 1287 (Central Borneo); Sing.
F.n. 26452 (Kinabalu).

F. uncinata Becc. For. Born. (1902) 527.—F. geocarpa Teysm.
var. uncinata (Becc.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2
(1888) 127, pl. 129.—This is a Bornean and Malayan species.
distinct from F. geocarpa (Celebes). In Borneo it is extremely
varibale and needs much field-study. Commonly it grows with
other species of this subseries and much care is needed to trace
the geocarpic fruiting stolons to the right stem: not a few collec-
tions appear to me to have become mixed during or after
collection. Small herbarium-specimens may not be strictly
identifiable.

var. uncinata.—Pili 0.5—1.5 mm. longi, brunnei, appressi v.
plus minus patentes. Lamina 16-35 « 6-10 cm., ad apicem 30-
70 mm. longum attenuato-caudata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus
4-7. Receptacula 15-25 mm. lata (bracteis pilisque exclusis),.
glabra v. sparsim strigosa. Borneo.

var. gracilis Corner v. nov.—Pili ut in v. uncinata. Lamina 9—
24 & 2.5—-5 cm., lanceolato-oblonga, ad apicem 20-35 mm. lon-
gum attenuata; costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6. Receptacula.

58

Vol. XVII. (1960).

12-15 mm. lata, strigoso-villosa, bracteis lateralibus gracilibus
hispidis. Brunei (Brunei 5303, S. Belalong, typus herb. Cam-
bridge; Corner s.n. Kuala Belait, 22.2. 59).

var. parva Corner v. nov.—Pili 1—-1.5 mm. longi. patentes,
albidae, ad nervulos appressi. Lamina 12-20 « 3-6 cm., lanceo-
lato-obovata, apice abrupte caudato-acuminata 15—25 mm. longo:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-11. Receptacula 15—20 mm. lata,
glabra. Brunei (Andulau For. Reserve, Corner s.n. Feb. 1959,
typus herb. Cambridge).

var. pilosior Corner v. nov.—Pili 2—4 mm. longi, brunnei erecti.
Lamina 20-45 xX 7-16 cm., elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte
acuminata —25 mm. longo: costis lateralibus 10-13. Receptacula
20—25 mm. lato, sparsim strigosa glabrescentia. Borneo.

Beccari 2798 (Sarawak, det. F. hypogaea); Clemens (Kina-
balu) 10336, 20708, 26637, 28476, 29092, 29719, 32803,
33968, 34231, 34387, 50030; Hallier 2576 (Lianggagang); Sing.
F.n. 26722, 27813 (Kinabalu); Teysmann 11314 (Landah);
Brunei 5302 (S. Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge).

var. strigosa Corner v. nov.—Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc.
11 (1933) 17, f. 5-7, ut F. geocarpa Teysm.—Pili 1—2.5 mm.
longi, brunnei, erecti v. appressi. Lamina 10-36 x 4-15 cm.,
-oblongo-elliptica v. elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata
12—24 mm. longo, basi uno latere late auriculata: costis lateralibus
utrinsecus 6-9. Receptacula 12-25 mm. lata, dense strigosa, haud
glabrescentia. Malaya, Lingga, Borneo.

Lingga:—Teysmann 7083. Malaya (Johore usque ad Perak et
‘Trengganu ) :—Sing. F.n. 25946 (typus, herb. Singapore), 26040;
Ridley 11036. Borneo:—Beccari 2901, 2797; W. M. A. Brooke
10249, 10522; Clemens 10489, 21911; Endert 2429, 3486;
Nieuwenhuis 104, 292; Teysmann 7107.

var. truncata Corner v. nov.—Pili 0.5—1 mm. longi, appressi
brunnei. Lamina 16-27 Xx 5.5-—9 cm., oblongo-elliptica v.
-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata 12—20 mm. longo, basi inaequa-
lis et oblique truncata, uno latere cuneata altero subcordata v.
‘subauriculata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-11. Brunei (Brunei
5329, Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge).

F. beccarii King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 102, pl.
130.

var. beccariii—Lamina 3-6 cm. lata, lanceolata, basi symme-
itrica anguste cuneata. Pili —1 mm. longi.

59

Gardens Bulletin, S-

var. aSymmetrica Corner v. nov:—Lamina 26-38 x 7.5—11
cm., oblongo-elliptica v. obovata, apice plus minus abrupte
acuminata 25-45 mm. longo, v. attenuata, basi asymmetrica uno
latere anguste cuneata altero latiuscule subcordata: costis latera-
libus utrinsecus 7-9. Receptacula bracteis lateralibus 2-3 mm.
longis parvis praedita. Semina 0.6—0.7 mm. longa. Sarawak
(Corner s.n., Kuching, Bt. Kuap, Jan. 1959, typus herb. Cam-
bridge).

var. latifolia Corner v. nov.—Lamina 5—10 cm. lata, elliptica
v. late lanceolata, basi symmetrica late cuneata: costis lateralibus
utrinsecus 9-12. North Borneo (Brunei 5305; Brunei 5322, S.
belalong, typus herb. Cambridge; For. Dept. BNB 1610).

Plantas multas inspexi, a v. beccarii semper foliis latioribus
diversas.

F. geocharis Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, ramis patulis,
foliis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, et receptacula pilis fulvidis
rigidis patentibus 1.5—2.5 mm. longis hispidi: costae subtus pilis
brevioribus sparsim hispidae, nervuli hispiduli: laminae pagina
superior, praeter costas, glabra. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae
15-38 mm. longae, lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina 15-30
5—9 cm., elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, apice abrupte acuminata
20-60 mm. longo, basi subasymmetrica, uno latere anguste
cuneata altero anguste auriculata (auricula 5—7 mm. longa et
lata), subdenticulata v. integra, laevis, nitida, membranacea,
sicco supra griseo-fusca, subtus brunneola: costis lateralibus
utrinsecus 6-8 (—10), intercostis —12, subtus leviter elevatis:

_ costis basalibus 1 (—2) + 4, brevibus: petiolo 4-9 mm. longo,
glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula geocarpica ad ramulos
efoliatos stipulatos stoloniformes —3 m. longos, 3—4 mm. crassos,.
e basi trunci orientes, maturitate rubro-purpurea: pedunculo
1.5-4 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus haud distinctis: pedicello
nullo: corpore receptaculi 16-20 mm. lato, dense fulvo-hispido
glabrescenti, bracteis lateralibus numerosis lanceolatis —9 mm.
longis, basim et ostiolum versus brevioribus confertis: setis in-
ternis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus
duobus instructi: stamen 1. Flores feminei et cecidiophori pedi-
cello 0.5—3 mm. longo praediti: perianthio nullo v. in flor. cecid.
ut linea vix elevata ad apicem stipitis ovarii fusco-rubri, rarius
uno latere spathulato. Semina ut in F. uncinata Becc. Cysto-
litha hypogena. Borneo.

Inter F. beccarii King et F. uncinatam Becc., sed nec huic nec-

illi referenda.

60

Vol. XVIIT. (1960).

Clemens 21912 (Sarawak, Upper Rejang River, typus herb. Br.
Mus.); Corner s.n. 2.2.59 (Sarawak, Kuching, Bt. Kuap); For.
Dept. B.N.B. 2864 (Bettotan).

F. subterranea Corner sp. nov.—Frutex v. arbor parva —5 m.
alta, ramis patulis, foliis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, et
costa (subtus) pilis albidis v. fulvidulis minutis 0.1—0.3 mm.
longis appressis sparsim vestiti: laminae pagina superior glabra
v. nervos secundum puberula. Ramuli 1—2 mm. crassi, graciles.
Stipulae 15-30 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 11-26 x 3-8
cm., anguste elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata 12—25
mm. longo, basi late v. anguste cuneata, symmetrica v. subasym-
metrica, integra, membranacea, supra glabra v. subscabrida,
sicco viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 11-15, majoribus
apicem laminae versus glandula axillari praeditis, intercostis
strictis 10-20 subtus haud elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus
1, brevibus: petiolo 5-14 mm. longo, glandula subnodali parva
praedito. Receptacula glabra subterranea ad ramulos graciles
stoloniformes efoliatos, albida: pedunculo 1-3 mm. longo;
bracteis basalibus haud distinctis: corpore receptaculi 14 mm.
lato, bracteis lateralibus uncinatis 2-4 mm. longis numerosis:
setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei perian-
thio nullo: ovario stipitato: stylo glabro. Semina 0.6 mm. longa,
subcarinata, vix rugosa. Cystolitha hypogena. Brunei (S. Bela-
long, Brunei 5306; Brunei 5327, typus herb. Cambridge).

F. beccarii King affinis sed receptaculis glabris, intercostis con-
fertis numerosis haud subtus elevatis, lamina supra scabrida differt.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae subser. Tuberculifasciculatae

F. septica Burm. f. var. cauliflora Corner v. nov.—Summerhayes, J.
Arn. Arb. 22 (1941) 97, sub F. septica.—Receptacula cauliflora
ad ramulos efoliatos -50 cm. longos, 3-5 mm. crassos, ad basim
10 mm. crassos, internodis —4 cm. longis, (stoloniformes ?),
racemoso-glomerata: pedunculo 8-12 mm. longo: bracteis
basalibus 2—2.5 mm. longis: corpore receptaculi 15—20 mm.
lato (20-25 mm., vivo). Timor Laut, Admiralty Isl., Solomon
Isl., Santa Cruz, New Hebrides, Queensland.

Var. septica nunquam cauliflora.

E. S. Brown 5482 (Solomon Isl., San Cristoval, Kira Kira,
typus herb. Br. Mus.); Forbes 3364 (Timor Laut); Kajewski 579
(Santa Cruz Isl., Vanikoro); Mosely s.n. ( Admiralty Isl.) ; Mor-
Tison s.n. (New Hebrides, Eromanga, Polenia Bay); S. T. Blake
15016, 15212, 15282 (Queensland, Cook District).

61

Gardens Bulletin, S-

var. salicifolia Corner v. nov.—F. laxiramea Elmer, Leafl-
Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1257.—F. brunnea Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 18
(1921) 56.—F. linearis Merr. id. 65.—Lamina 5-17.5 « 0.6—
5.5 cm., lanceolata v. lanceolato-elliptica: costis lateralibus utrin-
secus 7-13. Receptacula pedunculata v. sessilia, 10-14 mm. lata..
Philippine Isl., Celebes.

Ahern 3509 (? 3504), 6319; Bur. Sci. 1605 (syntype, F. brun-

nea), 17433 (type, F. linearis), 20900, 24338 (syntype, F. brun-
nea), 24477, 34717, 36575, 43811; Elmer 10786 (type, F.
laxiramea); Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 522; PNH 1577, 6067, 7865,
9986 (typus, v. salicifolia herb. Manila), 10030, 13699, 13670;
Sablaya 6; Univ. Philip. 4066, 4294; Vidal 3797; Kjellberg 1542.
(Celebes, Rante Lemo).

F. fistulosa Reinw. var. lucbanensis (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—

F. lucbanensis Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 254.—F.
curranii Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 5S (1910) 343.—I can find no satis-
factory specific difference from F. fistulosa yet, if the figs were
ridged, v. lucbanensis could be referred to F. septica. It sug-
gests a hybrid, yet it has not been found in Java or Sumatra
where the two species also overlap.

F. dimorpha King var. scabra Corner v. nov.—Lamina utrinque
scabra. Mentawei Isl.
Iboet 25 (Siberut Isl.), 449 (Sipora Isl., typus herb. Leiden) ;
Sing. F.n. 10497 (Siberut, det. F. polysyce Ridley).

F. tarennifolia Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis bre-
vipetiolatis plerumque oppositis, aliquando laxe spiraliter dis-
positis v. distichis. Glabra v. petioli, nodi, et costae (subtus)
sparsim appresse albido-pilosi. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae
—20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 7-21 2-8 cm., lanceolato-
elliptica v. lanceolato-obovata, ad apicem acutum attenuata,
haud v. vix acuminata, basi cuneata, serrulata v. denticulata,
aliquando integra, membranacea, laevis, sicco brunnea: costis.
lateralibus utrinsecus 5-11 (—12), curvatis, intercostis 1-3 (—5)
laxis, subtus haud v. vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1,
brevibus: petiolo 6-20 (—25) mm. longo, glandula subnodali
nulla. Receptacula cauliflora ad ramulos efoliatos e basi trunci,
ut ramulos stoloniformes evolventes dein geocarpica, binata,
maturitate e brunneo rubescentia: pedunculo 5—12 mm. longo:
bracteis basalibus 3, 1-2 mm. longis: pedicello 0-4 mm.: cor-
pore receptaculi 12-15 « 10-13 mm. (18-20 17-19 mm.,
vivo), pyriformi v. subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo

62

Vol. XVII. (1960).

plano bracteis apicalibus parvis numerosis occluso: setis internis
nullis: cellulis scleroticis nullis v. in rec. cecid. paucis. Flores
masculi ordinibus 1—2 instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori
sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: ovarium fusco-rubrum perianthio
obtectum. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perian-
thio brevissimo ut collare circum stipitem ovarii rufo-brunnei:
stylo glabro v. sparsim piloso. Semina 1 mm. longa, subcarinata,
subtuberculata, hilo parvo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena.
North Borneo (Kinabalu), in silvis montanis 1,000—2,500 m. alt.
F, fistulosae Reinw. varietatibus lanceifoliis similis sed recep-
tacula geocarpica rubescentia. Forsan F. arfakensis King affinior.

Clemens 28290, 29415, 30182, 30511, 30745, 30870, 32149,
32468, 33113, 33709, 33831, 34086, 34094, 34457, 40048,
40182; Sing. F.n. 26882, 27510 (typus, herb. Singapore); Kepong
F.n. 80534.

F. ixoroides Corner sp. nov.—Frutex multo-ramosus, ramulis.
ascendentibus, foliis brevipetiolatis decussatis v. spiraliter dis-
positis. Glabra v. ramuli juvenes villosuli. Ramuli 2 mm. crassi,
fusco-brunnei. Stipulae —20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 6-13
xX 1.2-2 cm., lanceolata v. oblongo-lanceolata, attenuato-acu-
minata, basi anguste cuneata, integra, laevis, subcoriacea, sicco
griseo-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12, angulo lato
exeuntibus, subtus leviter elevatis, intercostis nullis: costis basa-
libus utrinsecus 1, brevibus: petiolo 5-15 mm. longo, glandula
subnodali praedito. Receptacula axillaria solitaria: pedunculo
2—4 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 1 mm. longis: corpore
receptaculi 9-11 mm. lato, subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus
nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 5 parvis occluso: setis
internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei sessiles v.
pedicellati: perianthio brevissimo circum stipitem ovarii rufo-
brunnei tubulari: stylo glabro. Semina subtuberculata, hilo pro-
minenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, North Borneo, riparia.
Forsan species alicujus forma salicifolia riparia reducta, ut F.

fistulosa Reinw. v. F. tarennifolia Corner.

Beccari P.B. 2781 (R. Ist. Fir. 9239, Sarawak, Ramo Sud,
typus herb. Florence); Amdjah 226 (B.N.B., Loembis).

F. pleyteana Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta, foliis lanceolatis
brevipetiolatis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis
brunneolis appressis —1 mm. longis vestiti, nervuli pilis breviori-
bus pallidis: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis pallidis

63

Gardens Bulletin, S.

sparsa. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi. Stipulae 10-20 mm. longae,
lanceolatae, appresse pilosae, persistentes. Lamina 5-14 1.2
cm., lanceolata, apice subacuminata v. attenuata 10-20 mm.
longo, basi cuneata et leviter inequalis, integra v. minute sub-
denticulata, laevis, membranacea, sicco brunnea: costis laterali-
bus utrinsecus 7—9, obliquis, intercostis 1-5 laxis, subtus vix
elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis basali-
bus nullis: petiolo 3—S mm. longo, glandula subnodali nulla.
Receptacula axillaria solitaria et plerumque geocarpica ad
ramulos stoloniformes efoliatos —90 cm. longos, ad basim 4—7

_ IM. crassos, internodis 20-35 mm. longis, apicibus stipulatos,
e basi trunci orientes, pilis brunneolis appressis vestita: pedun-
culo 2-4 x 1.5 mm.: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-4 mm. longis,
lanceolatis, acutis: corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. lato, sub-
globoso, quinquecostato, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano
bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis occluso: setis internis nullis v.
paucis brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno
copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio
brevissimo: ovario sessili v. stipitato fusco-rubro: stylo sparsim
piloso. Semina subtuberculata, carinata, hilo vix prominenti.
Cystolitha hypogena. Halmaheira (Pleyte 378, G. Sembilan,
600 m. alt., typus herb. Leiden).

F. ternatanae Mig. affinis et forsan varietas sed foliis angustiori-
bus, stipulis haud caducis, bracteis basalibus longioribus.

64

Index to CORNER: Taxonomic Notes on
Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia, V & VI

(a) New taxa and binomials in bold print.
(b) Taxonomic synonyms in italics.

Covelia cuneata Mig. 44 | Irritantes Corner (Subseries) 4, 10
C. guttata Wight 7

Ficus 1, 36 Kalosyce (Mig.) Corner (Section) 21

GENERIC SUBDIVISIONS

Adenosperma Corner (Section) 26
Amphigenae Corner (Series) 26

Apiocarpeae Corner (Series) 22, 23°

Araneosae Corner (Subseries) 4
Auriculisperma Corner (Subsection

>

Auriculatae Corner (Series) 33
Axillares Corner (Subseries) 40, 54

Balanotae Corner (Subseries) 4, 9

Calopilinae Corner (Subseries) 40,
47 ;

Congestae Corner (Subseries) 40, 51
Cynaroides Corner (Series) 38, 41

Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner (Sub-
section) 38, 42

Distichae Corner (Series) 5, 18
Distichoideae Corner (Series) 5, 17

Excavatae Corner (Subseries) 4, 16

Ficus (Subgenus) 1, 21, 36
Fuloidulae Corner (Subseries) 41, 56

Geocarpicae Corner (Subseries) 41,
7

~

Hispidae Corner (Subseries) 40, 53
Hypogenae Corner (Series) 29

65

Laciniatae Corner (Subseries) 33, 34

Lepidotae Corner (Series) 39

Longituberculatae Sata (Series) 40,
4]

Macrostyla Corner (Subsection) 39,
43

Neomorphe King (Section) 32

Pantonianae Corner (Subseries) 4, 8
Plagiostigmaticae Corner (Series) 3,

‘Plagiostigmaticae (Subseries) 3, 5

Pogonotropheae (Mig.) Corner (Sub-
series) 4, 7

Pomiferae Corner (Series) 39

Pomiferae (Subsection) 39, 43

Praestantes Corner (Subseries) 40,
5

Punctatae Corner (Series) 22, 23
Punctatae (Subseries) 22, 23

Ramentaceae Corner (Series) 4, 8
Ramentaceae (Subseries) 4, 11
Rhizocladus Endl. (Section) 3
Ruginerviae Corner (Subseries) 22

Sinosycidium Corner (Section) 24
Sycocarpus Migq. (Section) 36, 37
Sycocarpus (Subsection) 39,44

‘Theophrastoides Corner (Series) 38
Trichocarpeae Corner (Series) 5, 19
Tuberculifasciculatae Sata (Series)

?

Tuberculifasciculatae (Subseries) 41

Variegatae Corner (Series) 33, 34
Variegatae (Subseries) 33
Vitienses Corner (Series) 38

SPECIFIC DIVISIONS

Ficus
adenosperma Miq.,
var. adenosperma

f. angustifolia Corner 28
chaetophora (Warb.) Corner
28

glabra Corner 28
microlepis Corner 28

adhaerens Miq. 12

agapetoides Diels
var. solomonensis Corner 18

amblisyce Corner 8
-apiocarpa Miq. 22

var. villosa Corner 23
appendiculata Merr. 51
araneosa King 4
arisanensis Hayata 6
aurantiacea Griff. 22, 23

var. angustifolia Corner 23

parvifolia Corner 23

auriculata Lour. 33
_austrina Corner 29
awkeotsang Makino 6

baccaureoides Corner 47
‘baeuerleni King
var. vulcaniformis Corner 11
balanota Diels 4
‘beccarii King 59
var. asymmitrica Corner 60
beccarii 59
latifolia Corner 60

binnangensis Merr. 51

66

Gardens Bulletin, S.

botryocarpa Miq.
var. linearifolia (Elmer) Corner
44

subalbidoramea (Elmer) Cor-
ner 44
f. scabrida Corner 44
botryoides Lévl. & Vant. 6
brachiata King 50
brunnea Merr. 62

cabur B. Hamm. 6
calcarata Corner 55
callicarpa Miq.

var. angustifolia Corner 23

parvifolia Corner 23

callicarpides Corner 17
calodictya Summerh.

var. gamophylla Corner 18
calopilina Diels 40
casearioides King. 29

var. gamosepala Corner 29
caulothyrsa Laut. & K. Schum. 52 ~
ceanothifolia Corner 9
cereicarpa Corner 41, 57 :
cervina Elmer 44 |
chaetophora Warb. 28
chalmersii King 52
chamaecarpa Ridley 50
cinnabarina S. Moore 10
cinnamomea Corner 21
compressicaulis Bl. 11
congesta Roxb. 40, 51

var. chalmersii (King) Corner 52

menadena (Miq.) Corner 52

cuneata Miq. 44
curranii Merr. 62
cynaroides Corner 38, 41

dammaropsis Diels 39

var. obtusa Corner 42
decipiens Reinw. 40
depressa Benth 28
detonsa Corner 18
devestiens Corner 9
dimorpha King

var. scabra Corner 62
disticha Bl. 5
distichoidea Diels 5

var. megacarpa Corner 17
duclouxii Lévl. & Vant. 6

Vol. XVII. (1960).

erythrosperma Miq. 31
excavata Wall. 4

fasciculata F. v. M. 51

var. opposita Benth. 51
filiformis Bl. 19
fistulosa Reinw.

var. mains Sa (Elmer) Corner

formosa Summerh. 29

- foveolata Wall. 6

var. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo
6

henryi King 6

impressa (Champ.) King 6
maliformis King 6

a teecge (Fr. & Sav.) King

oleaeformis King 6
thunbergii (Maxim.) King @
fruticosa Roxb. 18
funiculosa Corner 30

garcieae Elmer 33
gazellae Engl. 26
geocarpa Miq. 41
geocharis Corner 60
gilapong Mig. 56
griffithii Mig. 39
guttata King 8
hederacea Roxb. 18
heterostyla Merr. 53
hispida Linn. f. 39, 40
var. badiostrigosa Corner 53
rubra Corner 54
hylobia Diels 29
hypophaeola Corner 21

ilangoides Elmer 33
impressa Champ. 6
ixoroides Corner 63

kwangtungensis Merr. 6

lachnocarpa Warb. 31
laevis Bl. 4

var. macrocarpa (Miq.) Corner 7
lanata BI.

var. foveolata Corner 16

67

lancibracteata Corner 42
latimarginata Corner 55
laxiramea Elmer 62
lepicarpa BI.
var. brevibracteata Corner 54
pedunculata Corner 54
suluensis Corner 54
leptocarpa Steud.
var. adhaerens Miq. 12
oligosperma Mig. 12
linearifolia Elmer 44
linearis Merr. 62
longibracteata Corner 46
var. lebetoides Corner 47
lucbanensis Elmer 62
luducca Roxb. 7

macrocarpa Wight 7
macrostyla Corner 39, 43
megaleia Corner 57

‘meiocarpa Diels 18

menadena Miq. 52
mindorensis Merr. 44
mollior F. v. M. 26
var. pseudocovellia Corner 27
sessilis Corner 27
f. riparia Corner 27

nasuta Summerh.
var. glabrata Corner 19
nipponica Fr. & Sar. 7

obtusa Hassk. 19
var. gedehensis Koord. & Val. 19
genuina Koord. & Val. 19
piperifolia (Miq.) Koord. &
Val. 19

odoardi King 4

var. glabrata Corner 10
oligodon Mig. 39, 43
oligosperma Miq. 12
oxymitroides Corner 10
oxyphylla Miq. 7

pachyrrhachis Laut. & K. Schum.
47

var. porrecta Corner 47
pantoniana King 4
var. colobocarpa Diels 8
rhytidophloea Corner 8

papuana Corner 49
parvibracteata Corner 45
pendens Corner 15

var. appressa Corner 16
pendens 16

phaeobullata Corner 20
phatnophylla Diels

var. glochidioides Corner 17
meiocarpa (Diels) Merr. 18

piperifolia Mig. 19

var. borneensis Miq. 19
pleyteana Corner 63
pomifera Wall. 43
praestans Corner 40, 45
profusa Corner 48
pumila Linn. 3, 4

pubigera Wall.
var. amserina Corner 5

awkeotsang (Makino) Cor-
ner 6

maliformis (King) Corner 6
pycnoneura Laut. & K. Schum. 31

ramentacea Roxb. 11
recurva Bl.
var. bridelioides Corner 14
elegantior Corner 14
lasiocarpa Corner 14
pedicellata Corner 15
repandifolia Elmer 40, 41
rhopalosycia Diels 24
ribes Reinw. 40
var. cuneata (Mig.) Corner 44
f. stenophylla Corner 44
serraria (Miq.) Corner 44
robusta Corner 34
rubrocarpa Elmer 12
ruginervia Corner 22, 24
saccata Corner 26
sagittata Vahl. 11
var. adhaerens (Mig.) Corner 12
minor Corner 12
a ane (Mig.) Corner

68

Gardens Bulletin, S.

sarmentosa B. Ham. 6
var. duclouxii (Lévl.

Corner 6

henryi (King) Corner 6

impressa (Champ.) Corner 6
lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner 6

luducca (Roxb.) Corner 7

f. sessilis Corner 7

nipponica (Fr. & Sar.) Cor-
mer /

thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner
7

< Vant.)

satterthwaitei Elmer 51
scandens Roxb. 18
schwarzii Koord. 52
scratchleyana King 23
var. aurantiola Corner 23
a Or (Diels) Corner

semilanata Corner 20
semivestita Corner 34
septica Burm. f.

var. cauliflora Corner 61

salicifolia Corner 62

serraria Mig. 44
setistyla Warb. 51
sordidissima Elmer 44
sphaerocarpa Corner 11
spiralis Corner 13
squamosa Roxb. 43
subalbidoramea Elmer 44
subcuneata Miq. 29
sublimata Corner 50
subterranea Corner 61
supperforata Corner 16
steochotricha Diels 29
sycomoroides Miq. 33

tarenuifolia Corner 62

tayabensis Elmer 12

tenella Corner 30

theophrastoides Seem 38

thunbergii Maxim 7

trichocarpa Bl. 5, 19

var. borneensis Corner 19

obtusa (Hassk.) Corner 19
piperifolia (Miq.) Corner 19

——— ee

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

trichocerasa Diels

var. glabristipula Corner 31
trichoneura Diels 29

var. lachnocarpa Diels 30
trichostyla Warb. 51
tsiangii Merr. 24, 25
tunicata Corner 51
turbinata Ridley 28

uncinata Becc. 58
var. gracilis Corner 58

parva Corner 59
pilosior Corner 59
strigosa Corner 59
truncata Corner 59
uncinata 58

uncinulata Corner 15

vagrans Roxb.
var. macrocarpa Miq. 7
variegata BI. 33
var. garciae (Elmer) Corner 33
ilangoides (Elmer) Corner 33

69

sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner
33

verticillaris Corner 27
var. robusta Corner 28
villosa Bl. 4
var. appressa Corner 12
subglobosa Corner 13
tonsa Corner 13
vitiensis Seem 38
vrieseana Miq.

var. chamaecarpa (Ridley) Cor-
ner 50
f. obliqua Corner 50
vrieseana
: ae ee Corner

xanthoxyla Summerh. 31

Pogonotrophe borneensis Miq. 19

2B: foveolata Wall. 6

macrocarpa Miq. 7
piperifolia Miq. 19

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Me,

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. GARDENS BULLETIN
i= ae Te. SINGAPORE

Vol. XVIII, Part II 29th April, 1961

CONTENTS
Ee woe es PAGE
‘ACOBS, M.: The Generic Identity of Melia excelsa Jack - - 71
OHNSON, ANNE: The Genus Ceratopteris in Malaya - > 76

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To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore
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Published by Authority
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PRINTED BY Lee Kim HENG, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER, SINGAPORE.
1961 ©

The generic identity for Melia excelsa Jack

By M. JAcoBs

Foundation Flora Malesiana, Leyden

FROM THE FIRST, botanists have not felt quite satisfied with the
taxonomic position of Melia excelsa Jack. De Jussieu excluded
Melia excelsa (without mentioning an author’s name) from Melia,
referring it to Hartighsea (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 220.
1830). Under this genus it became confused with Dysoxylum excel-
sum Bl.; this species was placed in Hartighsea by De Jussieu, but
was later referred again to Dysoxylum. Miquel placed it, with
doubt, in Dysoxylum (Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4: 21. 1868).
Hiern, in Hooker’s Flora of British India, had it still under Melia,
with its relative M. azadirachta, but King expressed his doubts
soon after (J. As. Soc. Beng. 64, ii: 20. 1895) and his view was
shared by Corner (1939) and by Merrill (1952).

When F. H. Hildebrand, in the course of his identification work
in the Rijksherbarium at Leyden, came across this problem, he
suggested that Melia excelsa might belong to Azadirachta; Melia
and Azadirachta are allied and together form in the Meliaceae-
Melioideae the tribe of the Melieae.

The genus Azadirachta was established by De Jussieu in 1830,
with Melia azadirachta L. as the only species, which he named
Azadirachta indica Juss. A second species, A. integrifoliola, was
described by Merrill in 1909 from the Philippines. Harms, in the
second edition of the Pflanzenfamilien, gave a good description of
both genera, with many details. A few additional remarks on cer-
tain features may be made here.

A character particular to Azadirachta, which was known to
Endert and other foresters, but, as far as I know, not yet men-
tioned in literature, are the glands on the petiole base. In Azadi-
rachta there are two pairs of glands. They are not always all or
fully developed, but if they are, there is one pair of orbicular
glands, and, below, another pair of linear glands (fig. a). The
glands are rather deeply sunk, and in the herbarium it is sometimes
difficult to see them all; they are probably more conspicuous in

fs iy

Gardens Bulletin, S.

coined:

=< a. ee ee ea
=.)

Fig. a, Glands at the petiole base of Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs.
b, The same of Melia azedarach L., both x 3 (a from Cuadra
A 904, b from bb 15142).

living material. It is often discernable that they exude a blackish
resinous sap. In Melia the glands are mostly lacking and obscure;
if they are present, then there is only one pair, orbicular in shape
(fig. b).

Another distinguishing character is the appearance of the style.
In Melia it is twice as thick as in Azadirachta, approximately 4
against + mm. In both genera the stigma forms a sort of crown.
In Melia this is as wide as the style and is 4—6-lobed (fig. e). In
Azadirachta it is about twice as wide as the style and 3-lobed,
and the base of the crown is formed by a whitish-coloured ring
(fig. c-d).

In Melia the innovations are densely covered with stellate hairs;
in Azadirachta they are glabrous but the youngest parts are covered
with a sort of resinous wax-like substance, which later breaks up
into small scale-like flakes, persistent for some time, especially to-
wards the base of the petiole.

There might be another difference between the genera, since
most Melias are deciduous, whereas the Azadirachta species are
known to be evergreen, even in the driest regions.

Here follows a summary of the most striking characters to dis-
tinguish the genera from one another.

Leaves 2—3 times pinnate. Innovations stellate-hairy. Base of
the petiole occasionally with one pair of sunken orbicular

72

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. c, Stigma of Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs. d, The same of A.
indica Juss. e, The same of Melia azedarach L., all « 30 (c from
Agama 9970, d from Demandt 619, e from De Vriese & Teijsmann
Sn.)

glands. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves. Ovary 4—8-
locular, in each locule 2 ovules, serially. Style thick, stigma
4—6-lobed. Drupe with thick bony endocarp, 3-8 locules,
ine Aan Many Pere. = nn. Gaus. kaa S2R4 . GAR. Melia

Leaves simply pinnate. Innovations glabrous. Base of the
petiole mostly with 1 pair of orbicular glands and 1 pair of
elongate glands below these. Inflorescence about as long as
the leaves. Ovary 3-locular, in each locule 2 ovules, collate-
rally. Style slender, stigma on’a whitish ring, 3-lobed. Drupe
with thin endocarp, | locule and 1 seed .... Azadirachta

Melia excelsa Jack, originally described from Penang, Malaya,
has been very inadequately known for a long time, until Corner
revisited the place and located the big old trees from which, to all
probability, Jack had obtained his type material. Verification with
Jack’s type specimen, distributed by Wallich under number 1253 b
(not B) was done at Kew by Airy Shaw, as Merrill reported (1952).
Corner’s excellent description agrees perfectly with the material in
the Rijksherbarium under the name Melia excelsa, from Borneo,
Sumatra, etc., and from the Philippines under the name Azadi-
rachta integrifoliola. Merrill, the author of this species, reduced it
himself in 1952 to Melia excelsa.

From Corner’s description and from our material, the conclu-
sion must be drawn that Melia excelsa Jack actually belongs to
Azadirachta. Since A. integrifoliola has been reduced to A. excelsa,
this is again the second species in this genus.

73

Gardens Bulletin, S.
Key to the Species

Leaflets dentate; base of their basiscopical half very strongly re-
duced and cuneate. Petiole slender and hardly thickened at
the base. Stigma lobes + 4 connate. Fruit + 15 by 7 mm.,
be Pemcarp ue cee... dls 1. A. indica

Leaflets entire; base of their basiscopical half somewhat reduced,
acutish to rounded. Petiole vigorous, thickened at the base.
Stigma lobes + 2 connate. Fruit + 21 by 18 mm., pericarp
giiached to (Gesendacare. ...|........ 0m 2. A. excelsa

Adelbert identified Azadirachta with the older genus Antelaea
Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 277, t. 58 f. 2. 1788. This cannot be correct
as the fruit of Antelaea is described and depicted by Gaertner with
3 locules and 3 seeds, and there seems no reason whatever to re-
ject the ingenious interpretation by Hallier f., who referred Ante-
laea to Melia composita Willd. (Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 15: 33.
1918). According to Hiern (in Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 545. 1875)
the correct name for M. composita Willd. (1799) is M. dubia
Cav. (1789). Gaertner’s fruit could not be found in the Rijksher-
barium carpologica.

AZADIRACHTA

Azadirachta A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 220. 1830;
C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 459. 1878; Harms in E. & P., Pfi.
Fam. ili, 4: 288. 1897; ed. 2, 19b1: 102. 1940.—Antelaea
(non Gaertn.) Adelb., Blumea 6: 315. June 1948; in Backer,
Bekn. Fl. Java (em. ed.) 7A: fam. 148 p. 10. Sept. 1948.

1. Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris
19: 22056, 2 4.5. /1830; C. DG., Le. ...6,f...10;4auee e
f. 160 M-S. 1897; Lc. f. 26 M-S. 1940.—Melia azadirachta
L., Sp. Pl. 385. 1753.—Melia indica (A. Juss.) Brandis, For.
Fil. NW. & C. India 67. 1874.—Antelaea azadirachta (L.)
Adelb., l.c.

Distribution.—Native in Upper Burma (Brandis, Ind. Trees 139.
1906); cultivated throughout India, NW. to the River Sutlej, Cey-
lon, Indo-Chinese peninsula (not in Malaya), E. Java (incl. also
Madura I.) to Sumbawa.

Uses.—This important tree is held sacred by Hindus; the fine
wood is appreciated for the making of idols, for furniture and
construction. The sap is drunk as a medicinal beverage. The oil
extracted from the fruits is used medicinally, for dyeing, and for

74

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

lighting purposes. The gum comes not far behind Gum Arabic in
value. Bark and leaves are also applied in medicine.

Specimens (only numbered ones, and in the Rijksherbarium).-—-
India: d’Alleizette 1172; ed. Hohenacker 765; Perrottet 90; Wight
407. Burma: Kurz 2041. Siam: Kerr 542; Zimmermann 100.
Indo-China: Pierre 872. Java: Backer 52 and 36337; Blume 94;
Boschbouwproefstation Ja-series 2255; Demandt 619; Hochreuti-
ner Pl. Bogor. Exsicc. 140 and 141; Koorders 4700, 14570,
14836, 14837, 14838, and 14912; Van der Meer & Den Hoed
2053; Pl. Junghuhnianae ined. 223. Bali: Boschbouwproefstation
bb-series 13267. Lombok: Elbert 684. Sumbawa: Zollinger 3378.

2. Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs, comb. nov.—Melia
excelsa Jack, Mal. Misc. 1, 1: 12. 1820; Corner, Gard. Bull.
S.S. 10: 263, f. 1—2, 1939; Merr. J. Arn. Arb. 33; 235.
1952.—A. integrifoliola Merr., Philip. J. Sc. 4: Bot. 272.
1909.

Distribution.—Sumatra, Mplayay Borneo, Philippines, Aru Is-
lands, New Guinea.

Uses.—In Malaya as well as in Borneo the timber is valued for
house-building; in Malaya the young shoots are eaten as a
vegetable.

Specimens (only numbered ones, and in the Rijksherbarium).—
Sumatra: Boschbouwproefstation bb-series, 23552, 23666, and
31664. Borneo: Agama 9227 and BNB 9970; Angian BNB
10489; Arumpod A 1715; Asah Anak Unyong BRUN 3123;
Ashton BRUN 889; bb-series 23990, 23991, 24175, 26069,
26631, 26632, 27752, 29263, and 29414; Cenabre FB 29195 (in
A; distributed under Ailanthus philippinensis Merr., a Simaru-
bacea); Cuadra A 904; Harvey A 148. Palawan: Elmer 12638.
Aru Is: bb 25388. New Guinea: Koster BW 4471; Mangold BW
2198; Schram BW 1787; Versteegh BW 701 and BW 3986.

75

The Genus Ceratopteris In Malaya

By ANNE JOHNSON

Department of Botany,
University of Malaya, Singapore

DEVOL (1957) HAS REPORTED confusion between the two species
Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brong. and Ceratopteris pteridoides
(Hook.) Hieronymus in the identification of Asian material. Pre-
viously it was believed that Ceratopteris pteridoides occurred only
in America, where it is found from 30°N to 27°S in wet tropical
and sub-tropical habitats. DeVol found that plants previously col-
lected from Central China, Tonkin, Annam, Cochin China and
Cambodia are in fact Ceratopteris pteridoides.

Benedict (1909) used annulus characters to distinguish species
of Ceratopteris. Other authors have assumed that Ceratopteris pte-
ridoides could be separated from Ceratopteris thalictroides by its
very poorly developed annulus consisting of a few cells only, with-
out a stomium. While this is true for American plants, DeVol
found that plants of both species collected from Eastern Asia all
had a well-developed annulus. Therefore it seems that this cha-
racter is unreliable, and Ceratopteris pteridoides is better distin-
guished by (i) habit of growth with floating, not emergent sterile
leaves, (ii) sterile leaves deltoid, simple, not repeatedly pinnate,
and (iii) stipe widest at base of lamina and tapering downwards.

Unfortunately these features can be only used for Malayan her-
barium material in those specimens which have sterile leaves, or in
which the whole stipe is in a good state of preservation. Fern col-
lectors, aware of the importance of sporangial characters in other
groups, have tended to collect fertile material only. Other features
were sought to distinguish the wealth of isolated fertile leaves. By
comparison of plants* which definitely fell into the Ceratopteris
pteridoides group sensu DeVol by virtue of their sterile leaf-type
with those which fell into the Ceratopteris thalictroides group, two
distinguishing features were found which can be applied to fertile
leaves or plants which have been collected in isolation.

*In addition to Malaysian material some South American plants were
examined for purposes of comparison.

76

Vol. XVII. (1961).
Key to Malayan species of Ceratopteris

1. Sterile leaves deltoid, usually simple with broad basal lobes.
‘ Stipe broader above than below. Transitional leaves deeply
pinnatifid. Fertile leaves very finely dissected, ultimate seg-

ments webbed at their base, margin revolute only part-way
RE CRs Sy eee eee re eee te C. pteridoides.

1. Sterile leaves pinnately divided. Stipe long and slender, usually
broader below. Fertile leaves very finely dissected, ultimate
lobes very slender and not webbed at their base, margin
revolute whole way to vein, all the lower surface being
apne. “SES dD ed eek C. thalictroides.

Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) Hieronymus, Bot. Jahrb. 34:
561. 1905.

Sterile fronds simple, often divided into two or three lobes.
Stipe 1.5-5.5 cm. long, broadened above. Lamina broadly deltoid,
2.0-3.0 by 2.5—4.0 cm. Transitional fronds pinnatifid, with about
five pinnae. Pinnae subdivided into broad ultimate lobes, 0.2—0.6 by
1—O-—2.0 cm. Ultimate lobes usually webbed at base. Fertile fronds
three to four times subdivided. Adventitious buds often present.
Stipe very long, 9.0—25 cm. Seven to ten pinnae. Lamina oblong to
long deltoid, about 15.0 by 18.0 cm. Ultimate lobes wide, about
1.6 by 0.4 cm. distinctly webbed at the base. Margin revolute only
part way to vein, leaving a central uncovered portion. Sporangia
in one row. Annulus distinct, many celled. Spores 32, hyaline coat
with distinctive ridged pattern.

Penang: Prai, a weed of rice-land (Md. Nur Nos. 6230 and
6240).

Singapore: Seletar (Ridley); Ang Mo Kio (Ridley).

Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brogn., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom.
1821: 186.

Sterile fronds pinnatifid two to three times divided. Stipes 4.0—
10.0 cm. long, commonly broadest at the base, ultimate segments,
blunt, oblong or trapezoid to triangular about 0.6 by 0.4 cm.
Frond oblong. Transitional fronds variously divided, stipe about
13 cm., usually broader at the base than above, at least part of the
margin revolute but sporangia very few or absent. Pinnae usually
about eight. Fertile fronds variously divided, stipe about 14 cm.
long, often broader at base. Ultimate segments very numerous,

77

Gardens Bulletin, S.

often flagelliform to about 4 cm. long and 0.2 cm. broad. Margin
revolute, covering 1-2 rows of large yellow sporangia. No web-
bing at base of ultimate lobes. Whole of lower surface covered by
revolute margin. Annulus distinct, many-celled. Spores 32 or 16
with distinctive ridged pattern.

Kedah: Langkawi (C. Curtis).

Kelantan: Gong Kedah (Symington 37948), Kamposa
(Ridley).

Trengganu: Bukit Toh Beng (Md. Haniff 15337).

Province Wellesley: Tanjong Bunga (C. Curtis).

Perak: Sungei Krian Estate (Spare 1783), Thaipeng (Wray
689); no. loc. (Scortechini), Grik (Burkill & Md. Haniff
12550), Bota Kiri, near Ipoh (Md. Shah 255), Parit Bun-
tar, Krian (A.O., Krian).

Selangor: Bukit Bintang (Goodenough).
Malacca: Gambega Batu (Hervey).

Pahang: Telok Sisek, Kuantan (Henderson 22756), Kuala
Brawas (Ridley 1509).

Singapore: Changi (Ridley 4227).
Results on examination of Herbarium material

On examination of the twenty-one sheets of Ceratopteris from
Malaya available in the Singapore Herbarium, it was found that
only four of these were clearly Ceratopteris pteridoides. These
plants had been collected in Penang and Singapore. They
all showed sporangia with a many-celled annulus, but the stomium
was not always very distinct. There were always 32 spores in the
sporangia.

The other sheets mentioned above proved to be Ceratopteris
thalictroides. The sporangia, in all cases, had a distinct many-
celled annulus, the stomium was often distinct, but the number of
spores was either 32 or 16. Specimens with only 16 spores came
from Langkawi, Tanjong Bunga, Ipoh, Krian and Malacca. All
other specimens had sporangia with 32 spores only. As Benedict
(1909) has remarked, an accurate count of the number of spores
is rendered difficult by the fragile nature of the sporangial wall.
In all cases counts were made on previously unruptured sporangia,
by transferring them first to a slide and rupturing under a cover
glass. In some cases all the sporangia of a given frond were found
to be dehisced and a count was not possible. Records of 16 spores

78

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

in Ceratopteris are by no means unusual, in fact this number was
recorded in Engler and Prantl’s Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien.
However Benedict believes that this number is only found in the
species he designates C. deltoidea Benedict, which falls in the C.
pteridoides group sensu DeVol. However the Malayan specimens
did not correspond to his species but were Ceratopteris thalictroi-
des, their sterile leaves being oblong, not deltoid.

Examination of stipes

DeVol indicates that the kind of stipe is an useful feature in dis-
tinguishing C. pteridoides and C. thalictroides. In the former the
stipe was broader above and tapering below, while in C. thalic-
troides the reverse was the case or the stipe was long and slender
not tapering above. Examination of Malayan material indicated
that while this feature was reliable for sterile and most transitional
fronds it was not usable for fertile fronds. Measurements of the
width of the stipe in sterile, transitional and fertile fronds were
made at the base of the fronds and just below the point of emer-
gence of the lowest part of the lamina. Ratios of :—

width of stipe beiow

—_—___—___._________- were calculated.
width of stipe above

In the sterile fronds of C. pteridoides. this ratio was always less
than 1.0, varying from 0.45 to 0.90; while in C. thalictroides it
varied from 1.66 to 2.50; that is the base of the stipe was ap-
proximately twice the width of the top of the stipe. In the transi-
tional fronds of Ceratopteris pteridoides the ratio varied from 0.55
to unity, while in C. thalictroides it varied from 1.00-4.50. In
fertile fronds of C. pteridoides it varied from 0.66 to unity, while in
C. thalictroides it was unity or above to 5.0. Detailed results are
given below with the standard errors of the mean values.

width stipe below

Means of ratios —————_—_
width stipe above

Sterile Transitional Fertile

frond frond frond
C. pteridoides os | oe + O08 | 0.69 + 0.19 | Gee. + 0.05
C. thalictroides ee) ee Oe. ceed 0.43 PEE 0.03

79

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Within the population of C. pteridoides and C. thalictroides in
Malaya there is a significant different in the form of stipe, but for
transitional fronds and fertile fronds in both species the ratio may
approach unity in individual specimens.

Lengths of stipes

Measurements in cms. were made of the lengths of all complete
stipes available. The results are given below.

Sterile Transitional Fertile
C. pteridoides 7 1.9.2, 0.03 5.7. + 0.3584) 164. 2650
C. thalictroides igh 7.4 + 0.97 | 13.4 + 0.90 | 14.07 +1202

The stipes of the sterile and transitional fronds of C. pteridoides
were significantly shorter than those of C. thalictroides. The lengths
of the stipes of the fertile fronds showed considerable variation
in both species.

Ceratopteris thalictroides on Singapore Island

in 1959 Miss Elizabeth Periathamby* made a survey of the
iuorphology, anatomy and distribution of water-ferns on Singapore
Island. She found Ceratopteris thalictroides only at Yio Chu Kang
and on the Jalan Tebal. She did not find C. pteridoides at any of
the 318 ponds on Singapore Island which she visited.

The Ceratopteris thalictroides was found rooted along the
margin and some distance inwards in Eichornia crassipes ponds
and also in one fish-pond. Sterile fronds were in all cases pinnatifid
with some of the pinnae lobed. The occurrence of buds was noted
in the sinuses of the lobes and at the apices. Sterile fronds growing
in pots of damp earth produced fronds which were not always pin-
natifid, some were irregularly lobed and some linear. Such strange
fronds were never observed under field conditions.

The fertile fronds also produced adventitious buds covered by a
small scale. Sterile fronds were formed on burying these fronds in

soil.

*Contribution to the Morphology, Anatomy and Distribution of the
Water-Ferns in Singapore. Thesis B.sc. (Honours) 1959.

80

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

All specimens of Ceratopteris collected in recent years in Singa-
pore Island by the author have proved to be C. thalictroides, not
C. pteridoides.

Conclusion

Ceratopteris pteridoides and C. thalictroides both occur in
Malaya but the former has only been found in Penang and Singa-
pore. While it is easiest to distinguish the two species on their
habit and shape of sterile leaves, it is possible to distinguish fertile
leaves by webbing at the base of the ultimate lobes, and by the
degree of revolution of the margin. In Malayan specimens of C.
pteridoides the annulus is distinct and many-celled, but the sto-
mium may be absent. The number of spores was always 32. In C.
thalictroides there was a many-celled annulus often with a distinct
stomium. The number of spores may be 16 or 32.

The width of the stipe above and below was only a reliable
feature for sterile and transitional fronds. The lengths of these
stipes was significantly shorter in C. pteridoides.

References

Benedict, R. C. (1909) ... The genus Ceratopteris: a pre-
liminary revision. Bull. Tor-
rey. Bot. Club 36, 463-476.

DeVol, Charles E. (1957) .. The geographical distribution
of Ceratopteris pteridoides.
American Fern Journal, 47,
67-72.

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to Professor R. E. Holttum who first brought
DeVol’s paper to my attention, and who suggested that Malayan
material should be examined. I also wish to thank the Director of
the Botanic Gardens for the loan of Herbarium material.

81

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CONTENTS

PAGE

CorNER, E. J. H.:Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Soa eee and
Australasia, Addendum - - - - 83

SINcLaR, J.: A New epreies of Goniothalamus from Peat Swamp
Forest in Borneo - - - > - 98

SINCLAR, J.: Florae Malesianae Precursores—XXXI. The Genus
Knema (Myristicaceae) in Malaysia and outside, Malaysia ms 102
OBITUARY: J. A. Le Doux - - - - = - 328
Book REVIEW: = grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan - 330

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QDAAADAADMBAAAADAAAAAVAVBABABA ADAYA AAAAAMAVWAAAUAAUAAAAAMAAM

MANAAAANANAAAAAAAAALRAAAAA

Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn.,
Asia and Australasia
Addendum
By E. J. H. CORNER

Botany School, University of Cambridge

Summary

New species and varieties.—

subgen. Urostigma, F. novoguineensis Corner (New Guinea),
F. heteromeka Corner (New Guinea); subgen. Pharmacosycea, F.
edelfeltii King var. bougainvillei Corner (Bougainville Isl.); sub-
gen. Ficus sect. Rhizocladus, F. oxymitroides Corner var. brevipes
Corner (New Guinea); sect. Sycidium, F. gul Laut. et K. Schum.
var. eubracteata Corner, (New Guinea), F. ampelas Burm. f. var.
hispidula Corner (Celebes), F. quercetorum Corner (New Guinea),
F. imbricata Corner var. subcordata Corner (Bougainville Isl.),
F. arawaensis Corner (Bougainville Isl.), F. jaheriana Corner
(Borneo); sect. Sycocarpus, F. neobritannica Corner (New Bri-
tain), F. subcongesta Corner (New Britain) and var. symmetrica
Corner (Bougainville Isl.), F. hispidioides S. Moore var. flavescens
Corner and var. succosa Corner (New Guinea, New Britain), F.
macrothyrsa Corner (Bougainville Isl.).

Earlier epithet—F. amplissima J. E. Sm. (F. tsiela Roxb.).

A journey to New Guinea, New Britain, and Bougainville Island,
August to October 1960, enabled me to study the fig-flora of these
countries, which I had hitherto known only from the herbarium.
That I was able to accomplish so much was due to the great help
which I received from the Division of Botany of the Department
of Forest, Territory of New Guinea, in particular to the Chief,
J. R. Womersley, and his assistant, E. Henty, and to the Forest-
Officers E. C. G. Gray and K. J. White. The journey to Bougain-
ville Island was made possible through the hospitality of Mr. F. R.

83

Gardens Bulletin, S-

McKillop, Arawa Plantation near Kieta, with whom Mr. Womer-
sley and I stayed. I tender my grateful thanks to these persons
and to the Administration of the Territory of New Guinea which
extended much hospitality.

subgen. Urostigma Mig. sect. Leucogyne Corner
F. amplissima J. E. Sm. Rees Cyclop. 14 (1810) n. 68; Miquel,
Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 580; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3
(1867) 287.—F. tsiela Roxb. ex Buch. Ham. Tr. Linn. Soc. 15
(1826) 149; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 549.—-Smith’s species
was based solely on Tsiela of Rheede (Hort. Mal. III, 85, t. 63)
and is therefore an earlier name than F. tsiela Roxb.

subgen. Urostigma Mig. sect. Conosycea (Migq.) Corner
F. novoguineensis sp. nov.—Arbor magna epiphytica suffocans.
glabra vel ramuli petiolisque primo puberulis dein glabris, recep-
taculis primo dense sericeo-pubescentibus. Ramuli 4-5 mm.
crassi. Stipulae —18 mm. longae. Lamina 10-18.5 x 3.5-7.5
cm., elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata,
saepe subauriculata, tenue coriacea, levis, sicco brunnea: cos-
tis lateralibus utrinsecus 10—14: intercostis —7, vix elevatis: cos-
tis basalibus utrinsecus 1 (—2), brevibus: petiolo 15-47 mm.
Receptacula axillaria binata, maturitate brunnea v. flavescentia:
pedunculo 7-25 & 2 mm., superne haud v. vix dilatato, piiis
albis v. aureis 0.5—0.7 mm. longis dense pubescenti: bracteis
basalibus 3, 3-6 mm. longis, ovato-acutis, appresse pilosis:
corpore receptaculi 18-20 « 17—18 mm., subellipsoideo, dense
pubescenti dein glabrescenti, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus
3 in discum planum 4 mm. latum instructis occluso: setis internis
nullis. Perianthia gamophylla, mascula 2-lobata, feminea 2-3-
lobata. Laminae pagina inferior cuticula plicata, ut in F. annu-
lata Bl., praedita. Territory New Guinea, New Britain, in silvis.
NGF 7863, Morobe District, Wau-Salamana road: NGF 11658
and 12456, Lae Botanic Garden (typus, herb. Lae, eadem arbore
collectae): Clemens 1833, Morobe, trail to Wareo, 500 m. alt.:
Corner s.n., Rabaul, 4 Oct. 1960.
F. chrysolepidis Miq. affinis, sed receptaculis semper minoribus,
pedunculis brevioribus, bracteis basalibus majoribus. Forsan F.

84

Vol. XVII. (1961).

chrysolepidis varietas, sed arbores numerosas inspexi et semper
distinctas.

subgen. Urostigma (Gasp.) Mig. sect. Malvanthera Corner ser.
Malvanthereae subser. Hesperidiiformes Corner

F. heteromeka sp. nov.—Arbor parva, —6 m. alta. Stipulae, costa
media, et receptacula breviter albidopubescentes, glabrescentes.
Ramuli 8—12 mm. crassi. Stipulae -65 mm. longae. Lamina 14—
30 & 6-11 cm., oblongo-elliptica, acuta, basi cuneata, coriacea,
integra, sicco cervino-brunnea: costis lateralibus primariis utrin-
secus 24—27, angulo lato exorientibus, ut in F. elastica, minute
brunneo-areolatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, brevibus:
petiolo 70-110 & 5 mm. Receptacula axillaria subsessilia, rub-
ro-aurantiaca et rubromaculata: pedunculo 5—7 mm. longo,
crasse obconico, ad basim 8 mm. lato, superne 12-14 mm. lato
expanso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1 * 5—6 mm., anguste crescenti-
formibus, caducis: corpore receptaculi 48-65 « 30-35 mm.,
oblongo-ellipsoideo, ostiolo haud umbonata sed triradiato-inciso:
pariete crasso sclerotico. Flores ut in F. hesperidiiforme King.
Cystolitha hypergena, stomatibus valde immersis. West New
Guinea (Adjar, Kebar Valley, 1,100 m. alt., in silvis, incol.
Marapa): BW 6881 (typus, herb. Leiden).
F. mafulensis Summerh. affinis sed receptaculo haud umbonata,

costis primariis lateralibus pluribus. ;

subgen. Pharmacosycea Mig. sect. Oreosycea Miq.
ser. Nervosae Corner
F. edelfeltii King var. bougainvillei Corner v. nov. Fig. 1.
—Receptacula pedunculis bracteisque basalibus longioribus, brac-
teis lateralibus 3 saepe praedita: pedunculo 5-28 mm. longo:
bracteis basalibus 3, 5—9 mm. longis, ovato-lanceolatis, acutis:
pedicello 0-5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibus 3 (4), 3-6 mm.
longis, ad medium receptaculum vel apicem versus plus minus
verticillatis, nonnunquam deficientibus. Bougainville Isl., Crown
Prince Mountains et Siwai.
NGF 13559, 13568, 13570 (typus, herb. Lae); J. H. L. Water-
house B313.
Bracteae laterales in Pharmacosycea singulares.

85

Gardens Bulletin, S.

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Fig. 1. F. edelfeltii var. bougainvillei (NGF 13570), x 2.

subgen. Ficus sect. Rhizocladus Endl. ser. Ramentaceae Corner
subser. Balanotae Corner

F. oxymitroides Corner var. brevipes Corner v. nov. Fig. 2.—
Pedunculo breviore, bracteis apicalibus vix projicientibus differt.
Glabra, ramuli primo pilis pallidis patentibus 1-3 mm. longis
tenue pubescentes. Lamina 4-12 * 1.5-4 cm., ovato-elliptica
v. ovato-lanceolata, apicem versus gradatim acuminata: costis
lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, intercostis —4 laxis: costis basalibus
4-4 laminae: petiolo 4-10 mm. longo. Receptacula 6-10 mm.
lata, subellipsoidea, ostiolo plano 2 mm. lato, haud immerso,
subannulato, bracteis apicalibus ad 0.5 mm. projicientibus:
pedunculo 0.5—2 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1.5—2 mm.
longis, ovatis, obtusis, appresse puberulis caducis; pedicello 1.5—
4 mm. longo: setis internis paucis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis
in pariete interno. New Guinea, in silvis montanis, 300—1,600
m. alt.

F. pantonianam King v. colobocarpam Corner revocans sed
ostiolo plano et haud rubigino-furfuracea.

NGF 12935 (typus, herb. Lae), Woirrapi, Papua, leg. E. J. H.
Corner et E. C. G. Grey, 1,600 m. alt., 24 Aug. 1960; BW 6126,
Vogelkop Peninsula, Tehach, south of Lake Ajamaroe, on lime-
stone rocks, 275 m. alt.

86

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 2. F. oxymitroides (NGF 11418) and var. brevipes (lower left, NGF
: 12935). Leaf x 4, figs x 1.

sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Sycidium ser. Phaeopilosae Corner

F. gul Laut. et K. Schum. var. eubracteata Corner v. nov. Fig. 3.
—Receptacula axillaria, plerumque solitaria, bracteis lateralibus
lanceolatis conspicuis, pilis albidis 0.5—-1 mm. longis dense vil-
losa, purpurascentia: pedicello 6-14 mm. longo, bracteis late-
ralibus 7-10 mm. longis, appresse puberulis: corpore recepta-
culi 10-13 mm. lato (-25 mm. vivo), subpyriformi, bracteis
lateralibus lanceolatis 4-8 mm. longis, bracteis apicalibus 2—4
mm. longis projicientibus: setis internis paucis: cellulis sclero-
ticis in pariete nullis. Novellae pilis 1-3 mm. longis dense brun-
neo-tomentosae. Lamina -30 x 15 cm., elliptica v. ovata,
acuminata, basi subcordata, denticulata, supra subscabrida, sub-
tus villosa: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, basalibus 2,
4-3 laminae elongatis: petiolo 20-70 mm. Terr. New Guinea.
Morobe District, pr. Wau, 900 m. alt. pr. rivulo.
Ut v. solomonensis Corner sed bracteis lateralibus evolutioribus.

ad F. complexam Corner approximans.
NGF 12482 (typus, herb. Lae), 12483, leg J. A. R. Anderson

et E. J. H. Corner, Sept. 11, 1960.

87

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Vol. XVII. (1961).

sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Sycidium ser. Scabrae Miq.

F. ampelas Burm. f. var. hispidula Corner var. nov.—Lamina pilis
erectis minutis albidis supra scabrido-hispidula, subtus veluti-
nata. Receptacula minute et dense hispido-puberula. Celebes
(Pangkadjena), Teysmann 11905 et 12242 (typus herb. Bogor.):
ad lapides.

Receptacula, flores feminei, et semina ut in v. ampelas, lamina
scabrido-hispidula F. tinctoriam Forst. f. ssp. swinhoei (King)
Corner revocans.

F. quercetorum Corner sp. nov.—F. tonsa Miq. v. aspera Corner.
Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1960) 463.—Species ipsa variabilis mon-
ticola suffruticosa v. subarborea, villosa v. scabrido-puberula.
Lamina scaberrima inequilateralis. Receptacula 8-13 mm. lata:
pedunculo 1.5-5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis
internis —1 mm. longis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete
copiosis. Terr. New Guinea, Papua, in querceto, nothofageto, et
pandaneto, 1,500—2,500 m. alt., late dispersa.

Plantas vivas inspexi speciminaque sicca nova. Forsan F. odo-
ratae Blanco affinis.

NGF 4863 (typus, herb. Lae), 12938 (Woitapi, Papua); R. G.
Robbins 785, 881 (Eastern Highlands).

F. imbricata Corner var. subeordata Corner comb. nov. Fig. 4.—
F.. tonsa Mig. v. subcordata Corner, Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1960)
464.—Study of living trees in Bougainville Island has shown me
that the slender peduncle and pedicel are characteristic of the alli-
ance of F. imbricata and F. arawaensis, rather than of the
westerly F. tonsa. Hence I transfer this variety.

F. arawaensis Corner sp. nov. Fig. 4.—Arbor —12 m. alta, cauli-
flora, latice albo, foliis distichis, ex integra glabra. Ramuli 2—
2.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae 7-12 mm. longae, binatae, lanceolatae,
caducae. Lamina 10-27 « 2.5-8 cm., lanceolato-elliptica, acu-
minata apice 10-20 mm. longo, basi cuneata symmetrica v.
latere acroscopico latior, non auriculata, repando-subdentata v.
integra, membranacea v. subcoriacea, levis, sicco viridibrunnea:
costis lateralibus utrinsecus 11—16, obliquis, vix inarcuatis, sub-
tus elevatis: intercostis 5—11, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus
utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis basalibus nullis v. vix evolutis:
petiolo 7-14 mm. longo. Receptacula e ramulis efoliatis nodu-
losis -20 « 4—5 mm. evoluta, e basi trunci ad ramos: pedun-
culo 4-12 0.7 mm.: bracteis basalibus 3, 0.5 mm. longis,
obtusis, minutis: pedicello 4-16 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi
9-10 mm. lato, subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus deficientibus,

89

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Fig. 4. F. imbricata (1, Waterhouse 818), var. subcordata (2, NGF 13768),
and F.. arawaensis (3, NGF 13557). Leaves x 3, figs x 1.

apice in statu sicco mamillato, bracteis apicalibus numerosis,
minutis, obtusis: setis internis 0.3 mm. longis, numerosis, albi-
dis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Tepala 4—6 spathulata rubra libera
albido-hispidula: pedicellis rubescentibus glabris. Flores mas-
culi ordinibus 2—3 ostiolaribus instructi, pedicellati v. juxta os-
tiolum sessiles: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedi-
cellati. Cystolitha amphigena. Bougainville Island (Arawa pr.
Kieta), NGF 13557 (typus, herb. Lae), leg. E. J. H. Corner Oct.
7, 1960. |

F. imbricatae Corner affinis sed cauliflora, lamina non auri-

culata, costis lateralibus pluribus.

90

Vol. XVII. (1961).

sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Palaeomorphe (King) Corner
ser. Fibrosifoliae Corner

F. jaheriana Corner sp. nov.—Species grandifoliosa, glabra. Ramuli
4—5 mm. crassi, pallide ochracei. Stipulae breves, caducae.
Lamina 14-47 8-17 cm., oblonga v. late elliptica, apice —30
mm. longo acuminata, saepe asymmetrica, basi cordata, integra,
coriacea, supra levis, subtus scabrida, sicco supra grisea, subtus
fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, distantibus,
subtus valde elevatis, glandulis axillaribus deficientibus v. una in
axilla infima: intercostis 1—3, laxis, elevatis: costis basalibus
latere latiore 3—4, altero 2—3, brevibus, glandula axillari una.
Receptacula ramiflora: pedicello 4—7 mm. longo: corpore recep-
taculi S—8 mm. lato, scabridulo, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo
vix immerso: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores
masculi et cecidiophori ut in F’. obscura: tepalis glabris, minute
denticulatis. Flores feminei et semina ? Cystolitha hypogena:
fibris sclereidiformibus in mesophyllo copiosis. Borneo (Sungei
Tjehen, Kalimintang), leg. (Jaheri 1288 (typus, herb. Bogor.),
1289.

Species inter F. obscuram Bl. et F. nidotis Corner, sed lamina
magna valdivenosa basi cordata distinctissima. Fici specierum col-
lectoris insignis, Jaheri, in memoriam dedicata.

sect. Sycocarpus Migq. subsect. Sycocarpus
- Ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Calopilinae Corner

F. neobritannica Corner sp. nov. Fig. 5.—Arbor —10 m. alta,
sparsim ramosa, cauliflora, latice albo copioso, foliis spiraliter
instructis. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, nervique pilis obscure v.
laete brunneis 1-2 mm. longis hispidi. Ramuli 5—7 mm. crassi
(8—10 mm., vivo), internodis brevibus. Stipulae —35 mm. longae.
ovato-lanceolatae, hispidae, caducae. Lamina 30-40 x 18-28
cm., obovata, apice S—18 mm. longo breviter acuminata, basi
plus minus cordata, denticulata, membranacea, hispida, supra
scabrida, sicco subviridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-13,
marginem versus furcata, glandula axillari ad furcas: intercostis
6—11, sublaxis, subtus leniter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus
3-5, brevibus: petiolo 25-110 mm. longo, hispido, glandula
viridi subnodali praedita. Ramuli fertiles efoliati, cauliflori, —20
cm. longi, basi 8-12 mm. crassi, sparsim ramosi, internodis
2-8 mm. longis, congesti, apicibus stipulis 6-9 mm. longis
caducis obtectis, hispidi. Receptacula hispido-villosa, maturitate
ochracea: pedunculo 5—7 cm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, in
collare plus minus instructis, 5-8 mm. longis, subpersistentibus:

91

Gardens Bulletin, S.

~
=

<=

~sS

vaae
~~

Ae
—

eetg ts tatat

>
.

Potun
SY

nies
ey

os
23-6 @ 6 f.5e
Ce eta

Fig. 5. F. neobritannica (NGF 13787). Leaf and figs x 4, female flower
and seeds < 8, fig-orifice x 1.

9?

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

receptaculi corpore 17—22 mm. lato (35-45 mm., vivo), sub-
globoso v. sicco breviter ellipsoideo, bracteis lateralibus nullis,
ostiolo inter bracteas apicales numerosas alte immerso, bracteis
apicalibus marginalibus 7-9 gibbosis 3—4 mm. longis: setis
internis paucis, 1 mm. longis, pallide brunneis: cellulis scleroticis
in pariete receptaculi seminiferi 4-5 mm. crasso nullis. Flores
feminei pedicellati: perianthio brevi ad basim ovarii stipitis ut
cingula: ovario rufo-brunneo: stylo sparsim barbato. Semina |

mm. longa, lentiformia, vix carinata, levia v. subasperata, hilo

subprominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain, Keravat, in

vallibus arctis in silvis,s NGF 13787 (typus, herb. Lae).

F. praestantis Corner similis et in silvis congregata, sed recep-
taculis bracteis lateralibus deficientibus. A F. pachyrrachis stipulis
caducis, basi laminae plus minus cordato, costis basalibus brevibus,
bracteis basalibus brevioribus inter alia differt.

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata
subser. Congestae Corner

F. subcongesta Corner sp. nov. Fig. 6.—Arbor —20 m. alta. Folia
subdisticha v. opposita. Ramuli petioli stipulaeque primo dense
appresse fuscobrunneo-hirsuti, pilis 0.5-1 mm. longis: costae
subtus pilis fuscobrunneis sparsis praeditae: lamina supra
sparsim appresse pilosa. Ramuli 2.5—3.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae
12—20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 8—25 x 3-10 cm., elliptica
v. obovata, apice 7-15 mm. longo acuminata, basi subcordata
v. cuneata, saepe inequilaterali, subdenticulata v. integra, vix
scabrida, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-9 v. 8-11,
ascendentibus, intercostis ~9: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3,
brevibus: petiolo 10-30 mm. longo, glandula subnodali saepe
praedito. Receptacula ramiflora et cauliflora, ad ramulos
efoliatos, seminiferos —26 cm. longos sine internodis, cecidi-
ophoros —60 cm. longos internodis S—20 mm. longis, maturitate
carnea v. rufobrunnea: pedunculo 3—20 mm. longo: bracteis
basalibus 1—2 mm. longis, lanceolatis, persistentibus: pedicello
nullo: corpore receptaculi 9-12 mm. lato (seminifero), 12—17
mm. lato (cecidiophoro), subgloboso, apicem versus 5-gibboso,
ostiolo vix depresso: setis internis paucis v. nullis: cellulis
scleroticis paucis v. nullis. Perianthium cecidiophorum ovarium
rufo-brunneum obtegens v. incisum; femineum ovarium rufo-
brunneum obtegens. Stilus femineus glaber v. sparsim et bre-
vissime puberulus. Semina 0.8—0.9 mm. longa, asperata, vix
carinata, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain,
in silvis.

93

Gardens Bulletin, S.

™~

KEMARD
NG + VAN

ates amare QT K
slamoy ‘| X say ‘fF X saavo, (1LStl AON ‘Z) DSAKYION
pue “(p0S9 AON ‘Stomoy seuss ‘EgLEl ADN ‘1) Pesaduoogns “4 °9 ‘SI

IoUul *

94

Vol. XVII. (1961).

F. congestae Roxb. in herbario persimilis, sed in statu vivo re-
ceptaculis 5-gibbosis, ostiolo haud depresso, minoribus facile dis-
tinguenda. Arbores numerosas inspexi.

NGF 13547 (typus, herb. Lae), 13783, Keravat; NGF 6504,
West Nakanai, Galilo village pr. Cape Hoskins.

var. symmetrica Corner v. nov.—Lamina ad basim angustato-
cordata symmetrica, arborum juvenilium valde ovato-cordata.
Ramuli fertiles stoloniformes a basi trunci ad 3 m. longi orientes,
internodis 3—7 cm. longis, 3—4 mm. crassis, plus minus geocarpici:
bracteis basalibus 2-3 mm. longis: pedicello in aetate viva 3-7
mm. longo. Bougainville Isl., Crown Prince Mountains, 700-1200
m. alt.; NGF 13735 (typus, herb. Lae), 13737.

Small tree —8 m. high: latex white. Leaves spirally arranged to
opposite. Twigs, stipules, petioles, and underside of the main veins
rather closely appressedly hairy with dark brown hairs 1—-1.5 mm.
long, the underside of the smaller veins thinly villous with paler
spreading hairs —O.5 mm. long: upperside of the lamina thinly
white hairy. Twigs 2.5-3 mm. thick. Stipules —15 mm. long.
Lamina 12-20 « 5-7 cm.., elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acuminate
with the tip —17 mm. long, base narrowed cordate and sym-
metrical, membranous, minutely denticulate, slightly scabrid on
both sides, subvillous beneath, drying grey-brown: saplings with
ovate-elliptic lamina —26 x 11 cm., base broadly and symmetri-
cally cordate: lateral nerves 6-8 pairs: intercostals 3—6, rather
lax, raised below: basal nerves 3 pairs, short: petiole 15-25 mm.
long, not elongate in saplings, with a subnodal gland. Figs on
stolons —3 m. long from the base of the trunk, superficial and
geocarpic, the internodes 3—7 cm. * 3—4 mm., glabrescent, the
figs ripening yellowish pink: peduncle 5-15 mm. long: basal bracts
2—3 mm. long, persistent: pedicel 3-7 mm. long (living): body
20-25 mm. wide (living), subglobose, shortly brown hairy,
glabrescent, with 5—6 humps round the slightly sunken apical
rosette 4-5 mm. wide: internal bristles none: sclerotic cells very
few in small clusters round the vascular bundles in the inner wall
of the fig. Gall-flowers with the perianth covering the red-brown
ovary. Lamina with cystoliths only on the lower side.

In leaf, hairiness, persistent basal bracts, and paucity of sclerotic
cells in the fig-wall, this agrees with F. subcongesta, but the
strongly stoloniferous fruiting twigs and the pedicellate fig-body
agree with F. macrothyrsa. It was a fairly frequent species in the
forest of the Crown Prince Mountains. Further collections may
prove its specific rank.

95

Gardens Bulletin, S.

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tubercu'ifasciculatae Sata
subser. Hispidae Corner

F. hispidioides S. Moore, J. Bot. 61 (1923) Suppl. 51.

var. hispidioides—Because of inadequate herbarium-material..
I confused this species with F. hispida. Having recently been able
to study many trees in New Guinea, I am convinced that it must be
distinguished by the lack of lateral bracts on the figs which are
borne on short, branched leafless twigs from the trunk and main
branches, and by the more obovate leaf. In F. hispida the figs are
axillary and then developed in hanging racemes, or they are pro-
duced from stolons at the base of the trunk. True F. hispida has
rarely been collected in New Guinea (Carr 11128, Papua), though
there are several collections from Queensland. The figs on different
trees of F. hispidioides show such differences that I distinguish
three varieties. The type of F. hispidioides in the British Museum.
has the small, rounded or somewhat depressed fig, and I associate
with it the trees which I found with figs that turned pink to red-
brown on ripening, though there is no note of the colour of the
fig in the type.

Coll. Forbes s.n. Kerepunu, Papua (type); Corner s.n. Blamey’s.
Retreat, Rouna, Papua, Oct. 1960.

var. flavescens Corner v. nov.—Receptacula maturitate flava,
pyriformia, 18—22 m. lata (25~35 mm., vivo): pedunculo —30 mm.
longo. Papua, New Britain, in silvis, saepe riparia, et in vallibus
arctis sub Eucalypto.

Carr 11316, 11489 (Kanosia); Corner s.n. Brown River, et s.n.
Blamey’s Retreat, Rouna Valley; NGF 12591, Rouna Valley
(typus, herb. Lae), 13778 (Keravat, New Britain).

var. succosa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula maturitate flava,
depresso-globosa 25—35 mm. lata (5—7 cm., vivo): bracteis basali-
bus 3-4 & 2.5—3.5 mm. Ramuli, petioli, costae subtus plus minus
albido-villosi. Terr. New Guinea, Papua, New Britain, in silvis,
saepe riparia.

Brass 28080 (Sudest Isl., Rambuso, det. F. calopilina); Corner
s.n. Lae, et s.n. Bulolo, 1960; Hoogland 3372 (Popondetta, det.
F. calopilina); NGF 5700 (typus, herb. Lae), pr. Lae: NGF 13552
(Rabaul).

This variety has been much confused by myself and others with

F. calopilina, which is a mountain species with brown setose-hairy
figs.

96:

Vol. XVII. (1961).

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata
subser. Tuberculifasciculatae

F. macrothyrsa Corner sp nov.— Arbor —15 m. alta, cauliflora,
latice albo. Folia disticha v. apud ramulos opposita inequalia.
Ramuli petioli pilis albidis v. brunneolis —-1 mm. longis sparsim
appresse hirsuti, costae subtus sparsius. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi.
Stipulae —25 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 12-20 x 5-10
cm., elliptica, subasymmetrica, apice -12 mm. longo acuminata,
basi plus minus asymmetrica, uno latere rotundata, altero
cuneata, binarum minor symmetrica et subcordata, integra,
tenuiter coriacea, levis, sicco pallide brunneo: costis lateralibus
utrinsecus 6—8 inarcuatis, intercostis 2—4 laxis: costis basalibus
utrinsecus 1—2 brevibus: petiolo 10-30 mm. longo, glandula
subnodali saepe praedito. Receptacula e ramulis elongatis
efoliatis glabris —2 m. longis, basi 10-15 mm. crassis, internodis
10-40 mm. longis, producta, a parte basali trunci pendentibus,
inferioribus ad terram crescentibus haud geocarpicis, ramulis
longis paucis, ramulis brevibus —4 cm, longis receptacula con-
gesta gerentibus numerosis, ipsa maturitate brunnea: pedunculo
5—20 mm. long: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5—3 mm. longis, lanceo-
latis, caducis: pedicello 1-5 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 14—
17 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, subtruncata, e basi ad bracteas
apicales 5-6 subgibbosas leniter costato, ostiolo haud depresso:
setis internis brevibus, albidis, sparsis: cellulis scleroticis in
pariete receptaculi cecidiophori copiosis. Perianthium cecidi-
ophorum ovarium rufobrunneum obtegens. Flores feminei ?
Cystolitha hypogena. Bougainville Island (Crown Prince Mts.),
in silvis prope rivulos 500 m. alt., NGF 13571 (typus, herb.
Lae).

Inter F. subcongestam Corner et F. arfakensem King sed recep-
taculo pedicellato bracteis basalibus caducis, ramulis stoloniformi-
bus robustis distincta. Ad specimina F.. arfakensis ex insulis Solo-
monensibus approximans sed his modis et laminis receptaculisque
majoribus distincta.

97

A New Species of Goniothalamus

from Peat Swamp Forest in Borneo
By JAMES SINCLAIR

Mr. J. A. R. ANDERSON of the Forest Department, Kuching,
Sarawak has, on several occasions, sent me duplicates of a Gonio-
thalamus from Borneo which he could not match and which he
wished to include for publication in his paper, “The Flora of the
Peat Swamp Forests of Sarawak and Brunei, including a catalogue
of all recorded species of flowering plants, ferns and fern allies.”
When I visited Sarawak and Brunei last year, July to September
1960, he again reminded me about it and showed me more sheets
of it in the Herbarium at Kuching. It has been found in several loca-
lities in Sarawak and Brunei and is confined mostly to peat swamp
forest or wet forest with a certain amount of peat. Ashton obtained
it from the Shorea albida swamps at Seria and Bukit Puan in
Brunei where there is some sand in the soil as well as peat. I looked
for it in these and other localities in Brunei, but unfortunately did
not find it myself. I am now describing it as a new species and
have named it in honour of J. A. R. Anderson.

Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 1.

Species affinis G. tavoyensi et G. tapi; a priore foliis magis
coriaceis, nervis pluribus, sepalis obtusis, petalis exterioribus longi-
oribus, stipitibus carpellorum longioribus distinguitur; ab altero
ramulis atro-fuscis (non rubro-brunneis nec stramineis), foliis in
sicco pallidioribus, carpellis stipitatis recedit.

Arbor 10-15 m. alta. Cortex atrofuscus, levis, odoratus.
Ramuli atro-fusci vel nigrescentes, striati, glabri. Folia coriacea
vel subcoriacea, elliptico-oblonga vel oblonga, supra _ brun-
neo-viridia in sicco, interdum nitida, subtus pallidiora, apice
rotundata obtuse apiculata, basi acutiuscula, 12—21 cm. longa,
5—8 cm. lata; costa supra insculpta, subtus elevata; nervi 10—
14-jugati, graciles, utrinque elevati, prominuli, nervi secundarii
primariis breviores; reticulationes graciles utrinque visibiles;
petioli 1.5—2 cm. longi. Flores solitarii, axillares vel ex axillis
foliorum delapsorum orti. Pedicelli tenues, 1 cm. longi. Sepala
coriacea, semiorbiculata, reticulata, prope basin cordata, immo
basi connata, 5 mm. longa, 1 cm. lata. Petala flava; exteriora
puberula, 4 cm. longa, medio 1 cm. lata, supra medium longe et
anguste acuminata, basi truncata; interiora in partibus liberis

98

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 1. Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and flowers. B, dissection of flower to show calyx,
outer and inner petals. C, staminode or infertile outer stamen.
D, stamen. E, carpel. F, seed. G, ovary with style and stigma.
All drawings from Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAR 5901 (SING
holotype).

99

Gardens Bulletin, S.

tomentella, intus glabra, mitriformia, apice acuta, 8 mm.—1 cm.
longa, 3—4 mm. lata. Stamina 2 mm. longa, connectivis tomentellis
obtuse apiculatis. Ovaria 2.5-3 mm. longa, anguste cylindrica;
stigma glabra, infundibuliforme. Carpella late elliptica, glabra, 1.5
cm. longa, 1 cm. lata; stipites 1.3-1.5 cm. longi, tenues, 2 mm.
crassi. Semen 1, nitidum badium, 1.2 cm. longum, 8 mm. latum.
Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark very dark brown, smooth, sweet-
scented. Jwigs dark brown or blackish, striate, glabrous.
_ Leaves coriaceous or sub-coriaceous, elliptic-oblong or oblong,
brownish green above when dry, also sometimes glossy, paler
and dull beneath, apex rounded and then bluntly apiculate,
base somewhat acute; midrib sunk and grooved above, raised
beneath; nerves 10—14 pairs, slender, raised on both surfaces,
slightly prominent, secondary nerves present but shorter than the
primary; reticulations fine, but visible on both surfaces; length
12—21 cm.; breadth 5—8 cm.; petiole 1.5—2 cm. long. Flowers
solitary, axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves. Pedicels thin,
1 cm. long. Sepals coriaceous, semi-circular, reticulate, cordate
near the base, connate at the very base, 5 mm. long and 1 cm.
broad. Petals bright yellow, the outer puberulous, 4 cm. long, 1
cm. broad at the middle, narrowed and drawn out into a long
acumen above the middle, truncate at the base; the inner tomen-
tulose on the exposed parts, glabrous inside, mitriform, acute at
the apex, 8 mm.—1 cm. long and 3—4 mm. broad. Stamens 2 mm.
long, the connectives obtusely apiculate and tomentulose. Ovaries
2.5—3 mm. long, narrowly cylindrical; stigmas glabrous, funnel-
shaped. Carpels broadly elliptic, glabrous, 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm.
broad; stalks 1.3—1.5 cm. long, slender, 2 mm. thick. Seed 1, shin-
ing, chestnut brown, 1.2 cm. long and 8 mm. broad.
BORNEO Sarawak: 3rd Division:—Sungei Pasir, Kut Siong
P.F., Anderson SAR 125 (SAR); Batang
Igan, Tanjong Kelapu, Sibu, Anderson
SAR 689 (SAR, SING); Naman F.R.,
Sibu, Sanusi b. Tahir SAR 5062 (SAR);
Daro F.R., Surong Irit, Binatang, Sanusi
b. Tahir SAR 5236 (SAR).
BRUNEI: Bukit Puan, Ashton SAR 7864 (SAR,
SING); Seria, Ashton, Smythies & Wood

SAR 5901 (SAR, SING); Badas, Re-
search Plot 9/2, Hassan SAR 2851

(SAR, SING).
DISTRIBUTION: Sarawak and Brunei in peat swamp forest.
TYPE MATERIAL: Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAR 5901 (SAR,

SING holotype).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Selukai (Iban); pudin (Milanau); serbah
semangun (Malay).

USES: The bark is used as a repellent against
mosquitoes.

100

Vol. XVII. (1961).

A tree of the peat swamp forest with blackish twigs, rather
coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, finely veined leaves, tomentulose,
slightly apiculate anther connectives and 1-seeded, stalked, elliptic
carpels. Because of the apiculate connectives and the somewhat
similar leaves, it would appear to be related to G. tavoyensis and
tapis and nearest to the former. It differs from it, however, in the
more coriaceous leaves with more veins, the obtuse semi-orbicular
sepals, the longer outer petals and the longer carpel stalks. It differs
from tapis in the blackish twigs, the colour of the leaves on drying,
the less sharply apiculate connectives and in the stalked carpels.
In tapis the young twigs are reddish brown, the older pale grey or
straw-coloured while the leaves dry a dull, dark brown above and
a medium brown beneath and the carpels are sessile. There is also
some superficial resemblance to the Ceylon G. hookeri, a species
with somewhat similar though broader leaves and black twigs, but
that plant would fall in another group because of its convex or
flat-topped anther connectives. Its acute sepals and smaller flowers
would also distinguish it from andersonii.

G. andersonii, apart from its affinities with these three above-
mentioned species, will not readily be mistaken for any of them.
It is more likely to be confused, especially in the herbarium with
sterile material of G. malayanus, a species of similar habitat in
peat swamp forest in Borneo. G. malayanus however, is a shrub
and has narrower, glossy leaves and pale straw-coloured twigs. The
stamen connectives are flat-topped or slightly convex and the car-
pels oblong with 2—5 seeds.

101

Florae Malesianae Precursores—-XXXI

The Genus Knema (Myristicaceae) in
Malaysia and outside Malaysia

By JAMES SINCLAIR

INTRODUCTORY PART
Explanation and Scope of this paper

THIS PAPER deals primarily with the description and distribution
of the Malaysian species of Knema outside the Malay Peninsula.
The Malay Peninsula species have already been revised by me
in Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) but their distribution out-
side Malaya, if any, is now given with a citation of specimens. The
descriptions of those species, occurring in Malaya, are not repeat-
ed, but some extra notes or new facts regarding them have been
added if deemed necessary for a better understanding of the genus.
The extra-Malaysian species had to be examined as well and are
also revised here with full descriptions and notes on distribution.
The actual non-Malaysian species are so few in number (three
species and one variety) that the additional task of including them
in the present account was in no way a burden. Thus my first paper
““A Revision of the Malayan Myristicaceae” in Gardens’ Bulletin,
Singapore 16 (1958) when taken in conjunction with this one, will
form an account of all the known species in the genus Knema.
In August 1960 I visited Sarawak and Brunei to make a special
study of Myristicaceae in the field. The original draft of this paper
had then to be altered to incorporate extra notes on bark and
field characters with the addition of new records, a few new vari-
eties and the change in status of one variety to that of a species.

Conspectus and Number of the Accepted Species after Revision

After revising Knema, I found that there are 37 species, 13
varieties and 1 form altogether, with 34 species, 12 varieties and
1 form in Malaysia. The other 3 species and 1 variety, namely
K. attenuata, erratica, linifolia and cinerea var. andamanica are
Indian, but erratica occurs in China (Yunnan), Burma and Siam
as well. Warburg lists some 39 species and 18 varieties in his mono-
graph, while Merrill adds a further 7 species in his “Enumeration

102

Vol. XVII. (1961).

of the Philippine Flowering Plants”. Some 6 further names were
created by various authors since Warburg, but of these only one
still stands, namely K. membranifolia Hubert Winkler. I have
arranged the species in alphabetical order in the text, each with
a preceding numeral. Each species is given the same corresponding
number in the keys. During my short visits to other herbaria in
1959, I found that this alphabetical arrangement was the easiest
and quickest for adding collectors’ numbers and localities to my
manuscript. The following is the revised list of species and vari-
eties in the genus.

Revised list of species and varieties of Knema

i. K. ashtonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 13. hookeriana (Hk. f. et Th.)

2. attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Warb.
3. cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 14. intermedia (Bl.) Warb.

var. cinerea 15. kinabaluensis J. Sinclair, sp.
var. andamanica (Warb.) J. ORs).
Sinclair, comb. noy. ‘16. korthalsii Warb.
var. cordata (J. Sinclair) J. 17. kunstleri (King) Warb.
Sinclair, comb. nov. var. kunstleri _
var. patentinervia (J. Sin- var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair,
clair) J. Sinclair, + var. nov.
comb. nov. 18. latericia Elmer
f. patentinervia var. latericia
f. lotetbedicellata var. albifolia J. Sinclair,
J. Sinclair, f. nov. irecanecteg a lai
bens (J. Sinclair) J var. lunduensis J. Sinclair,
var. ru : : var, ine

Sinclair, stat. nov.
var. sumatrana (Miq.) J. Sin-
clair, comb. nov.

-19. latifolia Warb.
20. laurina (Bl.) Warb.
21. linifolia (Roxb.) Warb.

4. communis J. Sinclair
; i 22. malayana Warb.
5. conferta (King) Warb. 23. mandaharan (Miq.) Warb.
6. curtisii (King) Warb. . 24. membranifolia H. Winkler
Po irr ey 8 Se 25. muscosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.
a a ae 26. oblongifolia (King) Warb.
; : var. oblongifolia
Higa 2 ninety J. Sinclair, var. var. monticola (King) Warb.
var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, 27. pectinata Warb. :
var. nov. 28. percoriacea J. Sinclair, sp. nov.
var. paludosa J. Sinclair, var. | 29. plumulosa J. Sinclair
nov. 30. retusa (King) Warb.
7. elmeri Merr. 31. rigidifolia J. Sinclair
8. erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sin- 32. rufa Warb.
clair, comb. nov. 33. scortechinii (King) J. Sinclair
9. furfuracea (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. 34. stenophylla (Warb.) J. Sinclair
10. galeata J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 35. tomentella (Miq.) Warb.
11. globularia (Lamk) Merr. 36. uliginosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.
12. glomerata (Blanco) Merr. 37. woodii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.

103

Gardens Bulletin, S.

New Species |
The following 7 are new species described in this paper:—

Knema ashtonii, K. galeata, K. kinabaluensis, K. muscosa, K.
percoriacea, K. uliginosa and K. woodii.

New Varieties

The following 7 are new varieties :—

_K. curtisii var. amoena, var. arenosa, var. linguiformis and var.
paludosa; K. kunstleri var. surigaoensis; K. latericia var. albifolia
and var. lunduensis.

New Forms
K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata is a new form.

New Combinations
The following 5 are new combinations : —
K. cinerea var. andamanica (Warb.), var. cordata (J. Sinclair),

var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) and var. sumatrana (Migq.); K.
erratica (Hk. f. et Th.).

New Status

The following receives new status :—

K. cinerea var. rubens (J. Sinclair), raised from a form to a
variety.

New Synonyms

The following 26 are new synonyms : —

a. Species reduced: —K. acuminata Merr., K. alvarezii Merr.,
K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb., K. cenabre Merr. & Quisumb.,
K. elegans Pierre ex Warb., K. insularis Merr., K. lenta Pierre
ex Warb., K. mindanaensis (Warb.) Merr., K. nitida Mertr.,
K. peltata (Roxb.).Warb., K. pierrei Warb., K. siamensis Warb.,
K. stellata Merr., K. stenocarpa Warb., K. umbellata Warb.,
K. vidalii Warb., K. winkleri Merr.

b. Binomials transferred from a synonym of one species to that
of another species: —M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th. formerly a synonym
of K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb. becomes a syn. of K. cinerea var.
andamanica (Warb.) Sinclair. K. bicolor Raf., a syn. of K. corti-
cosa Lour. becomes a syn. of K. globularia.

c. Varieties not recognized as distinct and included in their
species : —K. attenuata var. latifrons Warb., K. linifolia var. clarkei
(King) Warb.

d. Varieties transferred to another variety or species: —K. con-
ferta var. tonkinensis Warb. becomes K. laurina (B1.) Warb. K.

104

Vol. XVII. (1961).

glauca var. bancana Warb. becomes K. tometella (Miq.) Warb.
K. glauca var. nicobarica Warb. becomes (1) K. cinerea var. an-
damanica (Warb.) Sinclair and (2) K. laurina (B1.) Warb. K. inter-
media var. minor Miq. becomes K. cinerea var. sumatrana (Miq.)
Sinclair. K. laurina var. minahassae Warb. becomes K. tomentella
(Miq.) Warb.

New Records

The following are new records for the Malay Peninsula and
are not described in my first paper “A Revision of the Malayan
Myristicaceae”:—K. ashtonii and K. curtisii var. paludosa.

K. globularia is now known from (1) Pulau Beras, Atjeh,
Sumatra and also from (2) Pulau Karas in the Riouw Archipelago.
Other Knema species in Borneo, previously known from only one
region, are now known to occur in several of the Bornean terri-
tories, thanks to the work of collectors such as Kostermans,
Anderson, G. H. S. Wood and Ashton. For a complete account
and discussion see under the section Geographical Distribution.

Total Number of New Species

In undertaking the revision of Knema the total number of new
species, including those from the Malay Peninsula, described by me
is 10, representing a percentage of 27 if the total number of species
is reckoned as 37. This does not include the new varieties, nor
K. stenophylla transferred from Gymnacranthera. We can say in
general terms that a quarter of the species are new. It will be seen
from the index that there are some 79 binomials under Knema.
42 of these are either synonyms or names which cannot be used.
The latter figure represents a percentage of 53.

Vernacular Names

The common vernacular names used in Sumatra, Malaya, Java
and Borneo such as chendarah, chendaharan, dara-dara, darahan,
penara, pendarah, pendarahan and penarahan for Knema, are
equally applicable to the other genera of the Myristicaceae and it
is not necessary to repeat them under each species. Vernacular
names are therefore given only when they differ from the above-
mentioned.

Geographical Distribution
Numerical Assessment of the species in the Geographical Divisions

Having now revised material from all areas, I am in a better
position to give a more accurate and complete account of the dis-
tribution of each species and to draw general conclusions than I

105

Gardens Bulletin, S.

was in 1958, when the revision of the Malayan species only was
published. The species composition of each geographical division
is now shown. Endemic species are in bold type.

MALAYSIAN SPECIES

SUMATRA: K. cinerea vars. cordata, patentinervia f. paten-
tinervia, var. rubens and var. sumatrana; K.
conferta; K. curtisii vars. curtisii, arenosa and
paludosa; K. furfuracea; K. globularia; K.
hookeriana; K. intermedia; K. latericia var.
latericia; K. latifolia; K. laurina; K. mala-
yana; K. mandaharan; K. scortechinii. Total
13 species including 6 vars. Endemic none.

MALAY PENINSULA: XK. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata, patenti-
nervia f. patentinervia, var. rubens and
sumatrana; K. communis; K. conferta; K.
curtisii vars. curtisii and paludosa; K. furfu-
racea; K. globularia; K. hookeriana; K. inter-
media; K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; K. latericia
var. latericia; K. laurina; K. malayana; K.
mandaharan; K. oblongifolia vars. oblongi-
folia and monticola; K. plumulosa; K. retusa;
K. rigidifolia; K. scortechinii; K. stenophylla.
Total 20 species including 6 vars. Endemic 5
species + 1 var.

JAVA: K. cinerea var. sumatrana; K. intermedia; K.
laurina. Total 3 species including 1 var. En-
demic none.

LESSER SUNDA K. cinerea wars. cinerea and sumatrana. Total

ISLANDS: 1 species + 1 var. Endemic none.
BORNEO: K. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata, patenti-

nervia f. longipedicellata, vars. rubens and
sumatrana; K. communis; K. conferta; K.
curtisii vars. curtisii, amoena, arenosa, lingui-
formis and paludosa; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea;
K. galeata; K. intermedia; K. kinabaluensis;
K. korthalsii; K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; K.
K. latericia vars. latericia, albifolia and lun-
duensis; K. latifolia; K. laurina; K. membrani-
folia; K. muscosa; K. pectinata; K. percoria-
cea; K. rufa; K. uliginosa; K. woodii. Total
22 species including 9 vars, and 1 form.
Endemic 10 species + 4 vars. and 1 form.

PHILIPPINES: K. glomerata; K. korthalsii; K. kunstleri vars.
kunstleri and surigaoensis; K. latericia var.
latericia; K. tomentella. Total 5 species + 1
var. Endemic 1 ‘species and 1 var.

CELEBES: K. cinerea var. cinerea; K. tomentella. Total 2
species. Endemic none.

MOLUCCAS: K. cinerea var. cinerea; K. tomentella. Total 2
species. Endemic none.

New GUINEA: K. tomentella. Total 1 species. Endemic none.

106

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

EXTRA

MALAYSIAN SPECIES

CHINA: K. erratica; K. globularia. Total 2 species. En-
demic none.

FORMOSA: No Knema species has yet been found here.
Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo & Masa-
mune is not K. glomerata (Blanco) Merr. but
Myristica cumingii Warb. One should look
out for K. glomerata.

INDIA: K. attenuata; K. cinerea var. andamanica; K.
erratica; K. linifolia. Total 4 species in-
cluding 1 var. Endemic 1 species.

BURMA: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. erratica; K. glo-
bularia; K. laurina; K. linifolia. Total 5 spe-
cies including 1 var. Endemic none.

ANDAMANS: K. cinerea var. andamanica. Total 1 species.
Endemic none.

NICOBARS: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. laurina. Total 2
species including 1 var. Endemic none.

INDO-CHINA: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. furfuracea; K.
globularia; K. latericia var. latericia; K. lau-
rina; K. linifolia. Total 6 species including 1
var. Endemic none.

SIAM: K. cinerea vars. andamanica and sumatrana; K.

erratica; K. furfuracea; K. globularia; K.
laurina; K. linifolia; K. malayana. Total 7
species including 2 vars. Endemic none.

From a glance at this enumeration showing the number of
species in each region, it will at once be seen, that the chief centre
of distribution of Knema is in Borneo. The total number of species
is given as 22. There is a second centre of distribution in the Malay
Peninsula with 20 species and 6 varieties, and a third if we like to
call it so in Sumatra where the number of species drops to 13 with
6 varieties. As we proceed eastwards the number of species falls
off to 1 in New Guinea. Borneo also has the highest number of
endemic species, namely 10 and 4 varieties, while there are now
only 5 and 1 in the Malay Peninsula. These endemics, namely
oblongifolia, plumulosa, retusa, stenophylla and rigidifolia are all
‘very distinct plants. In my first publication “A Revision of the
Malayan Myristicaceae”, there were several more so-called “en-
demics”’, but now after examining a great deal of extra material,
the number has dwindled to 5 since many of them have turned up
either in Sumatra or in Borneo. Also recent collections from Borneo
have brought the number down. I have to stress once more the
disadvantage of a local flora as against the superiority of one like
Flora Malesiana embracing a wide area. Therefore, this present

107

Gardens Bulletin, S.

paper should be used as a guide to the distribution of Knema as
the information about it in the first account is now incomplete. It
will also be seen that Sumatra contains no known endemics and
that there are no Knema species there but which do not occur in
the Malay Peninsula. This may not always be the case, but there
is little or no botanical exploration undertaken in Sumatra at pre-
sent.

Distribution in the separate provinces of Malaya and in the
territories of Borneo

(a) Malay Peninsula

In my first paper, in a section on page 210, entitled “Scope for
future work” I stressed that records of species for the individual
states in Malaya were still incomplete and expressed hope that
some more might be obtained. The paper was completed and hand-
ed to the press at the beginning of 1957. Since then, it is gratifying
to announce that the following records have been obtained for the
first time : —

Kelantan, K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. patentinervia; com-
munis; furfuracea; hookeriana and malayana. Trengganu, K. kun-
stleri var. kunstleri. Selangor, K. curtisii var. curtisii. Negri Sem-
bilan, K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; scortechinii and stenophylla.

(b) Brunei

I have found no records of any Myristicaceae from Brunei ever
published, not even in Warburg’s monograph. Neither have I seen
a single Knema in any herbaria collected by any field workers of
the older generation. Obviously this is because this region was not
explored botanically in the past. The only records of Knema are
the ones of present day collectors, now published here. The
majority of the specimens have been collected by P. S. Ashton but
there are also a few others gathered by Anderson, Smythies, Sow,
Whitmore, G. H. S. Wood and by myself when I went to Brunei
and Sarawak in August 1960 to make a special study of Myri-
Sticaceae in the field. The species and varieties now recorded for
Brunei are listed here, but a few more may be expected to turn
up.

K. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata and sumatrana; K. curtisii
vars.amoena and curtisii; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea; K. galeata; K.
kunstleri var. kunstleri; K. latericia var. latericia; K. latifolia; K-
laurina; K. membranifolia; K. percoriacea and K. rufa.

108

Vol. XVII. (1961).

(c) Sarawak

Most of the records from Sarawak have been supplied by Beccari
and J. A. R. Anderson. New additions are K. latericia var. lun-
duensis by Purseglove and then by myself, K. percoriacea by myself.
cinerea var. cordata and K. woodii by M. Jacobs (Leiden) and
uliginosa by Anderson. K. pectinata was obtained by M. Jacobs
with female flowers. It was originally known from a single gather-
ing by Beccari with male flowers. I also found it in fruit on Matang.
G. H. S. Wood discovered it in North Borneo in fruit. K. rufa was,
found by me in fruit. It was previously obtained by Beccari only’
once when he collected it in flower. Such information as is given
here about distribution and new records in Sarawak may soon be
out of date. It is now possible to reach Gunong Gaharu (where I
- collected recently) and beyond almost to the Indonesian border by
- a new and good road. The total distance inland from Kuching is
about 80 miles. It is sad and ‘regrettable to state that many of the
forests in the immediate neighbourhood of Kuching, the locus
classicus where Beccari obtained many types, have long ago dis-
_ appeared. I cannot but shed a silent tear or curse the woodman
and his master when I think of the future fate of tall stately
denizens of the forest, some of which have taken 200 years or
_ more to reach their present gigantic grandeur of 100 feet or more.
Rarities like K. rufa may be no more and the commonest species
may, even in time, become relics. |

(d) British North Borneo ~ |

Besides pectinata from British North Borneo, Wood and Wyatt-;
Smith collected ashtonii. Onggib obtained galeata. :

(e) East and North East Borneo

In East and North East Borneo most of the new records are
due to Kostermans and Endert. Kostermans obtained K. mem-:
branifolia and woodii, while both of them at one time or another
have collected conferta, galeata and latifolia.

(f) South Borneo and West Borneo

From South and South East Borneo come K. curtisii var.
linguiformis and latericia var. latericia collected by Kostermans
and uliginosa by Buwalda and Hubert Winkler. Little or nothing
has come out of West Borneo since the days of Hallier, Teijsmann

and Main, yet the slashing down of fresh forest continues at an
alarming rate.

109

Gardens Bulletin, S.

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110

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

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111

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Polymorphic and Common Species

The most polymorphic species of all is K. cinerea and its
commonest variety is var. sumatrana. It is a matter of regret that
the name of this plant has had to be changed from the well-known
K. glaucescens var. glaucescens to cinerea var. sumatrana and that
the varieties likewise have to be transferred to K. cinerea (see
note under K. cinerea in the Systematic Part). This species being
polymorphic, has a wide and interesting distribution. It occurs as
var. andamanica in the Andamans, Nicobars, India, Burma, Indo-
China, and northern Siam, but is replaced by var. sumatrana in
southern Siam. The latter extends through the Malay Peninsula
to Borneo, Sumatra, Banka, Java but stops abruptly in Bali. From
Lombok to Timor Laut, it is replaced by the var. cinerea which is
also found in Celebes and the Moluccas. It is interesting to note
that Wallace’s line passes between Bali and Lombok. K. cinerea
var. sumatrana is the most variable of all the varieties and perhaps
I may have lumped too many forms into it such as some with
narrow leaves. Perhaps K. geminata might have been separated
from it as another variety or a form, on account of its smaller
leaves and ridged fruit. I have included it in var. sumatrana as I
have seen some specimens with a few large leaves and a greater
number of small leaves on the same plant. The small leaves are
in the majority, but anyhow the differences are slight. For distribu-
tion of the remaining varieties of cinerea see under that species in
the Systematic Part.

K. laurina is another common species with a wide distribution
extending from Lower Burma to the Nicobars, Indo-China, Siam,
~Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java (except East Java) and Borneo.
There is some variation especially in the amount of tomentum of
the leaves and in the size of the fruits but the forms grade into
each other (see notes under that species).

K. curtisii is polymorphic but apart from var. curfisii, its other
varieties have a rather limited distribution.

K. furfuracea occupies a wide range from Indo-China, to Siam,
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Riouw Archipelago and Borneo with-
out very much variation.

K. globularia also has a wide distribution, being one of the two
species that extends as far north as China (Yunnan). It is usually
a plant of rocky sea shores or small islands in Malaya and Lower
Siam and is remarkably uniform without variation in spite of its
range. In Indo-China and Yunnan it is found inland and these
plants differ little or not at all from the Malayan, except, however,

112

Vol. XVII. (1961).

for some specimens from the Col des Nuages near Tourane which
have more coriaceous leaves and resemble K. cinerea var.
andamanica.

K. latericia has a somewhat curious distribution. It is not
variable in Malaya where only the typical form exists. In Borneo
there is some variation where two varieties as well as the typical
one are to be found. The typical variety is common in Johore,
Singapore and in Borneo and extends to Palawan in the Philip-
pines. It is also found in Banka but not yet in the mainland of
Sumatra. It has been recorded from Kedah and Perak, both single
records and then jumps north over a huge gap and appears again
at Mt Bana in Indo-China, also known from a single record.

K. glomerata is widely spread throughout the Philippines from
the islands in the extreme north to the Sulu Islands almost off the
shores of British North Borneo. The supposed record from
Formosa named Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo & Masamune
is Myristica cumingii. There is some slight variation in width of
leaves, size and hairiness of the flower. Such variation is reason-
able on account of the range. In Borneo K. glomerata is replaced
by the allied species K. korthalsii which also occurs in the southern
portion of the Philippines in Palawan and Mindanao.

Endemic Species

The rarest of all Knema species was rufa, an endemic Bornean
species, recorded from a single gathering only on Matang in
Sarawak by Beccari, but in August 1960, I found it in two places
in Sarawak and one in Brunei. Perhaps it has been overlooked
and is not quite so rare after all. This is followed by K. muscosa
collected twice by Clemens on Mt Majau, Sarawak in the moss
forest. Also rare is K. pectinata, first obtained from Sarawak by
Beccari and again by M. Jacobs at Mt Penrissen, Wood at Sipitang
in British North Borneo and by myself on Matang in Sarawak.
In the Malay Peninsula, K. retusa is known only from Gunong
Bubu in Perak. It was collected once by King’s collector in May
1885 and not seen again until I collected it in October 1958 from
two areas on the foot hills of G. Bubu. There were several trees
seen. K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia also seems to be somewhat
rare, known only from Perak and Selangor. Its variety monticola,
although endemic on the higher mountains in Malaya is not rare.
K. rigidifolia, also a mountain species, is apparently rare and con-
fined to Fraser’s Hill and the Cameron Highlands in Pahang. The
conclusions are that the majority of the rare species are endemics,
but all endemics are not necessarily rare. Some of the common

113

Gardens Bulletin, S.

endemics may have a very limited local distribution such as K.
kinabaluensis on Mt Kinabalu only, while others have a fairly
wide one such as K. elmeri, membranifolia and plumulosa.

Mountain species

While Knema and most of the Myristicaceae are trees of shady,
lowland forest, there are several mountain species confined to the
mossy forest from 920-1,540 m (3,000—5,000 feet). In Borneo we
have as examples K. kinabaluensis, muscosa and pectinata. In
Malaya the mountain species are K. oblongifolia var. monticola
and K. rigidifolia. The mountain species have thicker leaves with
distinct nerves and reticulations. The leaves of rigidifolia are
extremely like those of kinabaluensis, the latter having slightly
more oblique veins and are always acute at the base. Those of the
former are often slightly thicker and the base sometimes rounded.
In Sumatra, K. mandaharan ascends to 1,800 m, when it has
smaller leaves and more distinct reticulations than in the typical
lowland plants. Here again the leaves of such higher altitude
specimens very closely resemble those of rigidifolia. In Malaya all
records of mandaharan are from lowland forest.

KEYS

Three keys are given here. Key No. 1 is a scientific key showing
the natural affinities of the species based on floral characters,
vegetative characters being added wherever possible. The use of
floral characters follows the same pattern as in the scientific key
for Knema in my first paper with some modifications. The system
is based on whether the stigma is sessile or stalked, few or many-
lobed and the position of the bracteole on the pedicel. A skeleton
key or outline skeleton to the system is given below. No. 2 is a
general purpose key. The first part of it is based on the tomentum
of the lower surface of the leaf and is entirely artificial, the
remainder is also partly artificial with a good deal of stress on
vegetative characters, but flowering and fruiting ones are also used
as far as possible. Both keys No. 1 and 2 cover all the species in
the genus. A third key for Bornean species only, is an abridged
edition of the second. It is hoped that it may be of use to foresters
in Borneo who may be concerned only with the species in their
own area and who will not wish to wade through the longer keys.
There will be less chance of their going astray in a shorter key,
as Knema is a difficult genus with too many species which cannot
in my opinion be covered by a key based on sterile characters
alone.

114

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Skeleton of system on which Key No. 2 is based

a Stigma many-lobed (anthers sessile) Division I
b Bracteole median

c Bark tending to crack (hookeriana, Group
furfuracea, la
latericia,
percoriacea =
(twigs only
flaking),
elmeri and
galeata)

c Bark not tending to crack (pectinata, Group
korthalsii, Ib
glomerata and

- woodii)
b Bracteole at the base of the flower(plumulosa, Group
intermedia, 2

mandaharan, rufa
and uliginosa)

a Stigma few-lobed c Division II
d Style present . Sub-division [
e Bracteole at the base of the flower
f Anthers sessile . (laurina, Group
, oblongifolia, 3a
globularia and
attenuata)
f Anthers stalked (retusa and Group
ashtonii) 3b
e Bracteole median.
(Anthers sessile) (linifolia) Group
(Anthers stalked) (no species) 4
d Style absent (bracteole median) Sub-division II
g Anthers sessile
h Anthers many (curtisii and Group
membranifolia) 5

h Anthers few (latifolia) Group
6

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

g Anthers stalked
i Anthers few (stenophylla, Group
muscosa, Ta
tomentella,
kinabaluensis,
rigidifolia and
communis)

i Anthers many (conferta, erratica, Group
scortechinii, 7b
kunstleri
malayana and
cinerea

(bracteole at base of flower) (no combination
and no species
as yet known)

Most species fall into Group 7 (stigmas few-lobed, style absent,
anthers stalked). It will be seen that there is no combination next
to linifolia of “style present, bracteole median and anthers stalked”.
It will also be noticed in section (d), “style absent” that the
bracteole is median and there is no sub-division “bracteole at base
of flower’. Again in the first section (a) the anthers are all sessile.
Perhaps if new species are discovered in Borneo they might fall
into such missing sections.

Difficulties in identifying species of Knema from the keys

In the identification of Knema and other Myristicaceae, the
student will meet with four kinds of material—(1) sterile, (2) male
flowers, (3) female flowers and (4) fruit. Sterile material, as already
pointed out, is difficult to name, but much of it can be identified
from Key No. 2. If one has already seen all the 37 species of
Knema and knows what they look like, the task of identification
of sterile material can be satisfactorily accomplished; but to a
systematist who has never seen a Knema in his life (even if he
were an adept in the use of a key), the naming of sterile material
would be a formidable problem. The dioecious condition makes
the identification more difficult so a place has to be found in the
key for both male and female flower characters. In fact as many
contrasting, diagnostic characters as possible have been crammed
into the keys, since there are so many places where the student
may go astray, especially if some of the important stages are miss-
ing in the material used for naming. The student will be glad to
rely on all the available information the key can offer especially

116

Vol. XVII. (1961).

When flowering and fruiting stages are missing. For this reason
the keys have become lengthy and bulky. Their length is also due
to the fact that more words have to be used in describing certain
vegetative structures such as twigs, colour of leaves on drying or
the structure of reticulations in contrast to other structures where
short, concise phrases such as “pedicels 1—2 cm. long, leaves acute
at the apex or leaves obtuse at the apex” can be used. Colour is
best expressed by the use of the words light, medium and dark,
thus :—fruit medium brown and not by fancy or vague terms such
as fruit nut-brown. Extra phrases also have had to be inserted to
cover aberrant specimens or variations of the phenotype. This leads
us on to the mention of a fifth kind of material, one which could be
of great danger to the beginner who may get side-tracked in using
the key. This is material with immature flowers, fruits and leaves.
The following conditions will show wherein the danger lies when
an inexperienced student makes use of such material: —The
flowers will be smaller and the colour of the perianth inside paler.
Anthers may appear sessile when they are really stalked. They
may be erect (no room for them to lie flat in the bud), later hori-
zontal when the perianth expands, and finally decurved. The brac-
teole may be at base of the perianth and only later will move with
the elongation of the pedicel into a + median position, upsetting
ones course in the use of the key (especially in Key No. 1). The
stigma may appear sessile in the young stage and elongate later.
Fruits may be tomentose when young and tomentulose to sub-
glabrous later. Sufficient lengths of twigs should be collected to
show the cracking of the bark,.a character of some significance,
used in the key. Even if the bark does not crack, it is often different
in appearance and colour in the older portions. Apical leaves are
smaller than those lower down on the twig, and may show some
kind of indumentum, absent in old leaves. Some range of measure-
ments should be given in the key to cover all these deviations, e.g.
“leaves 10-20 cm. long, average 14 cm.”. I have had to add other
details to the keys to cover such aberrations and abnormalities,
hereby further but unavoidably increasing their length.

In spite of all these difficulties in identification enumerated,
Knema has, in some respects, advantages over Horsfieldia and
Myristica. The anthers in Knema are well-separated from each
other and can be easily counted, but this cannot be said about
the condition found in the other two genera where the anthers are
adnate to the column and so closely packed that it is difficult to
determine their exact number. Finally the Berlin material of Hors-
fieldia and Myristica from New Guinea was destroyed during the

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

war. It contained a few types of which there appear to be no dupli-
cates or isotypes in existence. In the case of Knema such a diffi-
culty does not arise and no neotypes have had to be chosen since
there is but a single species K. tomentella in New Guinea and the
type of that species, originally from the Moluccas, is in Utrecht.
It was first collected in New Guinea by Kostermans in 1948. Only
one species from the Philippines, namely K. acuminata was
destroyed at Manila and no duplicates have turned up. This
species, however, seems to be identical with glomerata (see under
that species in the Systematic Part).

The Arrangement of the Species in Groups

The relationship of certain species of Knema to others will be
clearer after one has examined each species in turn. Some dif-
ferences will be apparent early in the course of the study, and
others later. Similarities have also to be carefully sought out and
those who are not good at seeing them may tend to create too
many species. The relation of one species to another depends chief-
ly on its similarities and once this is understood the similar species
can be grouped. I must confess that the construction of the scien-
tific key No. 1 taught me many things about Knema which I had
failed to observe earlier. I was in doubt where to place K. attenuata
and thought that it was near to cinerea or was even a variety of
cinerea. When I made a key the relation was unmistakably with
globularia. In fact it is a larger edition of globularia and I am sur-
prised that I did not see the similarity earlier. Also the key showed
that K. woodii was much closer to glomerata than was at first en-
visaged. It too, became clear that K. mandaharan should be placed
next to intermedia, and ashtonii with retusa. From the scientific
key (see skeleton key) seven groups became apparent. I have not
given these groups any general or special name such as section,
sub-section, series, etc. By comparing the groups with those on
page 261 of my first paper, it will be seen that the arrangement or
relationship of the species within the groups is essentially the same
except that K. retusa has now been removed from its position of
alliance with intermedia, plumulosa and mandaharan and placed
in Group 3a. At that time no flowers of retusa were available to
me so I could only make a guess regarding its group. In the first
paper there are five groups, but two extra ones have been added
for K. linifolia and latifolia, species outside Malaya which were
not studied at that. time.

118

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Anther numbers in Knema
I have had to refer to anther numbers so often, both in identify-
ing species and in constructing the keys, that it would be con-
venient for future use and would save time, if they were all listed
together in one place and on one page. I give these now, also
stating whether the anthers are sessile or stalked.

Sessile anthers

K. attenuata 9-13 (average 13); curtisii and vars 20-25; elmeri
10-12 (average 10); erratica 10-13 (average 13), King says stalked.
Those I saw were probably young. They fit into key best as stalked;
furfuracea 10-13; galeata 18-20; globularia 10-13; glomerata 8-13;
(average 11); hookeriana 15—18-(20); intermedia 12-15 (average
13); korthalsii 13-20 (average 18), nearly sessile; /atericia and vars
9-12, very shortly stalked but fit in key best as sessile; latifolia 3;
laurina 6-11 (average 8); linifolia 13-18; membranifolia 18-23;
mandaharan 13-17; oblongifolia vars oblongifolia and monticola
6-10; pectinata 14, sub-sessile; percoriacea 14-17; plumulosa 13-15;
rufa 12-15, sub-sessile; uliginosa 12, shortly stalked or nearly
sessile; woodii 18-23.

Stalked anthers

K. ashtonii 11-13, shortly stalked; cinerea var. cinerea 11-14
(average 13), var. andamanica 10-13, var. cordata 13, var.
patentinervia 10-13, var. rubens 7-12, var. sumatrana 12-17
(average 14); communis 7-9; conferta 13-18; kinabaluensis 7-10,
very shortly stalked; Kunstleri 9-12; malayana 9-13; muscosa 6-8:
rigidifolia 12-15 (probably stalked, I saw very young flower buds):
retusa 15, shortly stalked; scortechinii 10-14; stenophylla 6-8;
tomentella 6-9.

It will be seen that sessile anthers are in the majority and that
the smallest number is 3 (latifolia) and the largest 25 (curtisii).

A Recent Publication

In 1959 the Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2nd edition, vol. 17a
II appeared with a treatment on Myristicaceae by J. C. Th. Uphof,
pages 177-220. Knema is dealt with briefly on pages 217-220.
The outstanding features and the geographical distribution of the
species mentioned are given.

Scope for future work

Very little is known about the general biology, germination,
growth-rate, pollination, fertilization, leaf anatomy, and chromo-
some numbers. Some of these problems might be tackled with
some profit by honours students in Botany at Universities or by
post-graduates. It would be interesting to know if a comparative
study on leaf anatomy would have any bearing on systematics, and

119

Gardens Bulletin, S.

if sterile material could thus be identified on results obtained. In
Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) 209, I listed certain Malay
Peninsula species, the descriptions of which are not yet quite
complete, mentioning the parts, organs or characters still needed
so that future workers can look for such species and supply
information on what is missing. I have indicated here similar
missing characters for the Bornean species. I have to state with
satisfaction that some of the missing information has now been
obtained for 4 of the Malay Peninsula species mentioned in the
above publication. The following list will show what has been
gained.

K. cinerea var. cordata. Female flowers now seen. Perianth
fragrant, coriaceous, rusty-tomentulose outside, cream inside,
obovoid or turbinate, 5—6 mm. long; ovary chocolate-tomentose,
ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, stigma sessile, bi-lobed and each lobe again
divided into 3-4 lobes; pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long with a median
bracteole. Fruit orange when ripe; seed dark brown.

K. cinerea var. patentinervia. Bark characters now obtained from
a tree at Mawai-Kuala Sedili new road, Johore, Sinclair 10164
(A, B, BM, E, K, L, M, NY, SAN, SING.) Bark rusty-brown,
flaking in thin strips.

K. retusa. Bark, male and female flowers now seen. For descrip-
tion see systematic part. I went specially to the locus classicus at
Gunong Bubu in October 1959 to obtain information on the above
-and was rewarded by finding several trees.

K. scortechinii. Female flowers now seen. Perianth coriaceous,
rusty-tomentulose, oblong-obovoid, 5 mm. long; ovary sub-globose,
rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. in diam.; stigma bi-lobed each lobe again
bifid; pedicels 8 mm.—1.2 cm. long with a median bracteole.

Bornean Species

Parts unknown or wanted Name

K. ashtonii 5 .. Female flowers imperfectly known
(immature ).

K. curtisii var. amoena Female flowers and fruit unknown.

K. curtisii var. arenosa .. Fruit unknown.

K. curtisii var. linguiformis .. Fruit unknown.

K. korthalsii ay .. Bark characters.

K. membranifolia .. .. Female flowers unknown.

K. muscosa $y .. Female flowers and bark characters
unknown.

K. pectinata _ .. Female flowers unknown.

K. rufa pe .. Female flowers unknown.

K. uliginosa be .. Female flowers imperfectly known.
Bark characters unknown.

K. woodii £65 .. Fruit unknown.

120

Vol. XVII. (1961).

From this list it will be seen that female flowers in many cases:
are still wanted. Flowers in Knema and in the other genera too,,.
are small and less conspicuous than fruit and may escape the
notice of collectors. They often drop off or get knocked off from
specimens in the process of drying or changing the paper in the
press, so many duplicates arrive without a single flower. If some
spirit is not handy at the time of collecting, then a few extra
flowers should be picked off the tree and put into a paper packet
to ensure no loss, even though the duplicate receives much
handling.

Acknowledgements

I have to thank all the curators and keepers of herbaria for
sending me specimens on loan or permitting me to work in their
institutions. I have also to thank the late Dr. Chatterjee of the
Calcutta Botanic Garden for allowing me to work there in October
1959 when the Department was closed for two weeks due to the
annual Durga Puja holidays and am very grateful to Dr. S. K.
Mukerjee, the Curator, who gave up part of his holiday to open
the herbarium and be present during the week spent there. Special
thanks is due to Prof. van Steenis for advice and encouragement
and for sending me abstracts from books and other essential
literature not available in Singapore. I am greatly indebted to
Messrs. J. A. R. Anderson and B. E. SmythieS of the Sarawak
Forest Department and to Inche Yakin bin Long of the Brunei
Forest Department for supplying transport and Dyak tree climbers
* during my visit to Borneo. Finally I must thank Mr. H. M. Burkill,
Director, Botanic Gardens Singapore, for granting me time off
from other duties to complete this revision.

KEY No. 1

(Scientific key showing natural affinities and based mostly on
floral structure)

a. Stigma many-lobed, sessile (lobes 8—12). The stigma is really
bi-lobed and each lobe again divided into 4—6 smaller lobes
or serrations. (Anthers sessile, very shortly stalked in
latericia)

b. Bracteole of pedicel + median [AIl generally large-leaved
plants, leaves 30 cm. or more long except latericia, elmeri
and glomerata]. Flowers generally red or dark red inside
c. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack and flake.

(not always apparent unless adequate lengths of twigs.
are present; may not always be visible in Jatericia:

121

Gardens Bulletin, S.

because of the thin bark and slender twigs, or in

galeata the twigs of which are not fissured in the

apical parts)

d. Bark tending to crack in the apical as well as
in the older parts. Leaves widest at the middle,
cordate or not at the base. Male flowers not
mitriform in bud. Anthers 9-18, rarely 20

e. Young petioles, tips of twigs, flowers, pedi-
cels and fruit all densely covered with pale
yellowish-brown wool, the hairs up to 5
mm. long. Anthers 15—18—(20 rarely). Male
flowers 1 cm. long, male pedicels 1-2 cm.
long; female flowers 1.7—-2 cm. long (the
largest in the genus); female pedicels 1.5—2
cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 4.5-8 cm. long
and 3-4.5 cm. broad; stalk 1 cm. long

(13) K. hookeriana

e. Young petioles, tips of twigs, the flowers,
pedicels and fruit tomentose, not lanose,
the tomentum much shorter. Leaves cordate
or not at the base, Anthers 9-13. Male
flowers, female flowers, pedicels, fruit and
fruit-stalk all smaller
f. Leaves large (sometimes small ones at

the tips of the twigs) 10-50 cm. long
and 3-14 cm. broad, cordate at the
base; nerves 24—35 pairs. Male flowers
pale yellowish-brown outside, 6-7 mm.
long; female same colour, 1 cm. long.
Male pedicels 7-10 mm. long, female
flowers nearly sessile, their pedicels 2
mm. long. Fruit pale yellowish-brown,
sparsely tomentose, oblong, 3.5-4.5
cm. long and 2—3 cm. broad; stalk 4—5
mm. long (9) K. furfuracea
f. Leaves smaller, 12-32 cm. long and
3—8.5 cm. broad, (sometimes larger in
latericia var. lunduensis) not cordate at
the base; nerves 9-22 pairs. Male
flowers reddish-brown or pale brown
outside, 5-6 mm. long; female same
colour, 6-9 mm. long. Male pedicels
3-4 mm. long (5-7 mm. in elmeri),

122

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

female 4 mm. long or flowers sessile.
Fruit reddish-brown tomentose, ob-
ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 1.7—3.5 cm.
long and 1.2—2.5 cm. broad, sessile or
on a very short stalk.

g. Bark of trunk longitudinally striate.
Twigs 4—6 mm. thick at the apex.
Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Male
flowers 5—6 mm. in diam., female
8-9 mm. long. Male pedicels 2
mm. thick and female 4 mm. thick.
Tomentum of flowers with hairs
1-2 mm. long. Anthers 14~-17.
Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm. long
and 2 cm. broad
3 (28) K. percoriacea

g. Bark of trunk flaking irregularly,
not longitudinally striate. Twigs
2—3 mm. thick at the apex (except
in var. lunduensis). Leaves thinly
coriaceous, slightly smaller (except
in var. lunduensis). Male flowers.
5 mm. in diam., female 6 mm.
long. Male pedicels 1 mm. thick,
female flowers sessile. Tomentum.

. Of flowers 0.5 mm. long or less

(longer in var. /unduensis). Anthers:

9-12. Fruit oblong, obovoid-

ellipsoid or obovoid, 1.7—2.5 cm.

long and 1.2—1.5 cm. broad (larger
in var. lunduensis)

h. Leaves lanceolate to oblanceo-
late, glabrous beneath; nerves:
reddish-brown beneath when
dry. Flowers reddish-brown-
tomentose outside (pale brown
in var. albifolia). Male pedi-
cels 3-4 mm. long. Staminal
disc flat. Fruit obovoid, rusty-
tomentose
(18) K. latericia and its vars:

—v
bo
2

Gardens Bulletin, S.

h. Leaves oblong or _ oblong-
elliptic, covered with silvery
_or pale brown stellate scales
beneath; nerves not reddish-
brown beneath when dry.
Flowers pale brown-tomentu-
lose outside. Male pedicels
5—7 mm. long. Staminal disc,

convex, umbrella-shaped.
Fruit oblong, shortly toment-
ulose (7) K. elmeri

d. Bark tending to crack in the older portions only,
consisting of a smooth, glabrous, reddish-brown
portion at 3-4 cm. below the furfuraceous apex
and then the older greyish-brown flaking por-
tion. Leaves not widest at the middle, but the
sides nearly parallel, not cordate at the base.
Flowers mitriform in bud (this character not
apparent in very young buds). Anthers 18-20

(10) K. galeata

c. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake

i. Nerves 40—52 pairs, (more numerous than in any
other species of Knema). Sides of leaf nearly
parallel. Flowers tomentulose outside. Fruit
flanged along the line of suture

(27) K. pectinata

I. Nerves 12—40 pairs. Sides of leaf nearly parallel
or not. Flowers tomentulose or tomentose out-
side. Fruit not flanged along the line of suture
(not seen in woodii)

j. Twigs angled and glabrous at the apex, black-
ish in patches, greyish lower down. Leaves
often drying dark grey above, their margins
nearly parallel; nerves 23-30 pairs. Flowers
tomentulose outside. Staminal disc flat,
triangular with 18-23 anthers

(37) K. woodii

j. Twigs not angled at the rusty-furfuraceous
apex, grey, straw-coloured or reddish-brown
lower down. Leaves usually drying an olive-
green above, their margins sometimes nearly
parallel, but most often widest at the middle;

124

Vol. XVIH, (1961).

nerves 12—40 pairs. Flowers tomentose out-
side. Staminal disc convex and circular in
outline with 8—18-(20) anthers

k. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic, elliptic-

lanceolate or lanceolate, sometimes
lobed (heterophyllous); nerves 12-20:
pairs, average 16. Twigs 2 mm. thick
at or near the apex. Male flowers 3—4
mm. long and 5 mm. broad in bud,
7-8 mm. across when expanded;
female flowers 5 mm. long. Male
pedicels 4-7 mm. long. Anthers 8-13,
average 11 (12) K. glomerata

k. Leaves chartaceous to thinly coriaceous,

oblong or oblong-obovate and narrowed
to the base, not elliptic (the sides some-
times parallel), not heterophyllous;
nerves 20-40 pairs. Twigs slightly
thicker, 3—4 mm. thick at or near the
apex. Male flowers slightly larger, 3—5
mm. long and 6—7 mm. broad, 1 cm.
across when expanded; female flowers
8 mm.—1 cm. long. Male pedicels 8
mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13—18-(20),
average 18 (16) K. korthalsii

b. Bracteole at base of flower [Leaves not so large as in the
preceding group, 11-30 cm. long, except mandaharan.]
[Anthers sessile, shortly stalked or sessile in plumulosa].
Flowers generally cream, pale yellow or pale pink inside
Il. Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, 11-30 cm.

long, nerves 12—22 pairs

m. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Staminal disc
convex or mammillate; connectives not pro-
duced beyond the apices of the anthers. Fruit
covered with short tomentum, hairs 0.5—1 mm.
long (except in plumulosa)
n. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and

also the flowers, pedicels and fruit covered
with dark, rusty wool, the hairs 2 mm. long.
Male flowers 6—7 mm. long; female 1 cm.
long, female pedicels 3-4 mm. long and
4-5 mm. thick. Perianth persistent in fruit

(29) K. plumulosa

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

n. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and
also the flowers, pedicels and fruit covered
with very short, rusty scurf, not lanose.
Male flowers 4-6 mm. long; female 7-8 mm.
long, female pedicels 7-8 mm. long (3-4
mm. in uliginosa). Perianth not persistent in
fruit
o. Twigs mostly reddish-brown, greyish in

the older parts. Reticulations of leaves
close and distinct above (faint or dis-
tinct in mandaharan). Flower buds not
depressed in the centre when dry. Male
pedicels 5 mm —1 cm. long. Fruit
ellipsoid or oblong, 3—4.5 cm. long
and 1.8-3.5 cm. broad, tomentose or
covered with stellate scurf which rubs
off, stalk 5 mm.—1.2 cm. long
p. Leaves coriaceous, 11—22—(30) cm.
long, acute or rounded at the
base; nerves 12-22 pairs. Twigs
2-3 mm. thick at the apex. Male
pedicels 7-8 mm. long. Staminal
disc mammillate. Fruit ellipsoid,
covered with short rusty-stellate
scurf, 3-4 cm. long and 1.8—2.2
cm. broad; stalk 8 mm.—1.2 cm.
long and 2—3 mm. thick
(14) K. intermedia
p. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 17-30
cm. long in young apical leaves
or in some specimens from higher
altitudes (normal or mature leaves
30-60 cm. long), rounded at the
base; nerves 22-26 pairs. Twigs
5 mm. thick at the apex. Male
pedicels 4 mm. long (probably
slightly immature). Staminal disc
flat or slightly convex. Fruit ob-
long, larger, 3—4.5 cm. long and
3—3.5 cm. broad, and more den-
sely tomentose with hairs up to 1
mm. long; stalk 5-7 mm. long,
stout, 5 mm. thick
(23) K. mandaharan

126

Vol. XVII. (1961).

o. Twigs reddish-brown at the extreme
apex only, pale greyish lower down in
the younger and older parts. Reticu-
lations of leaves less dense or dis-
tinct above. Flower buds _ often
depressed in the centre when dry. Male
pedicels 5-6 mm. long. Fruit sub-
globose or slightly obovoid, rusty-
tomentose, 1.8 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
broad; stalk 4 mm. long

(36) K. uliginosa

m. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Staminal disc flat —
or concave; connectives produced beyond the
apices of the anthers on dehiscing. Fruit sparsely
covered with : mm. jong, shining, rusty-brown
hairs (31) K. rufa

I, Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 30-60 cm. long (young ones
at the tips of twigs often smaller, 17-30 cm. long);
nerves 22-26 pairs (23) K. mandaharan

a. Stigma few-lobed (lobes 2-6). The stigma is bi-lobed and each
lobe again divided into 2—3 lobes or serrations

q. Style present, length 1.5-2 mm. long

r. Bracteole at the base of the flower. Anthers stalked or
sessile. Male pedicels 3~7 mm. long and 1-1.8 cm.
long in retusa and ashtonii. Fruit-stalk 5 mm.—1 cm.
long except in Jaurina which is sessile or 2-3 mm.
long

s. Anthers sessile. Leaves not covered with cinnamon
or whitish scales beneath

t. Leaves covered with stellate hairs beneath;
veins sunk above, best seen near the base
(20) K. laurina

t. Leaves glabrous beneath; veins raised above

u. Leaves drying green or brown, 15-43
cm. long and 4—16 cm. broad, oblong,
oblanceolate or (narrowly oblong to
lanceolate in oblongifolia var. monti-
cola), base rounded or cordate, acute
or less often rounded in var. monticola;
nerves 18-30 pairs; midrib usually not

92 beg

Gardens Bulletin, S.

striate beneath; reticulations scalari-
form. Twigs angled and furfuraceous
at the apex, smooth and reddish-brown
lower down. Anthers 6—8. Fruit obo-
void, 2—2.3 cm. long and 1.5—2 cm.
broad; stalk 5 mm. long

v. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, oblong-
lanceolate or oblanceolate, 20—43
cm. long, average 33 cm. and 9-
16 cm. broad, average 11 cm.,
base rounded or cordate; nerves
about 30 pairs. Male pedicels
6-8 mm. long

(26) K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia

v. Leaves coriaceous (mountain
plants), lanceolate, shorter and
narrower, 15—25 cm. long and 4—
7 cm. broad; base acute or less
often rounded; nerves 18—25 pairs.
Male pedicels absent or very short,
1 mm. long

(26) K. oblongifolia var. monticola

u. Leaves drying an olive-green above,
sometimes with a blackish or dark
green metallic lustre, generally smaller
and narrower than in var. oblongifolia,
yet broad in some specimens of atten-
uata, 8-32 cm. long and 1.5—11 cm.
broad, base mostly acute, less often
rounded; nerves 12—20 pairs; midrib
striate beneath when dry; reticulations
fine and close. Twigs not usually
angled at the furfuraceous apex, dark
brown or blackish and finely striate
lower down. Anthers 9-13. Fruit not
obovoid, but sub-globose, oblong or
ellipsoid, 1.5-3 cm. long and 1.3-1.6.
cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long

w. Leaves chartaceous, seldom coria-
ceous except in some mountain
forms from Indo-China, lanceolate:
to oblong-lanceolate, 8-17 cm.

128

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

long and 1.5—5 cm. broad; reticu-
lations fine on both surfaces;
petiole 8 mm—1 cm. long. Male
flowers 3 mm. long in bud, rusty-
tomentose. Fruit sub-globose, 1.5-
2 cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad

(11) K. globularia

w. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic-oblong
or elliptic-lanceolate, 13-32 cm.
long (average 18 cm) and 4.5-11
cm. broad (average 6 cm.); reticu-
lations slightly more _ distinct
especially above; petiole 1-1:5
cm. long. Male flowers 4-5 mm.
long in bud, rusty-lanose (hairs
longer, about 0.5 mm. long). Fruit

‘ oblong or ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and
1.6 cm. broad (2) K. attenuata

s. Anthers stalked. Leaves covered with cinnamon
or whitish scales beneath (scales tending to dis-
appear in ashtonii on drying)

x. Twigs not angled at the apex, coarsely striate

lower down. Leaves 35-60 cm. long, obtuse
or retuse at the apex, scales on lower sur-
face persisting; nerves 16—24 pairs, well-
spaced, 2-4 cm. apart. Staminal disc con-
cave or flat. Fruit ovoid, 5—6 cm. long and
5 cm. broad, slightly beaked at the apex
(30) K. retusa

x. Twigs angled at the apex, scarcely or not

striate lower down. Leaves 30—42 cm. long,
scales shed later and surface white and very
closely reticulate beneath; nerves 22-35
pairs, closer together, 1-1.5 cm. apart.
Staminal disc convex. Fruit obovoid, 5—7
cm. long and 3 cm. broad, obtuse at the
apex (1) K. ashtonii

r. Bracteole median. Anthers sessile. Male pedicels 1.2—
1.5 cm. long. Fruit sessile or stalk very short, 2-3
mm. long. (A Himalayan species with lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate leaves, 15—40 cm. long)

(21) K. linifolia

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

q. Style absent, stigmas sessile. (Bracteole median)
y. Anthers sessile. Twigs glabrous

z. Anthers many, 17—25. Twigs usually pale straw-
coloured or at least in parts, smooth, not striate
(occasionally a few faint striations may be pre-
sent in the older parts). Leaves drying an olive
or yellowish-green above

aa, Leaves often elliptic or widest at the middle

(spathulate, lanceolate, obovate or lingui-

form in some of the varieties) length up to

14.5 cm. (small leaves in var. arenosa and

var. paludosa); petiole up to 1.2 cm. long.

Bark of twigs not flaking. Perianth puberu-

lous outside. Staminal disc triangular with

the anthers touching each other laterally.
Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1—-1.3 cm. long

(6) K. curtisii and its vars

aa. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not elliptic nor
widest at the middle, length 12-25 cm.:
petiole 1.5—2.5 cm. long. Bark of twigs oc-
casionally flaking in the oldest parts.
Perianth nearly glabrous outside. Staminal
disc circular with well-spaced anthers. Fruit
obovoid, sessile or almost sessile, stalk when

present 3-5 mm. long
(24) K. membranifolia

z. Anthers few, 3 only, 1 at each angle of the triang-
ular staminal disc. Twigs brown, not pale straw-
coloured, smooth at the apex but striate lower
down. Leaves drying dark brown or blackish
above with a metallic lustre (19) K. latifolia

y. Anthers stalked. Twigs usually rusty-tomentulose at
the apex

bb. Anthers few, 6-10 (12-15 in rigidifolia). Male
pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long

cc. Leaves 1—4 cm. broad, reticulations invisible
or distinct above. Fruit 1.8 cm. long and
1 cm. broad

dd. Reticulations invisible or very faint
above. Flowers _ rusty-tomentulose.

130

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Male flowers 2—2.5 mm. long. Male
pedicels 4-5 mm. long. Female flowers
2-2.5 mm. long. Female pedicels 3
mm. long (34) K. stenophylla

dd. Reticulations distinct above and below

forming a close, dense network.
Flowers rusty-tomentose with stellate
and dendroid hairs. Male flowers 4
mm. long. Male pedicels 2—3 mm. long.
Female not seen (25) K. muscosa

cc. Leaves 2.5—8.5 cm. broad; reticulations dis-

tinct. Fruit 1.8-4 cm. long and 1—2.5 cm.
broad, obovoid, oblong or sub-globose
ee. Twigs coarsely striate. Leaves drying a

medium brown above, nerves oblique,
very prominent above as are the reti-
culations; lower surface not covered
with rusty-stellate scales when young.
Fruit-stalk 3-8 mm. long or fruit sessile

ff. Leaves coriaceous. Anthers 6-10.
Fruit oblong or obovoid; stalk 5
mm.—1 cm. long
gg. Leaves glabrous _ beneath;

- perves very oblique. Male
flowers tomentulose. Fruit
oblong, tomentulose, strongly
ridged along the line of
suture, 3.5-4 cm. long and
2.5 cm. broad

(15) K. kinabaluensis

gg. Leaves glabrous beneath or
when young covered with
rusty-stellate hairs (not scales)
on the midrib and nerves;
nerves slightly less oblique.
Male flowers densely tomen-
tose with stellate and dendroid
hairs. Fruit obovoid, tomen-
tose, not ridged along the line
of suture, 2—2.5 cm. long and

1.8 cm. in diam
(35) K. tomentella

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

fj. Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Anthers
12-15. Fruit sub-globose, 3 cm. in
diam. (not ridged along line of
suture), sessile or with a 3 mm.
long stalk (31) K. rigidifolia

ee. Twigs finely striate. Leaves drying a
dark brown above or sometimes dark
green; nerves less oblique and less pro-
minent; reticulations less prominent;
lower surface covered with rusty scales
when young. Fruit obovoid; stalk 1—-1.5
cm. long (4) K. communis

-bb, Anthers more numerous, 9-18, average number
about 13. Male pedicels longer, 6 mm.—1.5 cm.
long, (3-4 mm. in cinerea var. rubens)

hh. Leaves covered with some kind of tomentum
beneath, persisting or not
ii. Leaves with stellate hairs beneath, the
tomentum persisting or disappearing
except on the lower midrib

jj. Leaves coriaceous, base rounded or

cordate, sides not always parallel,

sometimes widest at the middle;

reticulations very prominent;

tomentum persisting. Male flowers

in dense clusters. Male pedicels 7

mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13-18.

Fruit ovoid, tomentulose, 3.5—4
cm. long and 2—2.5 cm. broad

(5) K. conferta

Ji. Leaves thinly coriaceous, base acute
or rounded, not cordate, sides
nearly parallel; reticulations less
prominent; tomentum persisting al-
together or remaining on the lower
midrib only. Male flowers 1-4 in
a cluster. Male pedicels 7 mm.
long. Anthers 10-13, average 13.
Fruit ellipsoid, tomentose when
young, the tomentum shedding
later, 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm.
broad (8) K. erratica

132

Vol. XVII. (1961).

ii. Leaves covered with rusty scales when
young only (33) K. scortechinii

hh. Leaves glabrous beneath

kk. Twigs striate right up to the apex ex-
cept in scortechinii. Leaves elliptic or
lanceolate

ll. Leaves coriaceous, 18—28 cm. long,
lanceolate, drying dark brown
above; nerves 18—28 pairs; reticu-
lations forming a dense network,
prominent above and below. Male
pedicels 1—1.2 cm. long. Anthers
10-14. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5—3

-em. long and 2—2.3 cm. broad
. | (33) K. scortechinii

ll. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 9-19 cm.
long, elliptic, drying greenish or
yellowish-green above; nerves 7—14
pairs except in var. surigaoensis;
reticulations forming a dense net-
work, very prominent above and
below. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm.
long. Anthers 9-14. Fruit ellipsoid
to sub-globose, 2—2.5 cm. long and

“1.5 cm. broad
(17) K. kunstleri and its vars

kk. Twigs not striate right up to the apex.
Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or
oblong

mm. Twigs reddish brown. Leaves
membranous, greenish-brown with
a blackish tinge above when dry;
reticulations fine but distinct on:
both surfaces, forming a close
network. Male pedicels 1—-1.5 cm.
long. Staminal disc flat. Fruit obo-
void, 1.5 cm. long and 1—1.2 cm.
broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long
(22) K. malayana

133

Gardens Bulletin, S.

mm. Twigs greyish or greyish with
black patches here and there (some
brownish-black patches in var.
cordata). Leaves mostly coriaceous
or thinly coriaceous, brownish or
greenish above when dry; reticula-
tions fainter or sometimes scarcely
visible above, but quite distinct in
var. andamanica and vat. cordata.
Male pedicels shorter, usually 5
mm.—1 cm. long (3—4 mm. long in
var. rubens). Staminal disc slightly
convex. Fruit mostly oblong but
also sub-globose (see under vars
for shapes and sizes)

(3) K. cinerea and its vars

KEY NovZ

«a. Leaves covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath,
especially when young, scales persisting in K. elmeri and
retusa, but tending to disappear in ashtonii on drying

b. Lamina 30-60 cm. long. Male pedicels 1-1.8 cm. long
with the bracteole at the apex. Anthers shortly stalked.
Fruit large, 5-7 cm. long and 3-5 cm. broad

c. Twigs not angled at the apex, coarsely striate lower
down. Leaves obtuse or retuse at the apex; nerves
16-24 pairs, well-spaced, 2—4 cm. apart. Staminal
disc concave or flat. Fruit slightly beaked at the apex

(30) K. retusa

c. Twigs angled at the apex, scarcely or not striate lower
down. Leaves rounded and then apiculate at the
apex, rarely obtuse; nerves 22-35 pairs, closer to-
gether, 1-1.5 cm. apart. Staminal disc convex. Fruit
obtuse at the apex (1) K. ashtonii

5b. Lamina 12—22-(30) cm. long. Male pedicels 4 mm.—1.2
cm. long with a + median bracteole. Anthers sessile or
stalked. Fruit smaller, 2.5-3 cm. long and 2-—2.5 cm.
broad

d. Twigs angled, their bark pale greyish-brown, tending
to crack or flake. Leaves drying a medium brown
above, sometimes with a greenish tinge; indumentum

134

Vol. XVI. (1961).

of lower surface persisting. Anthers 10-12, sessile;
disc convex. Female flowers sessile, both sexes pale
brown outside, scarlet inside. Fruit stalk 2—5 mm.
long

(7) K. elmeri

d. Twigs terete, their bark reddish-brown or dark greyish,
finely striate, and not tending to crack. Leaves drying
a darker brown, blackish-brown or greenish-brown
above; indumentum of lower surface not persisting.
Anthers 7—14, stalked; disc flat. Female flowers on a
5 mm. long pedicel, both sexes reddish-brown outside,
cream-coloured or pink inside. Fruit stalk 1—-1.5 cm.
long

e. Leaves 16-30 cm. long (average 20 cm.) and
4.56 cm. broad. Male flowers cream-coloured
inside, 5 mm. in diam.; pedicels 1—1.2 cm. long.
Anthers 10—14. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5—3 cm.
long and 2—2.3 cm. broad (33) K. scortechinii

e. Leaves similar in texture but smaller, 6—25 cm.
long and 2.5—7 cm. broad. Male flowers pink
inside, 2-3 mm. in diam.; pedicels 4-5 mm.
long. Anthers 7—9. Fruit obovoid, smaller, 1.8
cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad

(4) K. communis

a, Leaves not covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath,
glaucous or brownish beneath when dry

f. Leaves pubescent or thinly tomentose beneath with stellate
hairs

g. Twigs usually striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf
raised above. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long (ex-
cept in tomentella) with a median bracteole. Female
pedicels 5 mm. long. Anthers stalked (sessile in
erratica) 13-18. Fruit-stakk 5 mm.—l1 cm. long

h. Pubescence of leaves persisting. Leaves sometimes
slightly cordate at the base. Male flowers very
numerous in the cluster. Fruit tomentulose or
shortly tomentose, 3.5-4 cm. long and 2-2.5
cm. broad (5) K. conferta

135

Gardens Bulletin, S.

h. Pubescence of leaves not persisting except on
midrib and nerves, becoming quite glabrous in
tomentella. Leaves not cordate at the base. Male
flowers 1—4 in a cluster. Fruit tomentose, slightly
smaller, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8—2 cm. broad

i. Leaves coriaceous, sides not parallel. Male
and female pedicels 3 mm. long. Anthers
6-9, stalked. Fruit obovoid, tomentum per-
sisting, hairs less than 1 mm. long

(35) K. tomentella

i. Leaves thinly coriaceous, sides nearly parallel.
Male pedicels 7 mm. long. Anthers 10-13,
average 13, sessile. Fruit ellipsoid, toment-
um shed later, hairs 1 mm. long

(8) K. erratica

g. Twigs not striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf
sunk above (especially at base of leaf). Male pedicels
3-5 mm. long with bracteole at base of perianth.
Female flowers sessile. Anthers 7-8 (11 rarely).
Fruit-stalk 2—5 mm. long (20) K. laurina

f. Leaves glabrous beneath
j. Stigma 8—12-lobed. style absent or very short

k. Bracteole of pedicels + median. Nerves nu-.
merous, 20-52 pairs (except in latericia and
glomerata. All large-leaved species, i.e. over 30
cm. and up to 65 cm. long except in J/atericia
and glomerata). Flowers mostly red or pink in-
side
I. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack and

flake (not always apparent unless adequate
lengths of twigs are present; may not always
be visible in latericia because of its thin
bark and slender twigs)

m. Leaves widest at the middle, cordate or
not at the base. Bark tending to crack
in the apical as well as in the older
parts. Male flowers not mitriform in:
bud. Anthers 9-18, rarely 20

136

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

_n. Young petioles, tips of twigs,

flowers, pedicels and fruit all den-
sely covered with pale yellowish-
brown wool, the hairs up to 5 mm.
long. Anthers 15—18—(20 rarely).
Male flowers 1 cm. long, male
pedicels 1-2 cm. long; female
flowers 1.7—2 cm. long (the largest
in the genus), female pedicels
1.5—2 cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid,
4.5-8 cm. long and 3-4.5 cm.
broad; stalk 1 cm. long

(13) K. hookeriana

n. Young petioles, tips of twigs, the

flowers, pedicels and fruit toment-
ose, not lanose, the tomentum

‘ much shorter. Leaves cordate or

not at the base. Anthers 9-13.
Male and female flowers, pedicels,
fruit and fruit-stalk all smaller

o. Leaves large (sometimes small
ones at the tips of the twigs),
10-50 cm. long and 3-14 cm.
broad, cordate at the base;
nerves 24-35 pairs. Male
flowers pale yellowish-brown
outside, 6-7 mm. long; female
same colour, 1 cm. long. Male
pedicels 7-10 mm. long, fe-
male flowers nearly sessile,
their pedicels 2 mm. long.
Fruit pale yellowish-brown,
sparsely tomentose, oblong,
3.5—4.5 cm. long and 2-3 cm.
broad; stalk 4—5 mm. long

(9) K. furfuracea

o. Leaves smaller, 12—32 cm. long
and 3-7 cm. broad, (some-
times larger in Jatericia var.
lunduensis) not cordate at the
base; nerves 9-22 pairs. Male
flowers reddish brown outside
(pale brown in Jatericia var.

137

138

Gardens Bulletin, S.

albifolia) 5-6 mm. long; fe-
male same colour, 6-9 mm.
long. Male pedicels 3-4 mm.
long, female 4 mm. long or
sessile. Fruit reddish-brown,
tomentose, obovoid or oblong-
ellipsoid, 1.7-3.5 cm. long
and 1.5—2.5 cm. broad, sessile

p. Bark of trunk longitudinal-
ly striate. Twigs 4-6 mm.
thick at the apex. Leaves
rigidly coriaceous. Male
flowers S-6 mm. in
diam.; female 8—9 mm.
long. Male pedicels 2
mm. thick and female 4
mm. thick. Tomentum of
flowers with hairs 1-2
mm. long. Anthers 14—
17. Fruit oblong-ellip-
soid, 3 cm. long and 2
cm. broad

(28) K. percoriacea

p. Bark of trunk flaking irre-
gularly, not longitudinally
striate. Twigs 2-3 mm.
thick at the apex (ex-
cept in var. lunduensis).
Leaves thinly coriaceous,
slightly smaller (except
in var. lunduensis). Male
flowers 5 mm. in diam.,
female 6 mm. long. Male
pedicels 1 mm. thick, fe-
male flowers _ sessile.
Tomentum of flowers 0.5
mm. long or less (longer
in var. lunduensis).
Anthers 9-12. Fruit obo-
void, 1.7 cm. long and
1.5 cm. broad (larger in
var. lunduensis)

(18) K. latericia and
its vars

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

m. Leaves not widest at the middle, but the
sides nearly parallel, not cordate at the
base. Bark tending to crack in the older
portions only, consisting of a smooth,
reddish-brown portion at 3-4 cm. be-
low the furfuraceous apex and then the
older greyish-brown flaking portion.
Flowers mitriform in bud (this char-
acter not apparent in very young buds).
Anthers 18~20 (10) K. galeata

l. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake

q. Nerves 40—52 pairs, (more numerous
than in any other species of Knema).
Sides of leaf nearly parallel. Flowers
tomentulose outside. Fruit flanged along
thé line of suture (27) K. pectinata

q. Nerves 12-40 pairs. Sides of leaf nearly
parallel or not. Flowers tomentulose or
tomentose outside. Fruit not flanged
along the line of suture (not seen in
woodii)

r. Twigs angled and glabrous at the
apex, blackish in patches, greyish
lower down. Leaves often drying
dark grey above, their margins

‘nearly parallel; nerves 23-30
pairs. Flowers tomentulose out-
side. Staminal disc flat, triangular
with 18—23 anthers

(37) K. woodii

r. Twigs not angled at the rusty-fur-
furaceous apex, grey, straw-
coloured or reddish-brown lower
down. Leaves usually drying an
olive-green above, their margins
sometimes nearly parallel, but most
often widest at the middle; nerves
12-40 pairs. Flowers tomentose
outside. Staminal disc convex and
circular in outline with 8—18—(20)
anthers

139

Gardens Bulletin, S.

s. Leaves chartaceous to thinly

liptic-lanceolate or lanceolate,
sometimes lobed (heterophyl-
lous); nerves 12-20 pairs,
average 16. Twigs 2 mm.
thick at or near the apex.
Male flowers 3—4 mm. long
and 5 mm. broad in bud, 7-8
mm. across when expanded;
female flowers 5 mm. long.
Male pedicels 4-7 mm. long.
Anthers 8—13, average 11
(12) K. glomerata

s. Leaves chartaceous to thinly

coriaceous, oblong or oblong-
obovate and narrowed to the
base, not elliptic (the sides
sometimes parallel) not hete-
rophyllous; nerves 20-40 pairs.
Twigs slightly thicker, 3-4
mm. thick at or near the apex.
Male flowers slightly larger.
3-5 mm. long and 6-7 mm.
broad, 1 cm. across when ex-
panded; female flowers 8 mm.
—1 cm. long. Male pedicels 8
mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13-
18-(20) average 18

(16) K. korthalsti

k. Bracteole at base of the perianth. Anthers sessile,
Shortly stalked or sessile in plumulosa. (Leaves
not so large as in the preceding group, 11-30
cm. long except in mandaharan). Flowers mostly
cream-coloured inside

t. Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, 11—
30 cm. long, nerves 12—22 pairs

u. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Stam-
inal disc convex or mammillate; con-

nectives

not produced beyond the

apices of the anthers. Fruit covered
with short, dense tomentum or scurf,
0.5 —1 mm. long except in plumulosa

140

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

v. Petioles of young leaves, apices of
twigs and also flowers, pedicels and
fruit covered with dark rusty wool,
the hairs 2 mm. long. Male flowers
6—7 mm. long; female 1 cm. long,
female pedicels 3—4 mm. long and
4—5 mm. thick. Perianth persistent
in fruit (29) K. plumulosa

v. Petioles of young leaves, apices of
twigs and also flowers, pedicels
and fruit covered with very short,
rusty-stellate scurf, not lanose.
Male flowers 4-6 mm. long; fe-
male 7-8 mm. long, female pedi-
cels 7-8 mm. long (3-4 mm. in
uliginosa). Perianth not persistent
in fruit

w. Twigs mostly reddish brown,
greyish in the older parts. Re-
ticulations of leaves close and
distinct above (faint or distinct
above in mandaharan). Flower
buds not depressed in the
centre when dry. Male pedi-
cels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Fruit
ellipsoid or oblong, tomentose
or covered with stellate scurf
which rubs off, 3—4.5 cm.
long and 1.8—3.5 cm. broad;
stalk 5 mm.—1.2 cm. long

x. Leaves coriaceous, 11-22
—(30) cm. long, acute or
rounded at the base;
nerves 12-22 pairs.
Twigs 2—3 mm. thick at
apex. Male pedicels 7—8
mm. long. Staminal disc
mammillate. Fruit ellip-
soid, 3—4 cm. long and
1.8-2.2 cm. broad,

141

Gardens Bulletin, S.

covered with short rusty-
stellate scurf; stalk 8
mm.—1.2 cm. long and
2-3 mm. thick

(14) K. intermedia

x. Leaves rigidly coriaceous,
17-30 cm. long in young
apical leaves only or in
some specimens from
higher altitudes (normal
or mature leaves 30-60
cm. long), rounded at the
base; nerves 22—26 pairs.
Twigs 5 mm. thick at the
apex. Male pedicels 4
mm. long (probably
slightly immature).
Staminal disc flat or
slightly convex. Fruit
oblong, larger and more
densely tomentose with
hairs up to 1 mm. long,
3—4.5 cm. long and 3-3.5
cm. broad; stalk 5-7
mm. long, stout, 5 mm.
thick

(23) K. mandaharan

w. Twigs reddish-brown at the ex-
treme apex only, pale greyish
lower down in the younger and
older parts. Reticulations of
‘eaves less dense or less distinct
above. Flower buds often de-
pressed in the centre when
dry. Male pedicels 5—6 mm.
long. Fruit sub-globose or
slightly obovoid, rusty-
tomentose, 1.8 cm. long and
1.5 cm. broad; stalk 4 mm.
long (36) K. uliginosa

u. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Staminal
disc flat or concave; connectives pro-
duced beyond the apices of the anthers

142

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

when dehiscing. Fruit sparsely covered

with 3 mm. long, shining, rusty-brown

hairs (32) K. rufa

t. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 30-60 cm. long
(young ones at the tips of twigs often
smaller, 17-30 cm. long); nerves 22—26
pairs (23) K. mandaharan

j. Stigma few-lobed, usually bifid and each lobe again divided into
2—3 lobes or serrations
y. Style present (length 1.5—-2 mm. long). Anthers sessile
z. Bracteole median, sometimes below the middle or near
base of pedicel. Leaves large, 15—40 cm. long with
25-35 pairs of nerves. Twigs 5 mm. or more thick
at the apex. Male flowers 7 mm.—1 cm. long. Male
pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm. long. Anthers 13-18. Fruit el-
lipsoid or ovoid, mostly tomentose, sometimes
tomentulose. (A Himalayan species)
: (21) K. linifolia
z. Bracteole at the base of the perianth, less often above
the middle. Leaves smaller (medium sized) with
fewer veins except in oblongifolia var. oblongifolia.
Twigs 2—3-(5) mm. thick at the apex. Male flowers
3—8 mm. long. Male pedicels 1-8 mm. long. Anthers
6-13. Fruit variously shaped, tomentulose
aa. Leaves 15-43 cm. long and 4—16 cm. broad,
oblong, oblanceolate or (narrowly oblong to
lanceolate in oblongifolia var. monticola), base
rounded or cordate, but acute or less often
rounded in var. monticola; nerves 18-30 pairs;
midrib usually not striate beneath; reticulations
scalariform. Twigs angled and furfuraceous at
the apex, smooth and reddish-brown lower
down. Anthers 6—8. Fruit obovoid, 2—2.3 cm.
long and 1.5—2 cm. broad; stalk 5 mm. long
bb. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, oblong-lanceo--
late or oblanceolate, 20-43 cm. long,
average 33 cm. and 9-16 cm. broad,
average 11 cm., base rounded or cordate;
nerves about 30 pairs. Male pedicels 6-8
mm. long
(26) K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia
bb. Leaves coriaceous (mountain plants),
lanceolate, shorter and narrower, 15—25

143

Gardens Bulletin, S.

cm. long and 4—7 cm. broad, base acute or
less often rounded; nerves 18-25 pairs.
Male pedicels absent or very short, 1 mm.
long (26) K. oblongifolia var. monticola

aa, Leaves generally smaller and narrower than in
var. oblongifolia yet broad in some specimens
of attenuata, 8-32 cm. long and 1.5-11 cm.
broad, base mostly acute, less often rounded;
nerves 12—20 pairs; midrib striate beneath when
dry; reticulations fine and close. Twigs not
usually angled at the furfuraceous apex, dark
brown or blackish and finely striate lower down.
Anthers 9-13 except in small forms of Jaurina,
Fruit not obovoid but sub-globose, oblong or
ellipsoid, 1.5—3 cm. long and 1.3—1.6 cm. broad;
stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long

cc. Anthers 6—-8-(11); stalk of staminal disc
1.8-2 mm. long. Leaves chartaceous to
slightly coriaceous, drying pale brown
above; petiole 6 mm.—1 cm. long and 2
mm. thick. [Covering small, nearly glabrous

forms of /aurina including tridactyla]
(20) K. laurina

cc. Anthers 9-13; stalk of staminal disc 0.5
mm. long. Leaves chartaceous, seldom
coriaceous except in some mountain forms
of globularia from Indo-China, drying an
olive-green above, sometimes with a black-
ish or dark green metallic lustre; petiole
8 mm.—1.5 cm. long, more slender, 1.5 mm.
thick
dd. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,

8—17 cm. long and 1.5—5 cm. broad;
reticulations fine on both surfaces;
petiole 8 mm —l! cm. long. Male
flowers 3 mm. long in bud, rusty-
tomentose. Fruit sub-globose, 1.5—2
cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad

(11) K. globularia

dd. Leaves elliptic-oblong or elliptic lan-
ceolate, 13-32 cm. long (average 18
cm.) and 4.5—11 cm. broad (average 6

144

Vol. XVII. (1961).

cm.); reticulations slightly more dis--
tinct, especially above; petiole 1—1.5
cm. long. Male flowers 4-5 mm. long
in bud, rusty-lanose (hairs longer,
about 0.5 mm. long). Fruit oblong or
ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm.
broad (2) K. attenuata

y. Style absent or extremely short. [Bracteole usually +
median on the pedicel but in some varieties of cinerea,
especially in young or immature flowers, the bracteoles
are above the middle or even at the base of the flower.
As the pedicel grows longer, then bracteole will probably
be + median]. Anthers sessile or stalked (generally
stalked but sessile in the members of groups 5 and 6)

ee. Twigs glabrous, usually pale straw-coloured, or at
least in parts, smooth, not striate (occasionally a few
faint striations may be present in the older parts).
Leaves drying an olive or yellowish-green above.
Anthers sessile, numerous, 17—25. Fruit becoming
glabrous

ff. Leaves often elliptic or widest at the middle (ex-
cept. in some of the vars where they are spa-
thulate, lanceolate, obovate or linguiform)
length up to 14.5 cm. (small leaves in var.
arenosa and paludosa); petiole up to 1.2 cm.
long. Bark of twigs not flaking. Perianth
puberulous ‘outside. Staminal disc triangular
with the anthers touching each other laterally.
Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1—1.3 cm. long
(6) K. curtisii and its vars

ff. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not elliptic nor widest
at the middle, length 12—25 cm.; petiole 1.5—2.5
‘cm. long. Bark of twigs occasionally flaking in
the oldest parts. Perianth nearly glabrous out-
side. Staminal disc circular with well-spaced
anthers. Fruit obovoid, sessile or almost sessile;

stalk when, present 3-5 mm. long
(24) K. membranifolia

ee. Twigs glabrous or tomentulose at the apex, not pale
straw-coloured, but reddish-brown, greyish or dark
brown, striate or striate at least in the older parts.
Leaves drying greenish, brownish or blackish above..

145

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Anthers usually stalked but sessile in Jatifolia, less
than 18. Fruit becoming glabrous or not

gg. Leaves drying blackish or dark brown above
with a metallic lustre. Anthers 3 only, one at
each angle of the triangular staminal disc. Fruit
rusty-tomentulose becoming glabrous, sometimes

ridged or flanged along the line of suture
(19) K. latifolia

gg. Leaves not drying blackish above. Anthers more
than 3. Fruit glabrous or not, ridged or not

hh. Male pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long;
female 1.5 mm. long or flowers sessile.
Anthers 6-10 (12-15 in rigidifolia) shortly
stalked. Fruit oblong or obovoid

ti. Leaves 1-4 cm. broad; reticulations in-
visible or distinct above. Fruit 1.8 cm.
long and 1 cm. broad, obovoid

jj. Reticulations invisible or very faint
above. Flowers rusty-tomentulose.
Male flowers 2-—2.5 mm. long.
Male pedicels 4-5 mm. long. Fe-
male flowers 2—2.5 mm. long. Fe-
male pedicels 3 mm. long
(34) K. stenophylia
jj. Reticulations distinct above and be-
low, forming a close, dense net-
work. Flowers rusty-tomentose
with stellate and dendroid hairs.
Male flowers 4 mm. long. Male
pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Female
flowers not seen
(25) K. muscosa

ii. Leaves 2.5—8.5 cm. broad; reticulations
distinct. Fruit 1.8-4 cm. long and
1—2.5 cm. broad, obovoid, oblong or
sub-globose

kk. Twigs coarsely striate. Leaves dry-
ing a medium brown above, nerves
oblique, very prominent above as
are the reticulations, lower surface
not covered with rusty-stellate

146

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

scales when young. Fruit stalk 3-8
mm. long or fruit sessile

Il. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-

lanceolate or obovate, covered
with stellate hairs on the mid-
rib and nerves beneath when
young, later glabrous. Flowers
densely rusty-tomentose with
stellate and dendroid hairs.
Fruit obovoid, tomentose, not.
ridged nor flanged along the
line of suture, stalked

(35) K. tomentella

Ill. Leaves lanceolate or oblong--

kk.

147

lanceolate (never obovate),
glabrous beneath. Flowers.
‘tomentulose. Fruit not obo-
void, tomentulose, ridged or
not ridged along the line of
suture, stalked or sessile
mm. Leaves coriaceous;.
nerves 16-20 pairs, obli-
que. Anthers 7—10. Fruit
oblong, strongly ridged
along the line of suture..
3.5—4 cm. long and 2.5
cm. broad; stalk 5-&
mm. long
(15) K. kinabaluensis
mm. Leaves rigidly coriace-
ous; nerves 17—25 pairs,
slightly less oblique.
Anthers 12-15. Fruit
sub-globose, not ridged:
along the line of suture,
3 cm. in diam.; stalk 3:
mm. long
(31) K. rigidifolia
Twigs finely striate. Leaves
drying a dark brown above or
sometimes dark green; nerves.
less oblique and less promi-
nent; reticulations less promi-

Gardens Bulletin, .S.

nent; lower surface covered
with rusty-stellate scales when
young. Fruit obovoid; stalk
1-1.5 cm. long
| (4) K. communis
hh. Male pedicels 6 mm —1.5 cm. long (3-4
mm. in cinerea var. rubens); female more
than 2 mm. long. Anthers 9-17, stalked.
Fruit variously shaped

nn. Twigs striate right up to the apex, ex-
cept in scortechinii. Leaves elliptic or
lanceolate

oo. Leaves elliptic, 9-19 cm. long,
drying greenish or yellowish-green
above, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous
beneath; nerves 7—14 pairs (except
in var. surigaoensis); reticulations.
forming a dense, very prominent
network above and below. Tomen-
tum at apex of twigs rusty-brown.
Fruit tomentulose; stalk 1.5—1.8

cm. long
(17) K. kunstleri and its vars

oo. Leaves not elliptic, but lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, the sides
nearly parallel, 16-32 cm. long,
drying brownish or dark brown
above, less coriaceous, covered
with stellate scales or hairs be-
neath when young; nerves 18-30
pairs. Tomentum at apex of twigs
light brown. Fruit at first tomen-
tose, the hairs shedding and the
fruit becoming tomentulose; stalk
5 mm.—1 cm. long
pp. Twigs tomentulose from the

apex to some distance down,
coarsely striate from the apex
right down their entire length.
Leaves medium brown above
when dry, lower surface with
stellate hairs on the midrib
and veins or all over when

148

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

young or persisting. Male
pedicels 7 mm. long. Fruit
ellipsoid (8) K. erratica
pp. Twigs-tomentulose at the apex
only and not striate there,
finely striate lower down.
Leaves dark brown above
when dry, lower surface
covered with rusty-stellate
scales when young, becoming
glabrous. Male pedicels 1—1.2
cm. long. Fruit ovoid-globose
(33) K. scortechinii

nn. Twigs not striate right up to the apex.
Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or
oblong
qq. Twigs reddish-brown. Leaves mem-
branous, greenish-brown with a
blackish tinge above when dry;
reticulations fine but distinct on
both surfaces; forming a close net-
work. Male pedicels 1—1.5 cm.
long. Staminal disc flat. Fruit obo-
void, 1.5 cm. long and 1—1.2 cm.
broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long
(22) K. malayana
qq. ‘Twigs greyish or greyish with black
patches here and there (some
brownish-black patches in_ var.
cordata). Leaves mostly coriaceous
or thinly coriaceous, brownish or
greenish above when dry; reticu-
lations fainter or sometimes
scarcely visible above but quite
distinct in var. andamanica and
var. cordata. Male pedicels
shorter, usually 5 mm.—1 cm. long
(3-4 mm. long in var. rubens).
Staminal disc slightly convex.
Fruit mostly oblong but also sub-
globose (see under vars for shapes
and sizes).
(3) K. cinerea and its vars

149

Gardens Bulletin, S.

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CINEREA

a. Leaves not cordate at the base, length usually 10-24 cm., rarely
or not exceeding 28 cm., drying greenish or brownish above.
Twigs 1-3 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at least
10 cm.

b. Leaves usually drying greenish or greenish-brown above,
(less often brownish), glaucous beneath, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, usually about 5—7 cm. broad, but also nar-
rower, 3-4 cm., or broader up to 10 cm. Reticulations
often visible above but fine and not very prominent.

c. Fruit small, sub-globose to slightly obovoid, brick-red,
tomentulose, 1.5 cm. & 1.2 cm. on a slender, 7 mm.
long and 1 mm. thick stalk. Leaves drying greenish
above, 4.5—8.5 cm. broad var. cinerea

c. Fruit larger, oblong or ellipsoid, puberulous, becoming
glabrous, often blackish or blackish-brown when
dry, 2.5-4.5 cm. & 1-2.5 cm.; stalk 7 mm.—1 cm.
long and 3 mm. thick. Leaves greenish or less often
brownish when dry

d. Fruit covered with extremely short, scale-like
tomentum, later sub-glabrous. Leaves 4-10 cm.
broad, average 5—7 cm. Male perianth 4 mm.
long, tomentulose to sub-glabrous. Anthers 10-—
17; stalk of staminal disc 1 mm. long

var. sumatrana

d. Fruit sparsely covered with 1 mm. long,
shaggy, plumose hairs, later sub-glabrous, size
smaller, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad.
Leaves narrower, average 3-4 cm. broad
(broader forms 5—10 cm. broad) more distinctly
reticulate. Male perianth larger, 5 mm. long,
more tomentose; female flowers also slightly
larger. Anthers 10-13; stalk of staminal disc
2 mm. long var. andamanica

4. Leaves drying a rich brown above, glaucous or brownish
beneath, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, not so
wide. Reticulations indistinct or invisible above
e. Leaves narrow with nearly parallel sides, 3—5 cm.

broad, acute at the apex; midrib raised above, shin-
ing and reddish-brown beneath; nerves oblique.
Twigs slender, 1-2 mm. thick at the apex and for

150

Vol. XVIII, (1961).

some distance (10 cm.) down where they are covered
with a minute, light brown tomentum. Male pedicels
3-4 mm. long. Fruit oblong, 2—2.2 cm. long and
1.5-1.7 cm. broad; stalk 3—5 mm. long and 3 mm.
thick. var. rubens

e. Leaves slightly broader, 3—7.5 cm. broad, sides not
parallel, apex generally obtuse but sometimes acute
on the same specimen; midrib lying in a groove
above, not shining beneath, nerves nearly horizontal
leaving the midrib at an angle of 70° to nearly 90°.
Twigs thicker, 3 mm. thick at the apex, the tomen-
tum confined to the apex and not extending down so
much as 10 cm. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long.
Fruit as in var. cinerea, sub-globose or slightly obo-
void, 1.3—1.5 cm. long and 1—1.3 cm. broad; stalk
7 mm.—1.5 cm.,long and 1 mm. thick

: var. patentinervia

f. Flowering pedicels (male) 5 mm.—1 cm. long;
fruiting pedicels 7 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous,
up to 23 cm. long, nerves 15-25 pairs, pro-
prominent beneath, reticulations faint beneath

f. patentinervia

f. Flowering pedicels (male) 1.3—1.5 cm. long; fruit-
ing pedicels 8 mm:—1.5 cm. long. Leaves chart-
aceous, thinner, up to 16 cm. long, nerves 10-—
16—(22) pairs, fainter beneath, reticulations also
fainter. Confined to Borneo _f. longipedicellata

a. Leaves cordate at the base, length 21—36 cm., drying brownish
above. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at
least 10 cm. var. cordata

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CURTISII

a. Reticulations of leaves faint on both surfaces; apex acute or
obtuse

b. Leaves broadly elliptic, less often elliptic-lanceolate, never
liguliform or spathulate; apex acuminate or bluntly acute;
average length usually 8 cm. and over, average breadth
4-5 cm. var. curtisii

b. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, obovate or spathu-
late; apex acute or obtuse; average dimensions smaller,
4-8 cm. long and 1.5—3 cm. broad

151

Gardens Bulletin, S.

c. Leaves obtuse at the apex, coriaceous, usually drying
blackish brown; veins fine and faint below
d. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, 1.5—3 cm.

broad (average 2.5 cm.) var. paludosa
d. Leaves spathulate or liguliform with nearly paral-
lel sides, 1-1.8 cm. broad var. amoena

c. Leaves acute at the apex, chartaceous, usually drying
green above, lanceolate, 1—-1.5 cm. broad; nerves
extremely faint or not visible on both surfaces

var. arenosa
. Reticulations of leaves distinct on both surfaces, apex generally
obtuse var. linguiformis

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA KUNSTLERI

. Leaves coriaceous, broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, apex
bluntly acute or obtuse, nerves 7—14 pairs, reticulations very
prominent on both surfaces var. kunstleri

. Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, narrower, oblong-
lanceolate, the sides nearly parallel, apex acute or acuminate,
nerves 12-20 pairs (average 18 pairs), reticulations not so
prominent var. Surigaoensis

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA LATERICIA

. Twigs stout, 4-5 mm. thick at the apex and just below. Leaves
17-50 cm. long (average 25 cm.) and 5—20 cm. broad
(average 10 cm.), few in number and distantly spaced on the
twigs, rounded at the base or rarely sub-cordate. Fruit 3—3.5
cm. X 2.5 cm. with hairs 1.5-2 mm. long var. lunduensis

. Twigs slender, 2-3 mm. thick at the apex and just below.
Leaves up to 20 cm. long and to 10 cm. broad, more numerous
on the twigs, acute or sometimes rounded at the base. Fruit
smaller, up to 2.3 cm. long and to 1.7 cm. broad with shorter
hairs, 0.5 mm. long or less
b. Leaves 4-10 cm. broad, average 5—6 cm., drying brownish
above and brownish or glaucous beneath; midrib and
nerves reddish-brown. Tomentum of twigs, flowers and
fruit reddish-brown var. latericia
b. Leaves 2-5 cm. broad, average 3 cm., drying a paler
brown, greyish-brown or greyish-green, whitish beneath;
midrib and nerves also paler. Tomentum of twigs, flowers
and fruit pale brown var. albifolia

iSZ

Vol. XVII, (1961).

KEY TO BORNEAN SPECIES.

a. Leaves covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath
especially when young, scales persisting in K. elmeri

b. Nerves 22-35 pairs; lamina 30—42 cm. long. Male pedicels
1.5—1.8 cm. long. Anthers shortly stalked. Fruit large,
5S—7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad (1) K. ashtonii

b. Nerves 15-20 pairs; lamina 12—22—(26) cm. long. Male
pedicels 4-7 mm. long. Anthers sessile or stalked. Fruit
smaller, 1.8-2.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm. broad
c. Twigs angled, their bark greyish-brown and tending

to crack or flake. Anthers 10—12, sessile; staminal
disc convex. Female flowers sessile, both sexes pale
brown outside and scarlet inside. Fruit oblong or
elliptic-oblong; stalk 2-5 mm. long

(7) K. elmeri

c. Twigs terete, their bark dark reddish-brown, finely
striate and not tending to crack. Anthers 7—9, shortly
stalked; staminal disc flat. Female flowers on a 5 mm..
long pedicel, both sexes reddish-brown outside and
pink inside. Fruit obovoid; stalk 1-1.5 cm. long

(4) K. communis

ae 3 Leaves not covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath,
glaucous or brownish beneath when dry

d. Leaves pubescent or thinly tomentose beneath with stellate
hairs

e. Twigs not striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf
sunk above. Male pedicels 3-5 mm. long with
bracteole at base of perianth. Female flowers sessile.
Perianth red inside. Anthers 7—8—(11 rarely), sessile.
Fruit-stalk 2—3 mm. long (20) K. laurina

Twigs usually striate in the apical parts. Veins of leat

raised above. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long with

a median bracteole. Female pedicels 5 mm. long.
Perianth yellowish or greenish-yellow inside with a
brownish-pink spot at the base of each lobe. Anthers

13-18, shortly stalked. Fruit-stalk about 1 cm. long

(5) K. conferta

d. Leaves glabrous beneath

f. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack or flake (not
always apparent unless adequate lengths of twigs are
present; may not always be visible in /atericia)

"153

Gardens Bulletin, S.

g. Leaves widest at the middle, cordate or not at
the base. Bark tending to crack in the apical
as well as in the older parts. Male flowers not
mitriform in bud. Male pedicels 3-10 mm. long.
Anthers 9-13

h. Leaves large (sometimes small ones at the
tips of the twigs) 10-50 cm. long and 3-14
cm. broad, cordate at the base; nerves 24—
35 pairs. Male flowers pale yellowish-brown
outside, 6-7 mm. long; female same colour,
1 cm. long. Male pedicels 7-10 mm. long,
female flowers nearly sessile, their pedicels
2 mm. long. Fruit pale yellowish-brown,
sparsely tomentose, oblong, 3.5—4.5 cm.
long and 3 cm. broad; stalk 4-5 mm. long

(9) K. furfuracea

h. Leaves smaller, 12—32 cm. long and 3—7 cm.
broad, (sometimes larger in /atericia var.
lunduensis) not cordate at the base; nerves
9-22 pairs. Male flowers reddish-brown
outside (pale brown in Jatericia var. albi-
folia) S-6 mm. long; female same colour,
6—9 mm. long. Male pedicels 3—4 mm. long,
female 4 mm. long or flowers sessile. Fruit
reddish-brown, tomentose, obovoid of
oblong-ellipsoid, 1.7—3.5 cm. long and 1.5—
2.5 cm. broad, sessile

i. Bark of trunk longitudinally _ striate.
Twigs 4-6 mm. thick at the apex.
Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Male
flowers 5—6 mm. in diam., female 8-9
mm. long. Male pedicels 2 mm. thick
and female 4 mm. thick. Tomentum of
flowers with hairs 1—2 mm. long.
Anthers 14—17. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid,
3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad

. (28) K. percoriacea

i, Bark of trunk flaking irregularly, not
longitudinally striate. Twigs 2-3 mm.
thick at the apex (except in var.
lunduensis). Leaves thinly coriaceous,
slightly smaller (except in var.

154

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

lunduensis). Male flowers 5 mm. in
diam., female 6 mm. long. Male pedi-
cels 1 mm. thick, female flower sessile.
Tomentum of flowers 0.5 mm. long
or less (longer in var. lunduensis). An-
thers 9—12. Fruit obovoid, 1.7 cm. long
and 1.5 cm. broad (larger in var.
lunduensis)

(18) K. latericia and its vars

g. Leaves with nearly parallel sides, not widest at
the middle, not cordate at the base. Bark tend-
ing to crack in the older portions only, con-
sisting of a smooth reddish-brown portion at
3—4 cm. below the furfuraceous apex, and then
the older greyish-brown flaking portion. Male
flowers mitriform in bud (except when very
young). Male pedicels 1.8—2.5 cm. long. Anthers
18—20 (10) K. ga'‘eata

f. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake except some-
times in membranifolia

j. Nerves numerous, 20-52 pairs. Leaves large, 20-44
cm. long with nearly parallel sides. Stigma with
numerous lobes, 8-12 ;

k. Nerves 40—52 pairs, more numerous than in any
other species of Knema. Fruit flanged along the
line of suture. Anthers about 14. Flowers
tomentulose ~ (27) K. pectinata

k. Nerves less numerous, 20-40 pairs, fruit not
flanged along line of suture (not seen in woodii).
Anthers (13)—18—23. Flowers tomentulose or
tomentose

I. Twigs angled and glabrous at the apex,
blackish in patches, lighter or dark grey
lower down. Leaves often drying dark grey
above, their margins nearly parallel; nerves
23-30 pairs. Flowers tomentulose outside.
Staminal disc flat, triangular with 18-23
anthers (37) K. woodii

I. Twigs rarely angled at the apex, rusty-fur-
furaceous, grey-straw-coloured to reddish-
brown and glabrous lower down. Leaves
usually drying an olive-green above, their

155

Gardens Bulletin, S.-

margins sometimes nearly parallel, but
shape mostly oblong-obovate, widest at the
middle and narrowed to the base; nerves
20-40 pairs. Flowers tomentose outside.
Staminal disc convex and circular in out-
line with 13—18—(20) average 18 anthers
(16) K. korthalsii

J. Nerves not so numerous, leaves smaller and of various
shapes, sides parallel or not. Stigma with fewer lobes,

2-6 (except in intermedia, uliginosa and probably

rufa)

m, Leaves drying blackish above with a _ glossy
metallic lus're. Anthers 3 only, one at each angle
of the triangular disc. Fruit rusty-tomentulose
becoming glabrous, sometimes ridged or flanged
on the suture (19) K. latifolia

m. Leaves not drying blackish. Anthers more than
3. Fruit glabrous or not, ridged or not

n. Twigs g'abrous, usually pale straw-coloured
or at least in parts, smooth, not striate
(occasionally a few striations present in the
older parts). Leaves usually drying an olive
or yellowish green

o. Fruit nearly glabrous, ridged on the
suture. Anthers 17—25 (sessile); stam-
inal disc triangular, concave. Bracteole
median |

p. Leaves often elliptic or widest at the
middle (except in some of the var-
leties where they are lanceolate,
spathulate, obovate or linguiform)
length up to 14.5 cm; petiole up
to 1.2 cm. long. Bark of twigs not
flaking. Perianth puberulous out-
side. Staminal disc triangular with
the anthers touching each other.
Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1-1.3 cm.
long (6) curtisii and vars

p. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not ellip-
tic nor widest at the midd’e, length
12-25 cm; petiole 1.5-25 cm
long. Bark of twigs occasionally

156

Vol. XVII. (1961).

flaking in the oldest parts. Perianth
nearly glabrous outside. Staminal
disc circular with well-spaced
anthers. Fruit obovoid, sessile or
almost sessile; stalk 3-5 mm. long

(24) K. membranifolia

o, Fruit rusty-tomentose, not ridged on the
suture. Anthers 12; staminal disc cir-
cular, convex or mammillate. Bracteole
at base of perianth (36) K. uliginosa

n. Twigs glabrous or not, but not pale straw-

coloured, striate or striate in parts. Leaves
usually drying some shade of brown but
sometimes greenish or greenish-brown
q. Male pedicels 5 mm. long and over,
female more than 2 mm. long. Anthers
10 and over, sessile or stalked. Fruit
variously shaped
r. Twigs reddish-brown and _ nearly

smooth for some distance down,
often striate in the old portions
(sometimes smooth). Leaves reti-
culate, mostly with scalariform
reticulations on both surfaces.
Bracteoles at base of flower.
Anthers 10-15, sessile. Stigma
with 8—10 lobes

s. Male pedicels 5 mm-—1 cm..

long. Staminal disc convex or
mammillate, connectives not
produced beyond the apices
of the anthers. Fruit densely
covered with short, 0.5 mm.
long tomentum

t. Twigs mostly — reddish-
brown, greyish in the
older parts. Reticulations
of leaves close and dis-
tinct above. Flower buds
not depressed in the cen-
tre when dry. Male pedi-
cels 8 mm.—1 cm. long.
Fruit ellipsoid, 3-4 cm.

157

Gardens Bulletin, S.

long and 1.8-2.2 cm.
broad, covered with rusty-
stellate scurf which rubs.
off, stalk 8 mm.—1.2 cm.
long

(14) K. intermedia

t. Twigs reddish-brown (or
not) at the extreme apex
only, pale greyish lower
down in the younger and
older parts. Reticulations.
of leaves less dense or dis-
tinct above. Flower buds
often depressed in the
centre when dry. Male
pedicels 5-6 mm. long. :
Fruit sub-globose or
slightly obovoid, 1.8 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. broad,
rusty-tomentose, stalk 4
mm. long

(36) K. uliginosa

s. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long.
Staminal disc concave, con-
nectives produced beyond the
apices of the anthers on de-
hiscing. Fruit sparsely cover-
ed with 3 mm. long, shining,
rusty-brown hairs

(32) K. rufa

r. Twigs reddish brown, greyish or
greyish with black patches here
and there, generally more distinctly
striate, sometimes strongly so. Re-
ticulations prominent or faint.
Bracteole normally median but in
some varieties of cinerea above
the middle or even at the base of
the perianth (especially in imma-
ture flowers). Anthers stalked or
shortly stalked, 7-17. Stigma lobes.
fewer, bifid and then each lobe
again shortly bifid

158

Vol. XVII. (1961).

u. Twigs reddish-brown, coarsely

striate up to the apex. Leaves
elliptic, drying greenish or
yellowish-green above, rigidly
coriaceous, nerves 7—14 pairs
(except in var. surigaoensis);
reticulations forming a dense
network, very prominent and
raised on both surfaces. Fruit
ellipsoid, less often sub-glo-
bose, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.5
cm. broad; stalk 1.5—1.8 cm.
long (17) K. kunstleri

u. Twigs reddish-brown or greyish

with black patches, not always

_ so coarsely striate at the apex.

159

Leaves not elliptic, mostly
lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate
or oblong, drying greenish or
a rich brown above, mem-
branous or coriaceous; nerves
14—25 pairs; reticulations less
prominent,. sometimes faint

. above in some varieties of

cinerea. Fruit of various
shapes, sub-globose, oblong,
ovoid, or obovoid, in a range
of 1.5—4.5 cm. long and 1—2.5
cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1.3:
cm. long

v. Twigs reddish-brown.
Leaves membranous,
greenish-brown with a
blackish tinge above;
reticulations fine on both
surfaces. Male pedicels
1.3-1.5 cm. long. Stam-
inal disc flat. Fruit obo-
void, 1.2—1.7 cm. long
and 1-1.3 cm. broad;
stalk slender, 8 mm.—1.5
cm. long

Gardens Bulletin,S.

(3) K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata
v. Twigs greyish or greyish
with black patches here
and there (some brownish-
black patches in var.
cordata). Leaves mostly
coriaceous or _ thinly
coriaceous, drying brown-
ish or greenish above;
reticulations faint or
sometimes scarcely visible
above but quite distinct
in var. andamanica and
var. cordata. Male pedi-
cels shorter, usually 5
mm—l cm. long (3-4
mm. in var. rubens).
Staminal disc slightly con-
vex. Fruit mostly oblong
but also sub-globose (see
under vars for shapes and
sizes
(3) K. cinerea and its vars

q. Male pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long,
female 1.5 mm. long or flowers sessile.
Anthers fewer, 6—10, shortly stalked
(sessile in muscosa). Fruit oblong or
obovoid
w. Nerves oblique, 16-20 pairs, raised

and very distinct above. Fruit
oblong, very strongly ridged along
the line of suture, 3.5—4 cm. long
and 2.5 cm. broad; stalk 5—8 mm.
long (15) K. kinabaluensis
w. Nerves less oblique, 10-20 pairs,
visible above and raised but less
distinct. Fruit obovoid, not ridged
along the line of suture, smaller,
1.8-2 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm.
broad; stalk 7 mm—1.5 cm. long
x. Leaves lanceolate, 7-15 cm.
long and 2—3.5 cm. broad, not
covered with rusty scales be-
neath; nerves 10-12 pairs;

~-160

Vol. XVII. (1961).

reticulations very prominent
above; petioles very shortly
tomentulose but also sparsely
long hairs. Perianth densely
covered with erect, 0.5 mm.
rusty-tomentose with 1 mm.
long, stellate and dendroid
hairs. Fruit stalk 7 mm. long
(25) K. muscosa
x. Leaves oblong to lanceolate,
6—25 cm. long and 3-7 cm.
broad, average breadth 5 cm.,
lower surface covered with
rusty stellate scales when
young; nerves 17-20 pairs;
reticulations prominent above,
petioles very shortly tomen-
tulose becoming’ glabrous.
Perianth very shortly tomen-
tulose outside. Fruit stalk
1-1.5 cm. long
(4) K. communis

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CINEREA IN
BORNEO

a, Leaves not cordate at the base, length usually 10-24 cm,
rarely or not exceeding 28 cm., drying greenish or brownish
above. Twigs 1-3 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for
at least 10 cm.

b. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. broad,
average S—7 cm. (variable in size), drying generally
greenish, less often brown, glaucous beneath; reticula-
tions of the upper surface often visible but fine and not
very prominent. Anthers 12—17, average 14. Fruit oblong
or ellipsoid, puberulous, becoming glabrous, blackish or
blackish-brown when dry, 2.5-4.5 cm. long and 1-2.5
cm. broad; stalk 7 mm.—1 cm. long var. Sumatrana

b. Leaves oblong-'anceolate or narrowly lanceolate, usually
not so wide, 3—7.5 cm. broad, drying a rich brown abvuve,
glaucous or brownish beneath; reticulations of the upper
surface indistinct or invisible. Anthers-7—13. Fruit oblong
or sub-globose, 1.3—2.2 cm. long and 1.5—1.7 cm. broad;
stalks 3-7 mm. long except in f. longipedicellata

161-

Gardens Bulletin, S.

¢. Leaves narrow, 3—5 cm. broad and with nearly parallel
sides, bluntly acute at the apex, midrib raised above,
reddish-brown and shining beneath; nerves oblique.
Twigs slender, 1-2 mm. thick from the apex to
some 10 cm. downwards, also minutely light-brown
puberulous on that interval. Anthers 7-12. Male
pedicels 3—4 mm. long. Fruit oblong, 2—2.2 cm. long
and 1.5—1.7 cm. broad; stalk 3-5 mm. long and
3 mm. thick var. rubens
c. Leaves slightly broader, 3—7.5 cm. broad, sides not
parallel, generally obtuse at the apex but sometimes
also acute on the same specimen, midrib lying in a
groove above, nerves nearly horizontal, leaving the
midrib at an angle of 70° to nearly 90°. Twigs
thicker, 3 mm. thick at the apex and the tomentum
confined to the apex and not extending down the
twig as far as 10 cm. Anthers 10-13. Male pedicels
longer. Fruit sub-globose to slightly obovoid, 1.3
cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk 7 mm.—1.5 cm.
long and 1 mm. thick
var. patentinervia and its forms
d. Flowering pedicels (male) 5 mm —1 cm. long;
fruiting pedicels 7 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous,
up to 23 cm. long, nerves 15-25 pairs, pro-
minent beneath, reticulations faint beneath
f. patentinervia
d. Flowering pedicels (male) 1.3-1:5 cm. long;
fruiting pedicels 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long. Leaves
chartaceous, thinner, up to 16 cm. long, nerves
10—16-(22) pairs, fainter beneath, reticulations
also fainter. Confined to Borneo
f. longipedicellata
a. Leaves cordate at the base, length 21-36 cm., drying brownish
above. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at
least 10 cm. var. cordata
SYSTEMATIC PART
(1) Knema ashtonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 1.

Propter antheras stipitatas, bracteolam basi perianthii positam,
fructum magnum, folia magna sub-cordata subtus cinnamomeo-
squamosa, haec species K. retusae proxima. Floribus minoribus,
antheris paucioribus, disco staminali convexo, fructibus obtusis
{non apiculatis), nervis foliorum pluribus et inter se propioribus,
reticulationibus magis distinctis K. ashtonii tamen differt.

162

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 1. Knema ashtonii J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, apex of twig showing angles.
C, male flower enlarged. D—-E, staminal column. F, immature female
flower. G, ovary and stigma. H, fruit. I, scales from lower surface of
leaf. A, C, D, E and I from Jaheri 611 (BO). B from Ashton
BRUN 202 (SING). F and G from Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN
17386 (SING isotype). H from Endert 4775 (BO).

163

Gardens Bulletin, S..

Arbor 12-18 m. alta, radicibus adventivis praedita. Cortex
levis ochraceus. Ramuli apice 4-5 mm. crassi, angulati, minute
ferrugineo-squamosi vel tomentelli, infra teretes griseo-brunnei,
vix striati. Folia chartacea, oblongo-obovata, supra glabra, subtus
squamis cinnamomeis tecta, deinde glabra, nervis cinnamomeis
‘costaque exceptis, albo-grisea, apice rotundata, obtusa vel breviter
apiculata, basi rotundata vel sub-cordata, 30-42 cm. longa, 8-14
cm. lata; costa utrinque prominens; nervi 22—35-jugati, obliqui,
paralleli, supra distincti, subtus valde prominentes; venulae dis-
tinctae et dense reticulatae; petioli 1-2.5 cm. longi, tomentelli.
Flores masculi numerosi ex pedunculis lignosis 5 mm.—1 cm.
longis umbellatim orti; perian.hium ferrugineo-tomentosum, in
alabastro 5 mm. longum ac 6 mm. in diam., dein apertum 9 mm.—
1 cm. latum, in lobos usque ad ? fissum; pedicelli 1.5—1.8 cm. longi,
graciles, apice minute bracteolati; discus staminalis convexus
cum 11-13 antheris breviter stipitatis coronatus. Flores feminei
(immaturi) oblongi, 5 mm. longi; pedicelli 5-6 mm. longi, apice
bracteolati; ovarium ferrugineo-tomentosum; 2-3 mm. longum;
stylus brevis in stigma bi-lobatum terminatus; lobi stigmatis etiam
minute bi-lobati. Fructus obovoideus, fusco-brunneus, tomentellus,
5-7 cm. longus, 3 cm. latus, apice obtusus, pericarpio 4 mm.
crasso; stipes 5 mm.—l1 cm. longus, 6 mm. crassus.

Tree 12-18 m. high with some stilt roots. Bark smooth, ochre.
Twigs minutely rusty-scaly or tomentulose, angled and 4-5 mm.
thick at the apex, lower down, greyish-brown, terete, scarcely
striate. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-obovate, medium green, glossy
and glabrous above, covered with cinnamon-coloured scales be-
neath, later glabrous and greyish-white except for the cinnamon-
brown nerves and midrib, apex rounded and shortly apiculate, less
often obtuse, base rounded or sub-cordate; midrib prominent on
both surfaces, nerves 22-35 pairs, oblique, parallel, distinct above,
very prominent beneath, 1-1.5 cm. apart; reticulations forming a
dense close network on both surfaces; length 30-42 cm.; breadth
18-14 cm.; petiole 1-2.5 cm. long. Male flowers numerous, arising
in umbels from <tout, woody, 5 mm.—!1 cm. long p:duncles; perianth
rusty-tomen ose, 5 mm. long and 6 mm. in diam. in bud, 9 mm.-l :
cm. across when expanded, split down to # of its length into the
lobes; pedicels 1.5-1.8 cm. long, slender, with a minute bracteole
at the avex; staminal disc convex with 11-13, shortly stalked
anthers. Female flowers (immature), oblong, 5 mm. long; pedicels
5—6 mm. long with the braz‘eole at the apex; ovary rusty-tomentose,
2-3 mm. long; a short style present terminating in a bi-lobed stigma,

t

164 :

Vol. XVII, (1961).

each lobe again minutely bi-lobed. Fruit obovoid, dark brown-
tomentulose, 5-7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, obtuse at the apex,
pericarp wall 4 mm. thick; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long and 6 mm.
thick.

MALAY |
PENINSULA SELANGOR: 15th mile Pahang Track, Ridley 8504
(CAL, SING).

BORNEO SaRAWAK: Sungei Sabal Tapang, Sabal F.R., Serian,
Nahar SAR 12697 (SAR, SING); Sin-
clair Nos. 10271 (E, K, L, NY, SAR,
SING) and 10275 (A, B, E, K, L, SAR,
SING).

BRUNEI: Sungei Temburong, 1 mile above Kuala
Belalong, Ashton, Smythies & Wood
SAN 17386 (BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING)
& 17387 (SAN, L, SING); Kuala Bela-
long, Ashton BRUN 5202 (BRUN, L,
SAR, SING).
EAST AND
NORTH-EAST *
BORNEO: Bukit Milie or Milier = (Miller Range),

Amdjah 170 (BO, SING); Sungei
Moegne, (Exp. Nieuwenhius) Jaheri 611
(BO, SING); No. 24 L. Iboet, West
Kutei, Endert 4775 (BO, L).

BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO: Ulu Lukutan, 8 mls E.N.E. of Sipitang,
Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4582 (KEP, L,
SAN, SING). :
DISTRIBUTION: Malay. Peninsula and Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17386

~(BRUN, K holotype, L, SAN, SING)
other duplicates of this, not seen by me,
have been distributed to A, BO, BRI &
KEP.

This species has been named in honour of P. S. Ashton former-
ly of the forest service in Brunei. It usually grows by the banks
of streams. The distinguishing features are the rusty-brown-scaly,
angled, young twigs, the large leaves, often cordate at the base,
their cinnamon-brown and later white under-surface, the dense
reticulations on both surfaces, the bracteole at the base of the
flower, the stalked anthers, and the large fruit.

Ridley 8504 from Selangor was placed by Gamble in oblongi-
folia to which it has some alliance. I mentioned it only in List of
Collectors [Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958)] as probably
K. glaucescens var. cordata but at that time I had not seen the
Bornean material. It has some superficial resemblance to K. cinerea
var. cordata especially in the leaves but the fruit is much larger
and on a thick, short stalk. The nearest ally seems to be K. retusa.

165

Gardens Bulletin, S.

The tomentum consists of minute, cinnamon-brown scales on the
lower surface of the leaf and if this is rubbed off, the dense greyish-
white reticulations can be seen. The cinnamon colour of the tomen-
tum tends to disappear on drying. This tomentum of K. ashtonii
also resembles that of K. elmeri but the leaves of that species are
smaller and neither rounded nor cordate at the base.

(2) Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897)
590 incl. var. latifrons Warp. 1|.c. 591; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras
22 '1.£ 1925) 12 16:

Basionym: Myristica attenuata Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 157
(Wall. Cat. 6791 nom. nudum); A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205;
Dalz. et Gibs. Bomb. Fl. (1861) 4; Beddome, Fl. Sylv. 2
(1872) t.271; Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110; King in Ann.
Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 316 pl. 152; Talbot, Syst. List
Trees, Shrubs etc. Bombay Presid. (1894) 165 et ed. 2 (1902).
281; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. Presid. 2 (1906) 531.

Synonyms: M. amygdalina Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. (1839) 175
non Wall..M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu Beddome, FI..
Sylv. 2 (1872) 271 pl. 271—Fig. 2.

Tall tree with flaking bark; sap red, copious. Twigs slender,
rusty-furfuraceous-tomentose at the apex, often blackish-brown
just below the apex, finely striate lower down. Leaves chartaceous
or thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, glossy
and glabrous above and drying olive-green, glaucous and glabrous
beneath, except in very young leaves, apex acute or acuminate,
base cuneate, rarely rounded; nerves 12-18 pairs, raised on both
surfaces, curving and gradually ascending, interarching at the
margins; reticulations fine but distinct above, forming a close net-
work, less distinct below; length 13-32 cm., average 18 cm.;
breadth 4.5-11 cm., average 6 cm.; petiole 1—-1.5 cm. long. Male
inflorescence an umbel at the end of a short, 4 mm. long, slender,
woody peduncle. Male flowers sub-campanulate or obovoid,
trigonous and 4-5 mm. long in bud, rusty-lanose outside with 0.5
mm. long dendroid-like hairs resembling tiny moss plants, glabrous
inside with striate, coriaceous lobes which reach down to 4 the
length of the whole perianth; pedicels also lanose, 4-7 mm. long
with the bracteole at the base of the flower, occasionally above
the middle of the pedicel; staminal disc flat or slightly concave
with a short, striate stipe and 9-13 (usually 13) sessile, slightly
erect anthers. Female flowers fewer, cylindric or narrowly ovoid,
sessile or sub-sessile; ovary ovoid, densely tomentose; a short bifid

166

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig.

2. Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. _
staminal column. D, female flowers. E, ovary, style and stigmas.

F, fruit. G, hairs from male flowers. A-C and G from Bor 9387
(DD). D and E after King. F from Bor 11554 (DD).

167

Gardens Bulletin, S.

style present, each lobe again bifid. Fruit oblong or ellipsoid,
terminating in a short apiculus, thin-walled, rusty-furfuraceous-
tomentose at first, later nearly glabrous, 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm.
broad, stalk 7 mm.—1 cm. long, slender with a small collar at the
base of the fruit. Ari] crimson, very thin.

PENINSULAR
INDIA s.L.: Johnson s.n. Herb. Cleghorn (E).
BOMBAY: S.1., Hooker, date 1849 (CAL); Khandala,

Duke’s Nose Ravine, Santapau 1316 (K);
Khandala, Meroli Plakar, Santapau
1979 (K); Kodkani, Bor 11180 (DD);
the following six Concan:—Herb. Hey-
neanum 6423a (BR) and s.n. (BR);
Law s.n. (Herb. Hk. f. et Th.) (A, K,
P); Dalzell s.n. (K); Dalzell, date 1878
(DD); Wari Jungle, Dalzell s.n. (CAL,
K); the remainder North Kanara:—
Yellapur, Dharwa, Patil 2537 (DD);
and Sedgwick & Bell 6059 (CAL);
Arbaie Ghat, Sedgwick 3169 (CAL);
Devimane Ghat, Bor 11554 (DD) and
Talbot 32 (CAL); N. Kanara, s.l., Talbot
Nos. 41 (PDA) and 108 (CAL); Na-
yoor, Talbot 272 (CAL); Mavirimone,
Talbot 273 (CAL, E, K) as var. lati-
frons; Karwur, Talbot 582 (CAL);
North Kanara, Talbot s.n. (DD).

MYSORE: Raans Somb., Brandis s.n. (DD); the fol-
lowing three South Kanara:—Beddome
s.n. (BM) as K. neglecta Warb. ined.;
Pilar, Fischer 4545 (CAL); Jimdiar,
Meebold 8568 (CAL); the remainder
Coorg:—Kerti, Camp 2, Laurie, 22nd
Jan., 1940 (DD, K); Makut, Bor Nos.
8780 (DD); 9387 (DD) and 9391 (DD)
and Laurie 5474 (DD).

KERALA: The following four Malabar:—Wight Nos.
869 (E) and 2490 (CAL); Shola Forest,
Carcoor Ghat, Brandis s.n. (DD); Silent
Valley, Khan M.S.A. 41 (DD); the re-
mainder Travancore:—Beddome 103
(PDA); Bourdillon Nos. 431 (K) and
432 (K); Calder & Ramaswami 1588
(CAL); Achenkovil, Calder & Rama-
swami 403 (CAL); Tennalai, Calder
1460 (CAL); the last three Colatoor-
polay, Tranvancore:—Bourdillon 505
(DD); Lawson 93 (CAL) and Lawson
26th Nov., 1893 (K).

MADRAS: S.1., Barber 2953 (CAL); Beddome 222
(K) as M. travancorica Bedd. ined.; Bed-
dome, date 1878 (CAL); Wall. Cat.
6791 (Herb. Heyneanum) (A, G Prodr.,
K, LE, M); Wight 1075 (E); Foot of
Nilgiris, Beddome 215 (PDA); Manan-

168

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

toddy, Wynaad, Forest Economist 29160
(BM, DD); Kuttalam, (Courtallam)
Wight Nos. 783 (E); 2484 (M) and
2486 (A, C, CAL, K, L, LE, P); Ana-
mallay near Coimbratore, Wight 2487
(L, LE, M); Kannikatty, Tinnevelly,
Barber Nos. 2940 (CAL, K); 31/21
(CAL) and 5671] (K); Tinnevelly Hills,
Beddome, date 1867 (PDA).

DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India as above.

TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica attenuata Hk. f. et Th., Wall.
Cat. 6791 (A, G Prodr., K holotype,
LE, M). Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et
Th.) Warb. var. latifrons Warb., Ka-
nara, Beddome’s numbers (B holotype
burnt, K). M. amygdalina Grah., Wari
Jungle, Dalzell (CAL, K).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Chora panu (Malabar); chora_ patthiri
(Tamil); rukt-maru (Kanara).

This species is very close to K. globularia in many details,
especially in the appearance of the twigs and the leaves (the same
colour on drying), the structure of the flower (anthers about the
same in number and sessile) and in the fruit. The distribution is
entirely different, this species being confined to the moist, shady
valleys of the west side of Peninsular India. It differs in the longer
and broader leaves, which are elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate
in shape, not lanceolate nor oblong-lanceolate, the reticulations
more distinct above, the longer male pedicels, the longer and
slightly denser tomentum of the flowers and in the larger but
similar type of fruit. I do not consider var. latifrons as distinct
since the leaves vary somewhat in breadth from 4.5—11 cm. on the
same plant, the average being 6 cm. broad, but always somewhat
elliptic and broadest at the middle.

{3) Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 611
t. 25 f. 1-2 (excl. sp. Philip. Warburg 13304 = K. glomerata).

Basionym: Myristica cinerea Poir. Dict. Encycl. Suppl. 4
(1816) 35 (non Wilkes = K. korthalsii); Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826)
65; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 207; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858)
12,

Synonyms: M. peltata Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 846; A.DC.
Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 207; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 72—-syn.
nov. M. caesia Zipp. ex Spanoghe, Linnaea 15 (1841) 346 [Icon.
15] nom. nudum. K. peltata (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.
(1897) 599—syn. nov.

169°

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. cinerea—Fig. 3 A-G.

Trees 10-12 m. high. Twigs minutely pale brown-puberulous
and slender (2 mm. thick) at the apex, glabrous, striate and thicker,
(3 mm. thick) lower down. Leaves membranous or chartaceous,
glabrous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, olive-green and
glossy above when dry, cinereous beneath with pale brown midrib
and nerves; apex acute or shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse, base
acute, sub-cuneate or occasionally rounded; nerves 12—18 (average
15) pairs, fine and raised on both surfaces, oblique or leaving the
midrib at an angle of 70°, curving slightly and interarching at the
margins; reticulations scalariform, usually obscure or invisible
above but visible in thin leaves, fine beneath; length 12~—28 cm.;
breadth 4.5-8.5 cm.; petiole 1.5 cm. long, slender, scroll-like or
tubular, being involute, almost closed except for the groove on
the upper surface. Male flowers on simple or bifurcate, 5—6 mm.
long, woody tubercles, pale to medium brown-tomentulose and
5 mm. in diam. in bud, 8 mm. across when expanded, split to the
base by the thick lobes; pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long, striate
longitudinally with a minute bracteole at the middle or usually a
little above the middle; staminal disc with a very short stipe,
circular in outline, slightly convex due to three ridges which meet
at its centre; anthers 11-14, average 13, well-spaced, obtuse, short-
ly stalked. Female flowers 5—6 mm. long, cylindrical or oblong,
split down half-way by the lobes; pedicels 7 mm.—1.4 cm. long
with the bracteole above the middle or a short distance below the
perianth; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, the short style ending in a
bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again bi-lobed. Fruit solitary, brick-
coloured, tomentulose, sub-globose or slightly obovoid with the
remains of the style at the obtuse apex, 1.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm.
broad on a slender, 1 mm. thick and 7 mm. long stalk, pericarp
very thin, about 0.5 mm. thick. Seed pale brown, filling the carpel.

LESSER SUNDA
ISLANDS LoMBOK: Sapit, Rindjani Volcanic Range, Elbert
1950 (A, BO, CANB, K, L, PNH);
Sewela, de Voogd 1640 (A, BO, L).
SUMBAWA: Ro Mts, Sultanat Bima, Elbert 3812 (A,

Le,
FLORES: Wailako, 6b14356 (BO, L); Mborong,
Rensch 1466 (BO).
TANIMBAR
ISLANDS
(TIMOR
LAUT): Pulau Jamdena:—forest near rest house

between Ilgnei and Otimmer, Buwalda
4158 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); Lurum-
bu, Buwalda 4801 (BO, K, L) and
bb24426 = Buwalda 207 (A, BO, L,
SING); Ilgnei, bb24279 (BO, K, L,
SING).

170,

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 3. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. vars. cinerea and sumatrana (Mia.}
J. Sinclair.

A, twig of var. cinerea with leaves and male flowers. B—C, the same
with male flowers enlarged. D—-F, the same, female flowers. G, the
same, fruit. H, fruit of K. cinerea var. sumatrana for comparison.
A-—C from Hulstijn 368 (BO). D—F from bb5430 (L). G from
Teijsmann 12187 (L). H from Ridley 3873 (SING).

171

Gardens Bulletin, S.

CELEBES NortTu
PENINSULA: Winawangan, 4 km east of Manado, Alston
16205 (BM); Pingsam, Kajuwatu, Mina-
hassa, Koorders Nos. 17498 (BO, K, L)
and /8130 (BO); Manado, Koorders
Nos. 18134 (BO) and 18135 (BO, L, P);
Boeha, Koorders 18140 (BO); Rahaan,
Manado, Riedel 5698 (BO, PDA, U).
CENTRAL
CELEBES: Tapalaeng, Noerkas 447 (BO, L, SING);.
Tjempaga, Rachmat 160 (BO, L, SING).
SOUTH-WEST |
PENINSULA: Bantimurung and vicinity, Buwalda 3804
(A, BO, K, L, PNH); Pangkadjene,
Teijsmann Nos. 11733 (BO, L, SING);
12187 (BO, L, SING) and 12226 (BO);.
Fienjoh, Baleh Angien, Teijsmann 12555
(BO, L, SING); Bonthain, Cel 1/2 (BO).
SOUTH-EAST

PENINSULA: Latoma, Kjellberg 1131 (BO, S).
PULAU
KABENA: Eempuhu, Landschaft Balo, Elbert 3396
(A, BO, CANB, K, L, PNH).

PULAU
Muna: Lambico, bb5429 (BO, L, SING) and
bb5430 (BO, L, SING).
- PULAU
BUTON: Labillardiére s.n. (BM, FI, G and Prodr.,
K, P).

MOLUCCAS SuLa
IsLANDs: P. Taliabu, Djiko Kamaja, (Atje) Hulstijn
368 (BO, L, SING); Sanana, Sula Bisfi,.
Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

BANDA: Cult. Hort. Calc. ex Banda, Roxburgh,
date 1802 (BR).
DISTRIBUTION: Lesser Sunda Islands, Celebes and Moluc-
cas.
TYPE MATERIAL: M. cinerea Poir., Labillardiére s.n. (BM,

FI, G and Prodr., K, P holotype). M.
peltata Roxb., Hort. Calc. ex Banda,
Roxburgh date 1802 (BR).

VERNACULAR NAME: Kala (Makassar, Celebes).

Knema cinerea (Poiret) Warb. was hitherto known only from
the single collection in fruit of Labillardi¢re from Pulau Buton.
This type material, although distributed in several herbaria, is
rather meagre and scrappy. A large amount of material both in
‘flower. and fruit of the same species was subsequently collected in
Celebes by Koorders and Teijsmann, but no one seems to have
~been aware that this material was identical with cinerea. The bulk
‘of it is mostly unnamed, but some of Koorders’s sheets bear the
-name M. glauca. It has also been given various other wrong names.
I saw that this material was very close to K. (glauca) glaucescens
Jack and had intended to describe it as a variety of glaucescens,
the main distinguishing difference being the small, sub-globose or

‘192

Vol. XVII. (1961).

slightly obovoid fruits on slender pedicels. At the time, when I
completed the account of the Malayan Myristicaceae, I also must
confess that I failed to connect this material with cinerea since I
had no type material of cinerea available for comparison at Singa-
pore.

K. cinerea (Poiret) Warb. has priority over the later K. glauces-
cens Jack, and is the oldest of the several binomials for the well-
known and widely distributed K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. The varieties
of K. glaucescens described by me in my revision of the Malayan
species have now to be transferred to the position of varieties under
K. cinerea var. cinerea. The former circumscription, K. glaucescens
var. glaucescens, was the correct name in my first paper for the
commonest form of glauca. Its rank is now altered to that of a
variety under K. cinerea. Although being the oldest binomial, for
the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java plant, the name glauces-
cens unfortunately according to the rules cannot now be used but
has to be rejected for the earliest trinomial (if any) even if that
trinomial is later than the binomial. The earliest trinomial is M.
glauca var. sumatrana (Bl.) Miq. (1852) so the correct name for
K. glaucescens Jack, whether we like it or not, becomes K. cinerea
var. sumatrana (Miq.) Sinclair. Had there been no trinomials the
name glaucescens would have stood as a variety under cinerea.

Apart from the best distinguishing character, the small sub-
globose fruit on slender pedicels, already mentioned, K. cinerea
var. cinerea differs from var. sumatrana in having the upper surface
of the leaf more glossy with the reticulations very faint or almost
invisible. The reticulations, however, may be quite distinct in thin
leaves so this character is not always reliable.

Labillardiére as mentioned above, collected K. cinerea (Poir.)
Warb. (=M. cinerea Poir.) type at Pulau Buton, and in his “Reise
nach dem Siidmeere” he identifies it as Myristica uviformis Lamk.
I have seen the type of M. uviformis Lamk. in Paris in Lamarck’s
Herbarium and the specimen belongs to Aporosa (Euphorbiaceae)
and not to Myristicaceae. The references for M. uviformis Lamk
are: — M. uviformis Lamk, Act. Paris (1788) 166 et Lamk, Encycl.
4 (1797) 391.

Warburg notes on page 612 of his monograph that Knema
cinerea may be the same as M. microcarpa Willd., after seeing the
name M. microcarpa written on the British Museum isotype of
K. cinerea from Pulau Buton collected by Labillardiére. Unfor-
tunately there is no type specimen of M. microcarpa Willd. pre-
served at Berlin in the Willdenow collection. Willdenow published
his species M. microcarpa in Roem. et Usteri, Mag. Bot. 3, 9 (1790)
27 and also refers to it in Sp. Plant. 4, 2 (1806) 871 where he
again describes it as “fructuum racemis ramosis”. From. this

173

Gardens Bulletin, S.

description it can never be a Knema so his name M. microcarpa
does not upset the validity or priority of K. cinerea (Poir.) Warb.
He quotes as a synonym M. uviformis Lamk and refers this to tab.
7 in Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 1 (1750) 27. Lamarck in Encycl. 4
(1797) 391 placed his microcarpa with doubt under M. uviformis.
Merrill in “An _ Interpretation of Rumphius’s Herbarium
Amboinense (1917) 231 regards this plate as a Horsfieldia species,
the M. tingens of BIl., and states that nothing in our Amboina
collections can be referred to this plate. The plate does show many
fruits in racemes so thus cannot be a Knema. The fruit with its
scars of fallen bracteoles and persistent calyx resembles that of an
Aporosa, but there is doubt that it represents an Aporosa at all,
as the fruit apex, there depicted, is not correct for Aporosa. In
fact it is doubtful also whether the plate represents any member
of the Myristicaceae. Willdenow describes two varieties of M.
microcarpa in Sp. Plant 4, 2 (1806) 871 and refers them to tab. 8
and 9 of Rumphius. Under Hosrfieldia (yet to be published) I shall
give both Merrill’s and my own opinion of what these may re-
present.

var. andamanica (Warb.) Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Knema glauca Bl. var. andamanica Warb. Monog.
Myrist. (1897) 596.

Synonyms: M. angustifolia Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 847 et Icones
Roxb., Kew, ined. No. 2572—syn. nov. M. corticosa (Lour.)
Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 158 quoad sp. Tenasserim pro
parte, Chittagong et Roxburgh s.n. (= K. angustifolia (Roxb.)
Warb. tantum; A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 quoad sp. Roxb.
tantum; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 quoad sp. Roxb. tan-
tum; Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma 2 (1877) 284. M. gibbosa Hk. f.
et Th. FI. Ind. (1855) 158; A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205; Hk. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 112; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3
(1891) 321 pl. 159; Kanjilal & Das, Fl. Assam 4 (1940) 46—syn.
nov. M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886)
111 quoad sp. andamanica et Roxb. tantum; Parkinson, For. FI.
Andaman Islands (1923) 223. M. glauca Bl., King in Ann. Roy.
Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 320 pl. 157 quoad sp. andamanica,
burmanica et et nicobarica tantum; Prain in J. As. Soc. Bengal
62, 2 (1893) 74. K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.
(1897) 561—syn. nov. Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. nicobarica
Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 596 pro parte quoad King 536
(altera pars=K. laurina)}—syn. nov. K. lenta Pierre ex Warb.
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 584 (M. lenta Pierre Msc.); Lecomte Not.
Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et Fl. Gén. de L’Indo-Chine 5, 2 (1914)

104—-syn. nov.—Fig. 4.

174

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Pe a
- tN / oN
c / ‘ °
oe j “a i ‘
aa E s G on ee /

74

= we
> f Wii LY AMY LY LAE
AOS MU Mi YH IY
ii, Ley aT

a7 - f
CG ANE
ray J
a anu Hy Yo
ti a), Oa win By, Lk
ef uda U ay far ‘ \ \
Ai i i '

of
“~~ *\ -—
=

SAO Qa S
al ee \\\
. ou

AY

\\

Fig. 4. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. andamanica (Warb.) J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B—C, male flowers enlarged. D,
same as A but showing older portion of twig. E—-F, female flowers.
G, fruit. H, seed. A-D from Maung Ba Pe 12909 (DD). E-F from
Po Khant 13230 (DD). G-H from V.S. Rao 5727 (DD).

175

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark dark grey, peeling off in thin flakes;
sap red, copious. Twigs rusty-tomentulose at the extreme apex,
then blackish brown and finely striate, coarsely striate lower down.
Leaves narrow-oblong-lanceolate, less often oblong, base acute,
apex acute or sometimes bluntly acuminate, dark green and shining
above, glaucous beneath; nerves 18—24 pairs, fine above, distinct
beneath, midrib raised on both surfaces but the tower part on the
upper surface lying in a groove which broadens out towards the
petiole; reticulations distinct on both surfaces and forming a close
network; length 12—20-(25) cm.; breadth 2.5-5 cm., but in some
forms 5-10 cm. broad. Male peduncles 5 mm.—1 cm. long with
scars of previous pedicels. Male perianth globose-triquetrous and
5 mm. long in bud, 8 mm. across when expanded, rusty-tomentose
or tomentulose with very minute, dendroid hairs outside, glabrous
and orange yellow or pale pink inside, thick and split half way or
more into the lobes; pedicels striate, 7-9 mm. long with a minute,
obtuse bracteole at the middle or rarely at the base of the perianth;
staminal disc flat with 10—13 stalked anthers, its stalk striate, 2
mm. long. Female flowers oblong to clavate or turbinate, 6-7 mm.
long on 5—6 mm. long pedicels with a median bracteole, split down
half-way into the lobes; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 2 mm. in
diam.; short style present ending in a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe
again divided into 3-4 lobes. Fruit ellipsoid, slightly narrowed
at each end, rusty-tomentose when young with plumose hairs 1
mm. long, later almost glabrous, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.3-1.5 cm.
broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long. Aril blood-red. .

INDIA BENGAL: Western Duars, North Bengal, Gamble
Nos. 2306A (K) and 2307A (K).
SIKKIM (EAST
HIMALAYA): Darjeeling, Gamble 2308A (K).

ASSAM: S.1., Masters, March 1846 (CAL); Khasi
(Khasia) Clarke 43779 (CAL); Hk. f.
et Th. 1082 (K) and Ak. f. et Th. s.n.
(A, BM, CAL, G Prodr., P, PDA, W)
as M. gibbosa, probably both same col-
lection; Bhuban Hill, Cachar, Kanjilal
4804 (CAL); Naga Hills, Collett 70
(CAL).

ANDAMANS: Narcodam, Prain, March 1891 (BM, BO,
CAL, G, K, L); Interview Island,
Laurie, 23rd April, 1938 (DD); Mid
Andaman, Parkinson 712 (CAL, DD);
Long Island, Kirat Ram 3658 (DD) and
Parkinson Nos. 706 (CAL, DD) and
764 (DD); North Baratang, Baker 220
(DD); Baratang, Parkinson 284 (DD,
K); Diamond Island, Prain, 30th Nov.,
1889 (CAL); the remainder South An-
daman:—s.1., Hamilton s.n. (BM); Hei-
nig 218 (CAL); King s.n. (G, K, L, LE,

176

Vol. XVI, (1961).

NICOBARS:

EAST PAKISTAN:

BURMA:

- MEL, P, SING, U); King, date 1884

(BM, BO, CAL, K, L, MEL, PDA);
ure s.n.. (CAL. G, Prodc.. K, M, P);
Tusonabad, King, 20th Aug., 1890
(CAL, PDA); Port Mouat, King, 27th
Dec., 1890 (K, L) and King, 2/st Nov.,
1891 (CAL); Balu Ghat, King, 24th
Sept., 1892 (BO, CAL);~ Dhani Kari,
King... Jan: T8932. (DER wGaAL,. UPS);
Anikhet Hill Jungle, King, 5th March,
1893 (DD, K, MEL, PDA); Hobdaypur,
King, 30th Dec., 1893 (CAL, P); Man-
pur, King, 20th. Feb., 1894 (P, CAL);
Mount Harriett, King, 19th Jan., 1895
(P); Ranga Chang, Prain 141 (DD,
SING) and April 1891 (CAL, SING).

King 536 (CAL; L, LE).
East Bengal, Griffith 4348 (A, CAL, K,

P) and Roxburgh s.n. (BM, P); the re-

“mainder Chittagong:—Cowan 1460 (E);
i} Dent-95 (DD): Wkitfrert Tess. (CA,

Bm, ©, CAL, CGE;'E;FI, G Prodr., K,
L, M, P, PDA, W) as M. corticosa; Ruo,
5727 (DD).

S.1., Brandis Nos. 392 (DD) and 692

(DD); Upper Burma, Denning Outpost,
Lohit Valley Road, 28°N, 96° 15’E,
Kingdon Ward 7913 (K); Upper Burma,
Brandis, April 1902 (K); Thaungyun,
Upper Burma, Brandis 409 (DD); Myit--
kyina, Tagwin Evergreen Forests, Par-
kinson 315 (DD); Myitkyina Hills, west
of Hopkin, Parkinson 348 (DD, K);
Bhamo, Cubit 619 (CAL); Kadu Hill,
Katha District, Lace 5093 (DD, E, K);

“Kokaung, Katha, A. Roger 806 (CAL);

Kinwa Village, Kaladan River, North
Arakan, C. G. Rogers 142. (CAL, DD);
Paungbyin Reserve, Mawlaik, R. R. Chin
252 (DD); Tharrawaddy District, Par-
kinson 630 (CAL); Pegu, Kurz 2431
(CAL, LE, P); Ngaputaw Township,
Bassein, Po Khant 2044 (DD); Pyin-
madan, Insein District, Parkinson 93
(CAL, DD); Myaukhlaing Reserve, In-
sein, Po Khant 130 (DD); Mingaladon,
Insein, Po Khant 13230 (DD); Ran-
goon, Beddome s.n. (BM) and McClel-
land s.n. (K); Rangoon, Dickason Nos.
5394 (A); 5394a (A); 5542 (A);
5585 (A); 5679 (A); 5828 (A) and
6689 (A); Rangoon, Po .Khant 981
(DD); Karen Country and Hills, Ton-
kyeghet, Pegu, Kurz 983 (CAL, FI, M);
Moulmein, Falconer s.n. (BO, DD, P);
Dwana Range, W. Amherst, Falconer
nos. 207 (CAL) and 2/0 (CAL) and
face 47/62.(DD, EF, K); Su. Kon’ Ls

177

INDO-CHINA CENTRAL
VIETNAM

(ANNAM):

SOUTH
VIETNAM
(COCHIN-
CHINA):

SIAM NorRTHERN
DIVISION:

SOUTH-EASTERN
DIVISION:

SOUTH-WESTERN

DIVISION:
DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAMES:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Chaung, Thaungzen Division, Maung Ba
Pe 12909 (DD); Headwaters of Heinze
Chaung, Tavoy, Gage 123 (CAL);
Taepe, Tenasserim, Gallatly 837 (CAL);
Mooltar, Tenasserim, Gallatly 898
(CAL).

Mt Bana, Clemens 4191 (A, BM, G, K,
Po, OC, US).

Bao Miang, Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre 22
(BR); Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre (5) 26
(BM, BO, E, G, LE, P); Chua Chuang,
Pierre (5) 66 (K, LE, P); Baria, Dihn,
Pierre date 1/1867 (LE); Gia Ray,
Prov. Bien Hoa, Poilane 2500 (P,
SING); Me Kong, Thorel 2152 (P).

Muang Fang, Kerr 5159 (BK, BM); Chi-
engdao, Kerr 5547 (BK, BM); Ban Hue
Pa, Me Hawng Sawn, Kerr 5470 (BK,
BM); Me Rim, Chiengmai, Kerr Nos.
6446 (BK, BM, PNH) and 6447 (BK,
BM); Me Li, Lampun, Winit 265 (BM);
Che Sawn, Pa Mieng, Kerr 3122 (BM).

Khao Pra Baht, Chantabun, Lakshnakara
508 (BK, BM).

Chumpawn, Kerr 11663 (BK, BM).

India, (E. Bengal, Sikkim, Assam), E.
Pakistan (Chittagong), Andamans, Ni-
cobars, Burma, Indo-China, Siam.

Knema glauca Bl. var. andamanica Warb.,
Several syntypes, King’s collections;
Narcodam, Prain, March 1891 (BM,
BO* CAL, G, K, L); Kurz sa. (CAE,
G/’Prodr., K, M, P); Hamilton’ 3.x.
(BM). K. glauca Bl. var. nicobarica
Warb., King 536 (CAL, L, LE) tantum.
Myristica angustifolia Roxb., E. Bengal
Roxburgh s.n. (BM, P). M. gibbosa Hk.
f. et Th., Khasia, Hk. f. et Th. s.n. (A,
BM, CAL, G Prodr., P, PDA, W) the
Kew specimen is numbered 1/082. K.
lenta Warb., Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre 26
(BM, BO, E, G, LE, P).

Japokrau§ (Burma); kywe-thway (Ran-
goon); myauk-thway (Burma); lablu
(Kachin); jhaiphal (S. Andamans); mak
muang luat; mumuang luat; ma mung
luat-noi; luat-kwai (Siam).

178

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Warburg was the first to give a name to this Knema from the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He recognized that the specimens
belonged to K. glauca, (now K. cinerea) but that they differed
slightly. He called those from the Andamans var. andamanica and
those from the Nicobars var. nicobarica. The Nicobar plants, how-
ever, represent two different entities. One syntype. King 536 is
identical with K. cinerea var. andamanica but the other syntype,
Kurz’s plant, is K. Jaurina. King included the Andaman and Nicobar
plants in glauca along with the Burmese, Malayan, Javanese and
Sumatran but did not give any of them a varietal name. The Java-
nese and Sumatran plants are var. sumatrana. Some of the Malayan
are also var. sumatrana, but Maingay’s numbers are var. patenti-
nervia. I have included the Burmese and the Chittagong M. corti-
cosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. as well as M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th. from
Khasia in var. andamanica. | have also included K. lenta and other
collections from Indo-China as well as plants from Northern Siam
in var. andamanica. The flowers of K. lenta are less tomentose and
the plant is nearer to var. sumatrana. There has been great con-
fusion with regard to M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. In Flora
Indica Hooker f. and Thomson united Knema corticosa Lout.
from Cochinchina. (now K. globularia) with the Chittagong,
Burmese and Javanese plants. By doing so, they were only partly
correct in that K. globularia (K. corticosa Lour.) does occur in
South Burma at Rangoon, Tenasserim and Mergui but not in
Chittagong or East Bengal. It resembles var. andamanica when
sterile, but does not extend further north than South Burma where
the two overlap. The var. andamanica extends north to Chittagong
and Khasia in distributional range. Hooker f. and Thomson sug-
gested that M. gibbosa was similar but did not unite it with their
corticosa. In Flora British India, there is still more confusion, where
Hooker placed the Chittagong M. corticosa under M. longifolia
var. erratica and the Burmese and Andaman plants under M.
glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. as well as the Javanese and Sumatran
plants. He was of the opinion that M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. was
the same as K. glaucescens Jack. He was correct only as in regard
to the Javanese and Sumatran plants which indeed are K. glauces-
cens Jack., [now K. cinerea var. sumatrana (Miq.) Sinclair]. King’s
M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. consists mostly of K. malayana Warb.
Warburg used the name malayana because of the confusion and
also because K. glaucescens Jack was earlier.

K. cinerea var. andamanica is closer to var. sumatrana than to
any of the other varieties. Actually the geographical separation of
the two is not so very great when we consider that the distance
from the north tip of Sumatra to the southern tip of the Nicobars

179

Gardens Bulletin, S:

is only about 125 miles. Variety andamanica differs from var.

sumatrana chiefly in the larger and more tomentose flowers, the.

longer stalk of the staminal disc and in the slightly smaller fruit
which is at first tomentose with hairs up to 1 mm. long. These hairs
are shed later and then the fruit is more like that of var. sumatrana.
The anthers are 10-13 as against 10-17 in var. sumatrana. The
leaves are generally narrower with more distinct reticulations,
being lanceolate and measuring 2.5-5 cm. in breadth as against
5—10 cm. in var. sumatrana, but in the Andamans there are also
specimens with broad leaves up to 10 cm. in width as well as ones
intermediate in size. King’s numbers (syntypes) include plants with
narrow, intermediate and broad leaves. The plants from Burma,
Chittagong and the other localities generally have narrow leaves.
The specimens with the broad leaves look very much like var.
sumatrana and more so when sterile. Parkinson stated in his
Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, page 223, sub M. glauces-
cens, that he thought there were two varieties, one with broad
leaves and the other with narrow leaves. I have examined a lot of
material from the Andamans and I do not think that there is any
strong argument for further splitting up into varieties on account
of the intermediate leaves. I now give some measurements which
will show that splitting is unnecessary :—

cm. broad cm. broad
King s.n. leaves .. 34.5 Baker 220 leaves .. 5.8-6.5
King s.n. leaves sary 4S Parkinson 706 leaves .. 7-8
King s.n. leaves .. 45.5 Parkinson 764 leaves Tick.
Parkinson 284 leaves .. 4.3-7.5 Kirat Ram 3658 leaves .. 8-10

Sterile specimens of var. andamanica are often difficult to dis-
tinguish from those of K. globularia (K. corticosa) especially in
the areas where the two species overlap. This is probably the rea-
son why Hooker f. and Thomson included K. corticosa Lour. i.e.
K. globularia with their M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. In K.
globularia the leaves are generally thinner in texture and the petiole
longer and more slender. The twigs, too are more slender. Both can
have purplish brown patches on the twigs. At times one meets
specimens which seem almost intermediate between the two. For
instance the following from the Col des Nuages near Tourane,
altitude 900 m. are troublesome:—Poilane Nos. 7990; 8073 and
8079. They have more coriaceous leaves than those of typical
globularia and also resemble var. andamanica. The thickness of
the leaves may be due to the altitude. I have named them
globularia rather than var. andamanica. If they are indeed
globularia, then one may be justified in describing them as a

180

Vol. XVII. (1961).

variety or form of K. globularia. K. cinerea var. andamanica may
also resemble glabrous forms of K. erratica but that species
generally has more veins in the leaf and the reticulations are more
distinct. The twigs are striate at the apex and never dark purplish

brown.

‘var. cordata (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Knema glaucescens Jack var. cordata J. Sinclair
in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 310 f. 13, D.

Synonyms: Myristica pulchra Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg.-

Bat. 2 (1865) 51. Knema
(1897) 600 t. 24 f. 1-2.

SUMATRA WEsT Coast:

PALEMBANG:
MALAY PENINSULA:

BORNEO SARAWAK:

BRUNEI:
WEST BORNEO:

SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO:

EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO:

pulchra (Miq.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.

Selungkor, Mid Sumatra, Koorders 10385
(BO).
Rawas, Grashoff 1019 (BO, L, SING).

Trengganu and Johore. For list see Gard.
Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 311.

North slopes of Mount Penrissen, M. Ja-
cobs 5030 (L, SAR) and 5100 (CANB, L,
SAR); Matang, Smythies SAR 12511
(SAR, SING); Sinclair Nos. 10339 (A,
B, E, K, L, SAR, SING) and 10341] (A,
E, SAR, SING). |

Peradayan F.R., Sow K.F.N. 80168 (K,
KEP, L, SING).

Lianggagang, Hallier Nos. 2994 (BO, L,

- SING) and 3013 (BO, L, SING, U).

G. Prarawin, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Sakum-
bang, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Provang,
Korthals s.n. (L); s.1., Korthals s.n.
(CAL, U).

No. 24 L. Iboet, West Kutei, Endert 2721
(A, BO, K,'L); No. 29 L. Liah, West
Kutei, Endert 3046 (A, BO, K, L) and
West Kutei, Endert 3141] (BO); Central
Kutei, Belajan River, G. Kelopok near
Tabang, Kostermans 10415 (L); Sungei
Susuk region, E. Kutei, Kostermans 5568
(BO, K, L, PNH, SING); Sungei Menu-
bar region, E. Kutei, Kostermans Nos.
5103 (BO, L, P, PNH); 5209 (BO, K, L,
P, PNH) and 5355 (BO, K, L, P, PNH,
SING); G. Mentawir, Balikpapan region,
Kostermans 9762 (BO, K, L); Labang,
Amdjah 309 (BO, L, SING); Bukit S.
Tulit, Amdjah 696 (BO, SING, U).

181

Gardens Bulletin, S.

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Knema glaucescens var. cordata J. Sinclair,
Trengganu, Sinclair & Kiah S.F.N. 39959
(A, BM, BO, E, K, KEP, L; P; “SING
holotype). Myristica pulchra Midq.,
South Borneo, G. Sakumbang, Korthals
s.n. (L); G. Prarawin, Korthals s.n. (L)
and River Tewe, Korthals, no specimens
seen from the latter but this may be sheet
Korthals sl. (CAL, U).

var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Knema_ glaucescens Jack var. patentinervia J.
Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 308 f. 13, C.

Synonyms: M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5
(1886) 111 pro parte quoad Maingay 1280.

f. patentinervia—Fig. 5 F—-H.

SUMATRA TAPANULI: Padang Si Dimpuan, sub-division Padang
Lawas, Pulau Limau, Rahmat Si Toroes
Jie tL, UC).
PALEMBANG: Grashoff 737 (BO, L); Ananang, Buurman
v.. Vreeden Nos. 136 (BO) and 137
(BO).
BANKA: Gunong Permisan, S. Selan, Biinnemeijer
2036 (BO); Jebus, Teijsmann 3475 (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: Trengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negri Sem-
bilan, Malacca, Johore, Singapore. For
list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 309.
New and first records for Kelantan:—
Kampong Gobek, Kerilla Estate, Mohd.
Shah & Kadim Nos. 471 (A, E, K, L,
SENG) and 520 (A, _ FE, K, EE. PNB:

SING).
DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula.
TYPE MATERIAL: Negri Sembilan, Ludin C.F. 1873 (K, KEP.

SING holotype).
f. longipedicellata J. Sinclair, f. nov.—Fig. 5A—E.

Haec forma a K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. patentinervia
foliis tenuioribus minoribus, nervis paucioribus minus distinctis,
pedicellis floriferis fructiferisque longioribus et a K. stenophylla
foliis majoribus, nervis magis distinctis, floribus majoribus.
pedicellis longioribus, antheris pluribus differt.

Folia chartacea, 5-16 cm. longa, 24.5 cm. lata, apice acuta vel
leviter acuminata, basi acuta raro rotundata: nervi 10—-16—(22)
—jugati tenues satis distincti; reticulationes utrinque quoque tenueés
+ distincti. Flores masculi 3-4 mm. in diam., intus pallido-flavidi.
antheris c. 12 obtusis stipitatis praediti; pedicelli graciles, 1.3-1.5
cm. longi, medio bracteolati. Fructus leviter obovoideus, 1.2—1.7
cm. longus, 1-1.3 cm. latus cum stipite 8 mm.—1.5cm. longo.
gracili, 1 mm. crasso.

182

a a

)

Vol. XVIM. (1961).

uy
ney

Re Ore ae ae Be

SES

\
ms

G

Cup AM!
De, '

Fig. 5. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. patentinervia (Sinclair) Sinclair

A

bd

f. longipedicellata J. Sinclair and f. patentinervia

twig of f. longipedicellata with leaves and fruit. B, the same with
very young fruit. C, the same with male flowers. D-E, the same,
male flower and staminal column enlarged. F, leaf of f. patentinervia
for comparison. G, fruit of f. patentinervia showing thicker fruit
stalk. H, male flowers of f. patentinervia showing the shorter
pedicels. A from Clemens 21206 (A). B from Clemens 20345 (L
isotype). C_E from Purseglove 5041 (SING). F—G from Corner
S.F.N. 28649 (SING). H from Ludin C.F. 1873 (SING holotype).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 4-10 m. high. Bark greyish-reddish brown, rough with some
pustules when old but not furrowed or striate; sap red, copious.
Leaves chartaceous, dark green and glossy above, glaucous beneath
with yellowish green midrib, apex acute or slightly acuminate, base
acute, rarely rounded: veins 10—16—(22) pairs, slender but distinct;
teticulations fine on both surfaces; length 5-16 cm.; breadth 24.5
cm. Male flowers 3-4 mm. in diam., cream inside with 12 obtuse,
stalked anthers; pedicels slender, 1.3—-1.5 cm. long with a + median
bracteole. Fruit 1.2-1.7 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad, slightly
obovoid, stalk 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long, slender, 1 mm. thick.

BORNEO Sarawak: Ist Division:—Matang, Beccari Nos. 1396
(FI) and 1709 (FI, K, P); Telok Asam,
Bako National Park, Purseglove 5041
(A, K, L, NY, SAR, SING); Gunong
Gaharu, Serian, Sinclair 10289 (A, E, K,
L, SAR, SING); Gunong Gading, Lundu,
Sinclair 10376 (A, E, K, L, SAR, SING);
Gunong Pueh (Mt Poi) Clemens Nos.
20016 (NY, SAR) and 20345 (A, BO,
G, K holotype, L, NY, SAR); Nanga
Pelagos, Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 35627
(A, B, E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING). 3rd
Division:—Kapit, Upper Rejang River,
Clemens 21206 (A, BM, BO, G, K, L,
NY, PNH, SAR).

WEsT BorRNEO: Pulau Tekemeng, Main 2065 (A, BO, K,
L, PNH, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak and West Borneo).
TYPE MATERIAL: Clemens 20345 (A, BO, G, K holotype,
L, NY, SAR).

This is the Bornean form of the var. patentinervia, which differs
from the typical form of that variety chiefly in the longer and more
slender flowering and fruiting pedicels. It also differs in the thinner
and usually smaller leaves with fewer and less distinct nerves.
After careful consideration, I have decided that this plant is best
described as only a form of var. patentinervia and not as a variety
since the affinities with typical patentinervia are close and obvious
and that there is some slight approach by intermediate variations
to var. patentinervia. This is seen in Main 2065 and Daud &
Tachun S.F.N. 35627 where the leaves are slightly longer than in
the average or typical states of longipedicellata, the specimens
being somewhat intermediate but nearest to forma lJongipedicellata.
There is also a close approach to K. stenophylla of the Malay
Peninsula but that species has 6-8 anthers and its leaves are
smaller with much fainter nerves and reticulations and the pedicels
shorter with smaller flowers. The Bornean form longipedicellata
ascends to over 900 m. on Mt Pueh.

184

Vol. XVII. (1961).

var. rubens (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, stat. nov.

Basionym: Knema glaucescens Jack forma rubens J. Sinclair
in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 307 f. 13, B.

‘SUMATRA TaPANULI: Tutupan, Sub-division Toba, Rahmat Si
Boeea 6022 (L,, UC).

East Coast: Gurach Batu, Asahan, Yates 1819 (B, BO,
NY, P, SING, UC); Masihi F.R., Kru-
koff 4087 (A, BO, BR, BRI, G, L, LE,
NY, SING, US); near Bandjalinggi,
Karey of Tebing-tinggi, Ldérzing 7467
(BO).

PALEMBANG: Lematang Ilir, bb9186 (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: Pahang, Johore, Singapore. For list see
Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 307.

BORNEO Sarawak: Matang, Beccari Nos. 1609 (Fl, G, K, M,

! S, W) and 2482 (FI, K) syntypes of K.

conferta var. borneensis, see under K.

* latericia.
DISTRIBUTION: ‘Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Sarawak.
TYPE MATERIAL: Singapore, Ridley 4819 (DD, K, SING
holotype).

It will be noticed that I have raised the status of rubens from
a form to a variety.

var. sumatrana (Miq.) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Myristica sumatrana Bl. Rumphia 1 (1835) 187 =
M. glauca Bl. var. sumatrana (B1.) Mig. in Pl. Junghuhn. (1852)
171.

Synonyms: M. glauca Bl. Cat. (1823) 111; Bijdr. 2 (1825) 576
et Rumphia 1 (1835) 187 t. 60; Miq. in Pl. Junghuhn. (1852) 171;
King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 320 pl. 157 pro
parte excl. sp. andamanica et burmanica (= K. cinerea var.
andamanica et K. globularia) et excl. Maingay Nos 1280—8&2
(—K. cinerea var. patentinervia); Koorders et Valeton, Med.
Lands Pl. Tuin 17 (1896) 189. M. glauca Bl. var. sumatrana
(Mig. see note) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900)
92 nom. alt. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind.
(1855) 158 pro parte non typica (incl. sp. javanica et born.);
A.DC. in Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 pro majore parte non typica;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 pro parte incl. sp. jav., born.
et sumatrana tantum. M. corticosa var. lanceolata Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 384. M. corticosa var. sumatrana (Bl.) Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 384. M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f.
et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 157 quoad sp. sumatrana tantum; FI. Br.
Ind. 5 (1886) 111 pro parte incl. sp. typicum et excl. K. globularia,

185

Gardens Bulletin, S.

K. malayana et K. cinerea var. andamanica. M. intermedia BI.
var. minor Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70—syn. nov. M.
geminata Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 385; King in Ann.
Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 322 quoad sp. sumatrana tantum
excl. sp. malayana (= K. stenophylla) et excl. pl. 160. M. palem-
banica Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 384. M. wrayi King in
Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 315 pl. 151. Knema
glaucescens Jack in Mal. Misc. 7 (1821) 35 et in Hooker’s Comp.
Bot. Mag. (1843) 357 t. 148; Warb. Monog. Myrist (1897) 616:
Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 302 f. 12 and 13, A. K.
geminata (Mig.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 604 t. 24 f. 1-2
quoad sp. sumatrana tantum, excl. K. stenophylla; Gamble, Mat.
Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 247 excl. sp. malayana (=K. steno-
phylla); Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 72 excl. sp. malayana.
K. glauca (Bl.) Ward Monog. Myrist. (1897) 594 t. 25 f. 1-3 incl.
var. typica l.c. 596 et var. sumatrana (Miq.) Warb. l.c. 597;
Koorders, Exkursionsflora v. Java 2 (1912) 258. K. palembanica
(Miq.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 592 t. 25. K. wrayi (King)
Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 572 t. 24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. FI.
Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 243; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70.
_—Fig. 3H.

SIAM PENINSULAR
DIVISION: Kopah, Ban Krap, Bukit Tinggi, Haniff &
Nur S.F.N. 2736 (CAL, K, SING) not
globularia; Nang Yawn, Takuapa, Kerr
17078 (BK, BM); Kao Den, Patalung,
Kerr 15309 (BK, BM).

SUMATRA S.L.: Forbes 3141 (L); Teijsmann s.n. (L) as
M. corticosa; Teijsmann s.n. (A, K) as
M. corticosa var. sumatrana.,
ATJEH: Deli-Atjeh Border, W.N. & C.M. Bangham
652 (A, K, NY, SING).
TAPANULI: s.l. Junghuhn 558 (K); Tobing, Angkola,
Junghuhn s.n. (CAL (15), L) probably
all one collection as type of M. corticosa
var. lanceolata & glauca var. sumatrana.

WEST
CoasT: Agam, bb6578 (BO); Ayer Nancior, Pa-
dang, Beccari 532 (FI, K, L); Mt Sing-
galang, Beccari FI acc. no. 7792 (FI);
Sungei Batung, Koorders 10382 (BO):
(Padang), Korthals (17) (CAL, L); Mt
Sago, Maradjo 57 (L); Bonjol, Teijs-
mann 475 (U).
EAST
COAST: Botanic Garden, Sibolangit, Ldérzing 5780

(BO, L, SING); vicinity of Huta Baga-
san, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea 6802 (A,
SING, US); vicinity of Aek Moente (Aer
Mutte) north-east of Tomuan Dolok and
west of Sahabat, Asahan, Rahmat Si

186

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

INDRAGIRI:

BENKULEN:

PALEMBANG:

LAMPONG:

PULAU
WEH:

PULAU

_ SIMALUR:

PULAU
SIBERUT:

BANKA:

Boeea 9131 (A, L); Gurach Batu, Asa-
han, Yates 1715 (B, BO, P, NY, SING,
UC); Sigmata near Rantau Parapat, Bi-
lia, Rahmat Si Toroes 3230 (A, L, NY,
UC, US).

Indrag. Uplands:—Kuala Belilas, Buwalda
6736 (BO, L); S. of Pekan Heran, Bu-
walda 6782 (BO, K, L, SING); Kritang
River, Buwalda 6968 (K, L, P, SING);
Muara Padjanki, Buwalda 6448 (BO, K,
L) narrow leaved form.

Jack, date 1821 (L); Redjang, Karangan-
jar, bb Nos. 7290 (BO, L, SING) and
8846 (BO).

Near Paoe, Forbes 2466 (BM, CAL, L,
LE, P); Lampar, Moesi River, Forbes
2606 (BM, CAL, L, LE); Tandjong
Ning, Forbes 2718 (A, BM, FI, L, LE,
P, PNH, SING); Bukit Tjirmin near
Suka Radja, Forbes 2916 (A, BM, CAL,
K, L, P, SING); Lematang Ulu, Lam-
bach 1296 (BO, L); north foot of G.
Pakiwang, north-west of Ranaumeer, v.
Steenis 3433 (B, BO, L, SING); Muara-
duwa (dewa) Teijsmann 3550 (BO,
CAL, U); Ogan Ulu, Endert 59 (BO,
L) and Teijsmann 3735 (BO, CAL, U);
Dermo Enim, Teijsman Nos. 3640 (BO,
U); 3641 (BO) and 379] (BO, U); Batu
Radja, Kebur-lahat, Teijsmann 3620
(BO, CAL, MEL, U); Batu Radja, Ke-
bur-lahat, Teijsmann s.n. (A, CAL, L.
LE, MEL, U) and 3924 (BO, CAL, U)
eet all one collection, numbered
ater.

‘Wai Lima, Lampong Estate, Iboet 400

- 8846 (BO).
Koorders 10531 (BO).

Achmad Nos. 198 (BO, L, SING); 206
(BO, K, L, SING, U); 647 (BO, SING);
685 (BO, L, SING, U); 840 (BO, L,
SING, U); 1139 (BO, L, SING); 1143
(BO, SING); 1176 (BO, L, SING, U);
F459 (BO; L, SING, U); 1576 (BO,
SING) and /579 (BO, L, SING).

Kloss S.F. Nos. 14496 (BM, BO, K,
SING, UC) and 14569 (BO, K, SING)
and Iboet 164 (B, BO, L, SING).

G. Maras, Kostermans & Anta 1299 (BO,
K, L, P, PNH); G. Mangol, Kostermans
&.4uta 652 (BO, K,. L, P, SING);
Lobok Besar, Kostermans & Anta 922
(K, L, P, PNH, SING) on the L sheet
var. patentinervia is also mounted; Pang-
kat-pinang, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING).

187

Gardens Bulletin, S.

MALAY PENINSULA: Kelantan, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Jo-
hore, Singapore. For list see Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 304.

JAVA S.L.: Blume s.n. (A, C, LE, NY) as M. corti-
cosa; Blume s.n. (BO, L, P) several
sheets as M. glauca; Commerson (Herb.
Martius) (BR, P); Gesker (L); Hasselt
s.n. (L); Horsfield (BM, CGE, K) the
CGE sheet is numbered 3; Junghuhn 561
(K); Kollmann (G. Boiss, NY); Kor-
thals s.n. (K); Labillardiére s.n. (K);
Leschenault s.n. (P); Reinwardt Nos.
(6) (L); (17) (L); (28) (L); Teijsmann
s.n. (BM, L, LE, P); Teijsmann & de
Vriese, date 1859-60 (L); de Vriese
(Herb. Pierre 5469) (L, P); Zollinger
Nos. 809 (P) and 1398 (P).

WEsT JAVA: Tjimara, Udjong Kulon, Prov. Bantam,
Koorders Nos. 5263 (BO, CAL, L) and
5286 (CAL); Udjong Kulon, Koster-
mans, July 1949 (BO, K, L, SING);
Kosala, Prov. Bantam, Forbes Nos. 486
(BM, BO, CAL, LE, PNH) and 592
(BM, BO, CAL, FI, K, SING); Gunong
Karang, Pulasari, Pandeglang, Prov.
Bantam, Koorders Nos. 5258 (BO) and
5259 (BO); Batavia, Junghuhn s.n. (BM,
CAL, L); near Batavia, Kollmann
(BM); Depok, Koorders 42238 (BO);
Jianten, south of Leuwiliang, west of
Bogor, Backer 25964 (BO, L, SING,
U); Hadjere, Janlappa, Bogor, Utja &
Wasijat Ja Nos. 6171 (BO, L); 6192
(BO, L); 6202 (BO, L); 6574 (BO, L);
6610 (BO, L); 66/1 (BO); 6615 (BO,
L); 6676 (BO, L); 6688 (BO, L) and
6786. (BO, L); the following five Gunong
Salak, Blume (L, NY); Koorders Nos.
24289 (BO) and 2429] (BO, L); Nees
s.n. (LE) and Teijsmann H.B. 3057
(BO); Tjampea, Koorders 30472 (BO);
Pangrango, H.B. 3060 (BO); Natur mo-
nument, Nusagede, Pendjalu, Koorders
44595 (BO); Natur monument, Beumée
6079 (BO); Madjenang, Backer 18687
(BO, SING); Pasir Tjirangsad, Bakhui-
zen v.d. Brink 3796 (BO); the remainder
in Preanger:—Pelabuan-ratu, Koorders
Nos. 5243 (BO); 11791 (BO) and 33082
(BO); Tjadas, Malang near Tjidadap,
Bakh v.d. Brink Nos. 438 (BO, L) and
3001 (BO); Tjampaka near Tjidadap,
Mt Tugu, Pasir Angin, Buwalda 3583
(K, SING); Tjampaka, Tjiharum, Bu-
walda 3625 (K, SING); Tjidadap, G.
Besar, Tjibeber, Winckel 308 (BO, CAL,
L, U); the following Koorders numbers
Takoka, Preanger:—Koorders Nos. 5244
(BO, CAL); 5245 (BO, L); 5247 (BO);

188

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Mp Java:

East JAVA:

11794 (BO, K); 12046 (BO); 12048
(BO); 25620 (BO, K, L); 25635 (BO,
K, L); 25732 (BO, K, L, SING); 25779
(BO, K, L) and 32714 (BO); Tjimas,
Koorders 5253 (BO, L); Sanggarawa,
Koorders Nos. 5254 (BO, L) and 5255
(BO, L); Mid Preanger, Tjiguludug,
Bandung, Ja 1502 (BO); Tjisewa, south
coast, Warburg 3184 (L, M).

Djatibosch, East Tegal, Beumée 3687 (BO);

Tjilatjap, Ja 2919 (A, BO, L) and Ja
2448 (A, BO, L) and Koorders 30294
(BO); Kedu, Sempor, north-west of
Gombong, Brinkman 655 (A, BO, K,
L); the following seven Pekalongan,
Subah:—Wanasari near Morgasari, Boot
33l1la (BO); Gondang, Hoffmann 6541
(BO) and 6609 (BO); Koorders Nos.
13335 (P, BO); 13561 (BO); 14258
(BO) and 27481 (BO, K, L); Prigi,
Backer Nos. 11788 (BO) and 11954

‘ (BO, SING); Wonosobo, Ja Nos. 2505

(A, BO, L) and 2533 (A, BO, L); Bod-
ja, Darsepono, Semarang, Beumée 8881
(BO); Karangasen, Semarang, Koorders
5295 (BO, L, P); the following four in
Djapara:—Teijsmann s.n. (BO, CAL,
U) as M. intermedia var. minor; Zollin-
ger s.n. (W); Ngarengan, Beumée 574
(BO) and Koorders Nos. 33609 (BO)
and 35722 (BO); Pati, Pangonan, Ja
a (BO); Kedalon, Rembang, Ja 1547
(BO)...

Pogal, Mousset 1139 (L); Bodjonegoro,

Klino, Ja 2036 (BO, L); Gunong Pan-
dan, Koorders Nos. 12399 (BO, SING,
U) and 12404 (BO); and Thorenaar
Nos. 59 (BO); 75 (BO); 269 (BO) and
356 (BO); Gadungan Pare, Kediri,
Koorders Nos. 22777 (BO, K, L) and
22838 (BO, BR, G Boiss., L); Tangkil,
Pasuruan, Koorders 23513 (BO) and
23943 (BO, K, L); Lumadjang, Zollin-
ger 2650 (BO, FI, G Boiss., MEL, P)
and s.n. (U); Pantjur Idjen, Besuki,
Koorders Nos. 5282 (BO, K, L); 5288
(BO); 13084 (BO); 14616 (BO, P);
ior, tao L, PP); 14616 (BO);
14619 (BO); 21607 (BO, L, P); 21634
(BO, L); 28613 (BO, K, L) and 3229/7
(BO); Tjurmanis, Besuki, Koorders Nos.
5289 (BO) and 5298 (BO); Muntjar,
Becking 54 (BO); Kali Wiming, Djem-
ber, Backer 18330 (BO, SING); Sanga,
Mumbul, Backer 30629 (BO, SING);
Rogodjampi, Besuki, Koorders Nos. 5269
(BO); 5283 (BO, K, L); 5285 (BO, L,

’P); 5286 (BO); 5287 (BO, L); 5290

(BO;: L); 5293 (BO, L); 13147 (BO,

189

ISLANDS NEAR

S.W. BANTAM:

NUSA

KAMBANGAN:

Nusa BARUNG:

MADURA:

LESSER SUNDA
ISLANDS BALI:

BORNEO SARAWAK:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

L); 13257 (BO); 13270 (BO); 29021
(BO, G Boiss., K); 38902 (BO, K) and
39343 (BO).

Pulau Meeuwen, Kostermans, June 1950
(A, BO, L, PNH, SING); Pulau Peut-
jang, Sinclair 10010 (A, B, BM, E, K,
L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING); Pulau Pa-
naitan, Mt Tendjo, J.v. Borssum Waalkes
402 (BO); Pulau Panaitan, Tandjong
Kadam, J.v. Borssum Waalkes 587 (BO,
iL):

Banjumas specimens, Mid Java, are also
placed here as Koorders wrote Banju-
mas, Nusa Kambangan on his labels.
He also sometimes wrote Nusa Kamban-
gan or Banjumas only. Probably most
or all of his specimens came from Nusa
Kambangan and he intended Banjumas
to mean Banjumas residency. Koorders
Nos. 3491 (BO, L); 5273 (BO); 5276
(2031); 5278 (BO, L); 5279 (BO, 1);
5281 (A, BO, L, P); 12174 (BO); 12183
(BO); 12212 (BO); 15670 (BO, G Boiss.,
L, P); 20084 (BO, L); 20151 (BO);
20286 (BO); 21907 (BO); 21913 (BO);
24686 (BO, L, P, UC); 26938 (BO, K,
i, Ps U); 26940 (BO, K, L,. P) and
27158 (BO); Banjumas, Pringombo,
Koorders Nos. 27184 (BO, L, UC);
33866 (BO) and 33889 (BO, P, SING);
Nusa Kambangan near Tjimiring, van

_ Straelen 13 (BO).

Koorders Nos. 5291 (BO, K, L) and 5292
(BO).

Mt Geger, Teijsmann H.B. 1754 (BO, L).

Tjandikusuma, Becking 145 (BO); Mt
Sangiang Complex, Negara, West Bali,
Kostermans, Kuswata, Soegeng & Soe-
padmo Nos. 285 (BO, L) and 298 (BO,
L); Pura Abian, Tuwung, Sanguidingin,
Tabanan, Kostermans, Kuswata, Soegeng
& Soepadmo 238 (L, SING).

Beccari 1094 (FI, K, P); Haviland (Garai)
1036 (K); North slopes of Mt Penrissen,
1st Division, south of Kuching, M. Ja-
cobs 5081 (CANB, L, SAR, SING); Gu-
nong Gading, Lundu, ist Division, Sin-
clair 10361 (A, B, E, FI, K, L, M, NY,
SAR, SING); Tanjong Kibong, Daud &
Tachun S.F.N. 36081 (BM, SAR, SING);
Gat, Upper Rejang River, 3rd Division,
Clemens Nos. 21600 (A, BM, BO, K,
L, NY, PNH, SAR) and 22/19 (A, BO,
K, NY, SAR); River Kenaban, Upper
Plieran, 3rd Division, Pickles SAR 3624

190

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BRUNEI:

West BORNEO:

EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO:

BRITISH
NORTH
BORNEO:

(L, SAR, SING); the remainder 4th Di-
vision:—Bukit Mersing, Tau Range,
Purseglove 5188 (K, L, NY, SAR
SING); North slopes of Mt. Kalulong,
Pickles SAR Nos. 3738 (BM, L, SAR,
SING) and 3757 (BM, L, SAR, SING);
Bintulu, Jelalong, Senada SAR 10111
(SAR, SING); near Long Kapuas, Mt
Dulit (Ulu Tinjar), Richards 1107 (A, K,
L, SING).

Andulau F.R., Ashton BRUN 588 (SING);

north slopes of Bukit Patoi, Temburong,
Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17401
(BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING).

Sungei Sambas, Hallier 1125 (BO, L.

SING, U); Pulau Lumukutan, JHallier
323 (BO, L, SING, U) and a Separate
collection 323 = K. laurina; Sungei Lan-
dak, Teijsmann s.n. (BO); Suka Lanting,
Hallier 8 (BO, L, SING); Kapuas, Teijs-
mann Nos. 8230 (BO, FI, SING) and

* 8674 (BO, FI, SING); Sungei Sibau, Hal-

lier 1192 (BO, L); Melawi, Ng. Risang,
B. Bragan, bb26354 (BO, L).

Mt Ilas Bungaan, Berouw (= Berau), Kos-

termans 13900 (L); L. Iboet, West Kutei.
Endert Nos. 2557 (A, BO, K, L) and
2822 (BO, K, L); Mt Maranga on Tund-
jung Plateau, West. Kutei, Kostermans
12577 (L); Belajan River, Gunong Kelo-
pok near Tahang, Central Kutei, Koster-
mans Nos. 10451 (CANB, L, SING)
and 10559 (CANB, L, P); Gunong
Tepian Lobang, East Kutei, Kostermans

- 5351 (BO, K, L); Pembliangan, Amdjah

941 (BO, L, U); Sungei Milier (Miiller
Range), Amdjah 171 (BO); Sungei Oc-
tung, Amdjah 343 (BO); Tikung, Ama-
jah 938 (BO, L, SING, U); Sungei
Magne, Jaheri 619 (BO); Sungei Pary,
Jaheri 1133 (BO, SING); Sungei Sok,
Jaheri 1755 (BO); Loa Djanan River
region, west of Samarinda, Kostermans
9948 (BO, L); Sungei Wain region,
north of Balikpapan, Kostermans 4327
(BO, L).

Kinabatangan, Evangelista 1109 (A, NY);

Suanlamba watershed, Sandakan, Castillo
646 (A, PNH, US); Payo River, Allen
Nos. 625 (A, NY) and also K. latericia
var. latericia and 628 (NY); Beaufort
F.R., Jesselton, Sow K.F.N. Nos. 7165]
(KEP) and 7/654 (KEP) small form,
not stenophylla; the following Penibu-
kan, Kinabalu, Clemens Nos. 30505 (A.

191

BANGUEY

ISLAND:

CULTIVATED:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

B, BO, G, K, L, M, UC); 30888 (A,
BO, K, L, NY, UC); 32027 (A, BO, G,
L, NY, UC); 32156 (A, BO, NY) and
32202 AA, BO, G, K, L, M, NY, UC);
Marai Parai, Kinabalu, Clemens 32852
(A, BO, G, L, NY, UC); Tenompok,
Kinabalu, Clemens 28766 (G, K, NY);
on hill south of Tabilong, at mile 18 on
path from Kota Belud to Kudat, Wood
& Wyatt-Smith A4237 (KEP, P, SAN,
SING) small form, not stenophylla; *Ulu
Moyah, 8 mls. S.S.E. of Malaman, Si-
pitang, Wood SAN 16669 (KEP, L,
SAN, SING; Ulu Mendalong, 6 mls.
S.S.E. of Malaman, Sipitang, Wood SAN
16733 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Ulu Lu-
kutan, 8 mls. E.N.E. of Sipitang, Wood
& Wyatt-Smith A 4578 (KEP, L, SAN,
SING); Karukan, Goklin 3022 (K, L,
PNH).

Castro & Melegrito 1451 (A, BO, UC).
Hort. Bog. Beccari 5618 (FI, K) origin

Palembang; Beccari Nos. 7788 (FI) and
7788a (FI); Herb. Reg. Monacense,
Blume s.n. (M); Hort. Bog. IVG 83
(L); IVG 93 (NY); Teijsmann 7685A
(FI) origin Kapuas, Borneo; Warburg
1739 (C, G Boiss., L, LE, M) origin
Sumatra.

Siam (rare), Sumatra including Banka,

Malay Peninsula, Java, Lesser Sunda
Islands to Bali only, east of Bali, i.e. in
Lombok it is replaced by var. cinerea,
Borneo. It should be noted that Wallace’s:
line passes between Bali and Lombok.

Knema _ glaucescens Jack, Sumatra, Jack,

date 1821 (L). M. geminata Migq., Batu
Radja, Kebur-lahat, Sumatra. Teijsmann
Nos. 3620 (BO, CAL, MEL, U); 3924
(BO, CAL, U) and s.n. (A, CAL, L,
LE, MEL, U holotype). M. glauca BL.,
Blume’s collections, s.n. from various.
localities in West Java, G. Salak (L,
NY) several sheets; sl. (BO, L, P)
several sheets. The following other loca-
lities are quoted by Blume but not writ-
ten on the sheets:—Tugu, G. Gede,.
Pangrango, Tjisambang, G. Parang and
Tjiradas. M. intermedia var. minor Miq.,
Djapara, Java, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, CAL,
U_ holotype). M. palembanica Mia.,
Derma-Enim, Sumatra, Teijsmann Nos.
3640 (BO, U); 3641 (BO) and 379]
(BO, U). M. sumatrana Bl., Padang,
Sumatra, Korthals s.n. (CAL, L holo-

type).

* See addenda. I have removed it to K. cinerea var. alpina.

192

Vol. XVII. (1961).

The reason for the name change of this well-known plant has
already been given under K. cinerea var. cinerea. In the citation
of literature, I have purposely avoided quoting Blume in brackets
in the new combination, because the priority in this case dates
from Miquel’s trinomial. The actual alternative name given by
Boerlage for K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var sumatrana is M. glauca BI.
var. sumatrana (Warb.) Boerl., but it should have been var. suma-
trana (Miq.) Boerl. It will be noticed that Boerlage gave alternative
names for most species of Knema described by Warburg, transfer-
ring them back to Myristica, but he did not specifically say he
did not uphold the genus Knema. It may be that he was determin-
ed to have some credit should botanists in future not agree to
‘accept Knema as distinct from Myristica.

Perhaps I may have lumped too many specimens under K.
cinerea var. sumatrana, including some from Borneo with narrower
leaves than in the typical var. sumatrana. Variety sumatrana is
the commonest one and has a wide distribution. I have included
K. geminata from Sumatra in it, but perhaps the latter might have
been separated from it as another variety or form. I have seen
some specimens of geminata with a few large leaves and a greater
number of small leaves on the same sheet, so in any case it is
extremely close to typical sumatrana with its larger leaves.

(4) Knema communis J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
297 f. 10 & pl. TXB.

Female flowers (mature) 5—6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, ae
tomentulose on a 7 mm. long pedicel; bracteole median or slightly
above the middle; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long with
a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again bi-lobed.

MALAY PENINSULA: Perak, Trengganu, Selangor, Singapore.
For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
299. New and first record for Kelantan:
—Kampong Gobek, Kerilla_ Estate,
Mohd. Shah & Kadim 526 (A, E, K, L,

PNH, SING).
BORNEO Sarawak: Mt Matang, Beccari Nos. 1815 (FI) and
1960 (FI, K).
SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO: Hayup, Hubert Winkler Nos. 2466 (BO,
G, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and 2467
(BM, BO, BR, G, K, L, P, SING).
DISTRIBUTION: Malaya, Sarawak, South and South-East
Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair S.F.N. 40522 (BKF, BM, BO, DD,

Delhi Univ., E, K, KEP, L, M, P, PNH,
SAN, SING holotype).

193

Gardens Bulletin, S-

This species when sterile resembles K. scortechinii but has small-
er leaves and more slender twigs. There are 7-9 anthers as against
10-14 in scortechinii. Beccari Nos. 1815 and 1960 are quoted by
Warburg as part of the syntypes of K. conferta var. borneensis.
See also under K. latericia. Lake & Kelsall, 6th Nov. 1892 from
Johore and the following from Singapore recorded in Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 296 as K. malayana should be altered to K. com-
munis. They have smaller leaves, but seem to fit in here best:—-
Ridley Nos. 1833 & 6447 and Sinclair S.F. Nos. 40717 & 40280.
Sinclair S.F.N. 40386 distributed as K. malayana should also be
changed to communis. They also resemble cinerea var. sumatrana
but are not exactly that as all three species are close and they may
represent a hybrid between communis and one of the other two,
probably cinerea var. sumatrana but we cannot be certain and it
is better as stated to place them with communis. .

(5) Knema conferta (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 578 t.
24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 243; Ridley,
Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958).
286 f. 6.

Basionym: Myristica conferta King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Caic<3 (8894)-39> pr. “Iau:

SUMATRA TAPANULI: Angkola & Sipirok Panobasan, Kd. Pu-
hatan Lajan, 5bb29518 (A, BO, L):
Labuan Baju, Sibolga, bb19392 (A, BO,
L); Sirameramian, Sibolga & Omme-
landen, bb26984 (BO, L).

East Coast: Langkat, Bubu, bb9369 (BO); Beneden,
Langkat, Alur Gusta, bb16406 (A, BO,
is

-INDRAGIRI: Danau Mengkuang, Riouw & Ond., Indrag.
‘ Bovenlanden, bb27497 (BO, L); Kuala
Belilas, bb2759] (BO, L, SING).
DJAMBI: Simpang, bb/3107 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Rawas, Dumas 1617 (BO, L); Bajung Lint-
jir, Banjuasin & Kubestreken, TIP724

(BO)

BANKA: K. Gadung, bb10570 (BO); Blinju, Gras-
hoff 101 (BO, L).

BILLITON: van Rossum 63 (BO, CAL, K, L).

RIOUW

~ ARCHI-

PELAGO: P. Karimon, Paralabu, 6b20376 (A, BO,
240) K, L, NY).

‘MALAY’ PENINSULA: © Perak, Malacca, Johore and Sinneaes For
list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 288.

194

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BORNEO West BorNEO: Kapuas, Sungei Ahas, bb1200 (BO); Palo,
Becking 50 (BO).

EasT AND
NorTH-EAST
BORNEO: West Kutei, No. 44 near L. Djanan, Endert
5063 (A, BO, K, L); West Kutei,
bb16738 (A, BO, L); West Kutei, Mt
Palimasan near Tabang, Belajan River,
Kostermans 12800 (K, L); Central Kutei,
Belajan River near a Bleh, Koster-
mans Nos. 10286 (K, L, SING) and
10359 (L, SING); Sungei Muan Region
near Balikpapan, Kostermans 4046 (BM,
BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING).
BRITISH
r NorTH
BORNEO: Sepilok, Papahat, Sungei Arang, Kadir
A934 (BO, CANB, K, KEP, SAN,
SING).
PULAU

NUNUKAN: bb Nos. 26188 (BO, L); 29300 (BO,
L, SING); 29340 (BO, K, L) and
29356 (A, BO, K, L, P, SING); north-
“ern part, Kostermans Nos. 8634 (BO,
K, L, P, SING); 8662 (BO, K, L, P,
SING); 8686 (BO, K, L, SING); 8772
(BM, BO, K, L); 8934 (BO, K, L); 9017
(BO, K, L); 9059 (BO, L) and 9130
(BO, K, L); Meijer 1874 (L); Paymans
Noss? (L):; 2. (BO, K, L, SING); 67
(BO, L); 74 (BO, L); 127 (L);Sutan
Pennek 101 (BO, L).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, Riouw Archipe-
| lago, Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica conferta King, King Nos. 6211

(CAL, FI, G, K, L) and 10295 (CAL,
K, SING); Wray 2377 (CAL, K, SING);
Griffith 4945 (A, CAL, KK): "Maingay
1297 (CAL, K); Ridley 442 (SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Salak (Billiton); lipai (Sumatra).

I have to exclude from this species var. tonkinensis Warb.
-Monog. Myrist. (1897) 581 as the two syntypes of it are K. laurina
(see under that species). I must also exclude var. borneensis Warb.
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 580. Not one of the syntypes quoted by
Warburg for this variety can be identified with conferta. See note
under K. latericia for their identifications. I have seen specimens
from Upper Burma, Indo-China and Siam often wrongly named
conferta. Some of these are /aurina and others erratica. The form-
er when sterile closely resembles conferta in its leaves and tomen-
tum, but can be distinguished from conferta by the sunk veins on
the upper surface of the leaf, best seen at the base of the leaf.
The apical portions of the twigs are striate in conferta but not or
seldom so in laurina. The second species erratica looks very similar
to conferta since it has the same kind of striations, but the leaves:

195

Gardens Bulletin, S.

are usually narrower. The tomentum in erratica tends to disappear,
however, except on the lower midrib, but some specimens have
the lower surface of the leaves covered with it. K. conferta so far
has not been found north of Perak.

(6) Knema curtisii (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 567 t.
25 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 240: Ridley,
Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

281 f. 4.

_ Basionym: Myristica curtisii King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Calc. 3. (1891) 326 pl. 167.

Synonym: M. sp. Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 113; Maingay

1301, foot note—Fig. 6.

var. curtisii—Fig. 6C.

SUMATRA East Coast:

PALEMBANG:

' PULAU
SIMALUR:

MALAY PENINSULA:

BORNEO SaRAWAK:

BRUNEI:

WEST BORNEO:

EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO:

Sibolangit, Beumée 863 (BO); Fairchild
1046 (UC) and Lérzing Nos. 4623 (BO,
L, SING, U) and /0124 (BO, SING).

Rawas, Forbes 3193 (A, BM, CAL, K, L).

Achmat Nos. 93 (BO, L, SING, U): 790
(BO, L, U); 927 (BO); 1152 (BO, L,
SING, U); 1492 (G Boiss., L, SING)
and 1803 (BO, K, L, P, SING, U, UC).

Kedah, Penang, Perak, Trengganu, Pahang,
Negri Sembilan, Malacca, Johore. For
list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 281.
New and first records for Selangor:—
Bukit Lagong F.R., Kepong, Kochum-
men K.F.N. 83403 (KEP); Wyatt-Smith
K.F.N. 52271 (KEP) and Wyatt-Smith
s.n. date 1948 (KEP).

Upper Rejang River, Clemens Nos. 21207
(K, NY, SAR) and 2/208 (A, BO, K,
M, NY, SAR); Bukit Pendam, Daud &
Tachun S.F.N. 35739 (A, B, E, K, L,
SAR, SING); 3rd Division, Kapit Dis-
trict, Belaga subdistrict, left bank of
Rejang River, 10 km. below Belaga near
airfield, M. Jacobs 5223 (CANB, L,
SAR).

Bukit Biang, P. S. Ashton BRUN 5587
(SING).

Amai Ambit, Hallier 3358 (BO, SING).

Miiller Range (Bukit Batu Milier), Amdjah
14] (BO) and Jaheri 354 (BO); Gunong
Labang, Amdjah 204 (BO, SING):
West Kutei, Endert 2586 (A, BO, K, L);
No. 29, L. Liah Leng, West Kutei, En-
dert Nos. 3018 (BO, L) and 3062 (BO).

196

.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. 6. Knema curtisii (King) Warb. with four of its varieties.

A, var. paludosa J. Sinclair, twig with leaves. E, the same with fruit.
B, var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, twig with leaves and male flowers.
C, var. curtisii, twig with leaves and fruit. D, var. arenosa J. Sinclair,
twig with male flowers. A from Corner S.F.N. 26155 (SING
isotype). B from Enggoh 10466 (L). C from Curtis 1024 (SING

syntype). D from Kostermans 10194 (SING). E from Corner
15:4:34 (SING).

197

Gardens Bulletin, S.

PULAU
TARAKAN: Amal-Path, Meijer 252] (BO, K, L) and
Meijer 2590a (BO, K, L).
DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Mpyristica curtisii King, Curtis 1024 (CAL,

K, SING) and 1320 (K, SING); Scor-

techini 292b (CAL, FI, G, K, L, SING);

Wray 2112 (CAL, K, SING) and Main-

way 1301 (CAL, K, L).
VERNACULAR NAMES: Bengkiring (Sumatra).

There are 20—25 anthers in K. curtisii and not 30-45 as
stated by previous investigators including myself. The number of
anthers in certain species of Horsfieldia and Myristica has often
been miscounted and here in this Knema the appearance of the
anthers is also deceptive, each pollen sac looking like two instead
of only one, due to their close proximity in unopened flowers.

var. amoena J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 7.

A typo foliis liguliformibus angustissimis, marginibus fere
parallelis, nervis et reticulationibus indistinctis; a var. arenosa
foliis magis coriaceis, apice obtusis, et a var. paludosa foliis
longioribus angustioribus differt.

Arbor 18 m. alta. Cortex pallido-griseus, levis; latex roseus
exilis. Folia coriacea, supra modice viridia nitida (in sicco nigro-
brunnea) subtus glauca, ligulata, apice obtusa, basi acuta, 5—8 cm.
longa, 1—1.8 cm. lata; petioli 7 mm. —1 cm. longi, graciles. Flores
masculi intus pallido-flavi. Fructus ignotus.

BORNEO BRuNEI: Andulau Forest Reserve (west), Sinclair
10442 (A, B, BM, BO, E, K holotype.

ze L, M, NY, SAR, SING).
DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Brunei).

The leaves of this variety resemble those of var. arenosa in
being long and narrow, but differ as they are more coriaceous,
obtuse at the apex and dry a dark brown above instead of green.
They are also longer and different in shape from those of var.
paludosa and with nearly parallel sides, but agree in having an
obtuse apex and the same colour on drying. The veins and
reticulations are indistinct or invisible. The flowers are fragrant
when crushed and of a cream colour inside when fully open.

var. arenosa J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 6D.

Synonym: Myristica lanceolata Msc. Herb. Korthals, nom.
nud. in sched. (non M. lanceolata Wall.)

A typo foliis multo minoribus, lanceolatis, nervis supra
invisibilibus subtus tenuissimis vel inconspicuis, reticulationibus
utrinque fere invisibilibus differt.

198

Vol. XVII. (1961).

m
Cyaan

Fig. 7. Knema curtisii (King) Warb. var. amoena J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C,
~ staminal column. All from Sinclair 10442 (SING).

199

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 6-15 m. high. Bark smooth, with very small dents here
and there, pale brown or straw-coloured; sap dark red, copious.
Leaves chartaceous or dark green above, glaucous beneath,
lanceolate with nearly parallel sides, apex acute or bluntly acute,
base acute; nerves not visible above, very fine and faint beneath;
reticulations almost invisible on both surfaces, seen only on the
lower surface with a lens; length 2.5—7 cm., average 5 cm.; breadth
8 mm. —2.3 cm., average 1-1.5 cm.; petioles very slender, 5-8 mm.
long. Male flowers rusty-tomentulose, fragrant when crushed,
3-4 mm. long, pedicels 8 mm. —1 cm. long with a minute median
bracteole.

SUMATRA MENTAwAI
ISLANDS: Pulau Siberut, Tibokbongi, bb17487 (BO).

BORNEO Sarawak: Semengoh F.R., Kuching, Sinclair 10183
(A, B, E, K, L, M, NY, SAR, SING).

SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO: Sakumbang, Korthals (99) (L) as M. lan-
ceolata Korthals nom. nud.
EAST AND
NorTH-EAST
BORNEO: Tidungsche Landen, bb18174 (A, BO, L,
SING); Mentawir, Balikpapan, Koster-
mans 9764 (BO, K, L, P, SING); Loa
Djanan, East Kutei, Kostermans 8653
(BM, BO, K, L, P, SING); and Koster-
mans 10194 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING);
Tepian Lobang, East Kutei, bb14646
(BO, L); Sangkulirang Island, Koster-
mans 4927 (BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH,
SING).
PULAU

NUNUKAN: Northern part, Kostermans 8653 (BM, BO,
K, L, P, SING) and Zainal Abidin 21
(BO, L) = bb34623.

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra (Pulau Siberut) and Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Kostermans 8653 (BM, BO, K_ holotype,
L, \P, SING).

A variety with uniformly small chartaceous leaves from sandy
ridges. The nerves and reticulations of the leaf are not or scarcely
visible.

Fig. 6B.

A typo foliis magis coriaceis, oblongis cum marginibus fere
parallelis, apicibus linguiformibus, reticulationibus utrinque dis-
tinctis differt.

Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark greyish-brown, thin, almost smooth;
sap copious, pink. Leaves medium green and glossy above, glaucous
beneath, mostly oblong, sometimes lanceolate, apex bluntly acute

var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, var. nov.

200

Vol. XVII, (1961).

or obtuse, base acute or rounded: reticulations distinct on both
surfaces; length 9-14 cm.; breadth 3-5 cm.; petioles 1 cm. long.
Male and female flowers rusty-tomentulose outside, pink inside.
Male flowers 5 mm. long and 6 mm. broad (not yet open) with 19-
25 anthers, average number 20; pedicels 8 mm. long. Female
flowers 5 mm. in diam., with a tomentose ovary and a 4-6-lobed
stigma; pedicels 8 mm. long, stouter than in the male. Fruit not
seen.

BORNEO Scan AND

SOUTH-EAST .
BORNEO: - Sampit Region near Kuala Kuajan, Koster-
- mans 7942 (K, L,. P, SING).
EAST; AND _
__ NorTH-EAst
_ BORNEO: Gunong Moeara-Tagel, Amdjah 144 (BO,
K, L, SING); West Kutei, No. 37 near
Mt. Kemvel, Endert 3559 (A, BO, K,
L).
BRITISH
NorTH :
BORNEO: Kabili F.R., Agama 3990 (K, L, SAN);
, ; Kabili-Sepilok F.R., Castro 7275 (BO,
K, L, PNH, SING); ditto cpt. 15, Eng-
goh 10466 (K, KEP, L); Sepilok F.R.,
cpt. 16, Sinclair 9294 (A, B, BM, E, K,
L, M, SAN, SING) and cpt. 14, Wood
SAN 16322 (K, KEP, L, SAN, SING);
Gurulau, Upper Kinabalu, Clemens
50432 (A, K, L, LE)..
DISTRIBUTION: Borneo except Sarawak, Brunei and West
Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair 9294 (A, B, BM, E, K holotype,

_L, M, SAN, SING).

When I first made acquaintance with this plant I intended to
give it the rank of a species and to place it next to Knema curtisit.
Later, after I had seen all the material of curtisti including its
other varieties, it seemed reasonable that the plant in question could
only rank as yet another variety of the somewhat polymorphic
curtisii. The leaves of var. linguiformis are more coriaceous and
different.in shape (never elliptic) from those of typical curtisii, the
sides being nearly parallel and the reticulations more distinct. The
leaf base is often rounded and the apex obtuse or less acute.

var. paludosa J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 6A & E.

A typo foliis minoribus, elliptico-lanceolatis vel obovatis,
apicibus obtusis, fructibus maioribus, stipitibus crassioribus differt.
Tree 12-18 m. high with a few stilt roots. Bark greyish-yellow,
smooth; sap pale red, scant. Leaves variable in size, but smaller
than in the typical form, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, base acute,

201

Gardens Bulletin, S.

apex obtuse, less often bluntly acute; nerves very faint or not
visible above, slender beneath; reticulations faint on both surfaces;
length 4-8 cm., average 4—5 cm.; breadth 1.5—4.5 cm., average 2.5
cm.; petioles 5 mm. —1 cm. long. Fruit apricot-yellow, ridged on the
line of suture, ellipsoid, 4-5 cm. long and 2.5—3 cm. broad; stalk 1
cm. long, thicker than that of the typical, 4 mm. thick. Aril deep
rose-carmine to rose-crimson.
SUMATRA TaPANULI: Pulau Poene, Sibolga, bb3770 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Bajunglintjir, Banjuasin & Kubestreken,
Dorst TIP751 (BO).

MALAY PENIN- Kampong Hubong, Endau, Kadim 287 (A,
SULA JouHorRE: B, BM, E, K, L, SING).
SINGAPORE: Jurong, Corner S.F.N. 26155 (BO, CAL,

K, SING) a swamp now drained and
trees cut down; Mandai Road, Corner,
15th April, 1934 (SING) and Kiah S.F.
Nos. 37123 (A, BO, KEP, SING) and
37148 (A, BM, BO, BRI, K, KEP,
SING); Bukit Mandai, Goodenough 3376
(CAL, K, SING).

BORNEO Sarawak: Lundu, Clemens 22291 (A, BO, K, NY,
SAR).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Singapore, Sarawak.

TYPE MATERIAL: ny 26155 (BO, CAL, K_ holotype.
SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Budjang lalu (Sumatra).

This is a fresh water swamp forest form distinguished from
the typical by the presence of ‘stilt roots, smaller, obtuse leaves
and a larger fruit with a thicker fruit-stalk, the latter 4 mm. thick
as against 1.5-2 mm. thick in typical curtisii. The Singapore
specimens were formerly all included by me in K. curtisii [Gard.
Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 283] where I pointed out that they were
slightly different from the typical. Unfortunately the swamp at
Jurong has now been drained and the trees there cut down. I have
looked for this variety at Mandai Forest myself, but so far have
failed to find it. If it still exists, the tree is certainly very rare in
Singapore now. One ought to search for it in the swamp forests of
South Johore at Kuala Sedili and along the Kota Tinggi-Mersing
Road for more records. I have just received a recent record of it
from felled, fresh water swamp forest at Endau, N.E. Johore.

(7) Knema elmeri Merr. in Univ. Calit. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 75.

—Fig. 8.

Tree 8-15 m. high with a rounded crown. Bark greyish-brown,
flaking; sap red, watery, copious. Twigs with greyish-brown bark
which tends to crack and peel off, angled and rusty-pubescent at
the apex, glabrous lower down. Leaves chartaceous or thinly

202

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

ROS, 4 I
a Fal

Fig. 8. Knema elmeri Merr.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B—C, male flowers enlarged. D,
ovary and stigmas. E, fruit, F, scales from lower leaf-surface. A
from Elmer 21042 (A). B-C from Sinclair 9311 (SING). D from

Sinclair 9299 (SING). E-F from Wood & Kilang SAN 16643
(SING).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

coriaceous, dark green above and glossy, densely tomentulose with
silvery or pale brownish, stellate scales beneath, oblong or oblong-
elliptic, apex acute, sometimes slightly blunt, base acute or less
often slightly rounded; midrib raised on both surfaces, except at
the base on the upper; nerves 15-20 pairs, slender and slightly
raised above, prominent beneath where they are brown when dry,
curving gradually, line of interarching rather faint; reticulations
close but faint, being obscured by the white indumentum on the
lower surface; length 12—22-(26) cm.; breadth 5—8.5 cm.; petiole
1—1.5 cm. long, puberulous. Male flowers pale brown-tomentulose
outside, scarlet inside, 8-9 mm. across when expanded, 5 mm. in
diam. in bud, lobes ovate, acute, thickened at the centre; pedicels
5—7 mm. long with a minute, median bracteole; staminal disc con-
vex like an opened umbrella, pink on a 0.5 mm. long stalk; anthers
yellow, 10-12 (average 10), horizontal, well-spaced and not touch-
ing each other, oblong, sessile. Female flowers of the same colour
as the male, 6 mm. in diam. in bud, sessile or on a 1 mm. long
pedicel; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long, stigma with
about 8 lobes (bifid and each lobe again divided into 4). Fruit |
oblong or obovoid-ellipsoid, rusty-tomentulose, 2.5 cm. long and
1.2 cm. broad; stalk very short, 2-5 mm. long. Testa pale brown.

BORNEO BruneI: Ulu Supon, Tutong, Ashton BRUN 865
(BRUN, SAR, SING).

BRITISH

NorTH

BORNEO: S.1., Agama 419 (A, BM, BO, K, P, US);
Tawau, Elmer Nos. 21042 (A, BM, BO,
BRC, G, K, LE, M, NY; BS
U, UC) and 21527 (A, BM, BO, BR, C,
G, K, L, M, NY, P, PNH, Sixt.
UC); Sub-cpt. 16, Cpt. 2, Bombay T.C.
Concession, Kalabakan, 30 mls. W.N.W.
of Tawau, Wood A4139 (KEP, L, SAN,
SING); Cpt. 14, Sepilok F.R., Sinclair
9311 (K, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 15, Se-
pilok F.R., Sinclair 9299 (E, K, L, SAN,
SING); Bettotan, Sandakan, Puasa 4587
(BO, K, L, PNH, SING); N. slopes of
Bukit Batangan, 5 mls. S. of Malaman,
Sipitangz, Wood & Kilang SAN 16643
(KEP, L, SAN, SING).

PULAU
NUNUKAN: Meijer 2327 (BO, L); Mara, Bulungan,
bb10756 (BO).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Brunei, British North Borneo and
P. Nunukan).

TYPE MATERIAL: Elmer 21527 (A, BM, BO, BR, C, G, K,
L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING, U, UC holo-
type).

204

Vol. XVII. (1961).

A small tree of lowland forest, striking and beautiful from
the white, silvery appearance of the undersurface of the leaves. It
must be placed along with K. hookeriana, furfuracea and latericia
on account of the bark of the trunk and twigs tending to crack
and scale off, the sessile anthers, the numerous stigma lobes and
the median bracteole of the pedicel. It is nearest to K. latericia, the
leaves being of about the same size, but it differs in the convex
staminal disc, the shorter tomentum of the fruit and above all in
the silvery lower surface of the leaves.

(8) Knema erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Myristica erratica Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 156:
A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Calc. 3 (1891) 323 pl. 162.

Synonyms: M. longifolia Wall. ex Bl. var. erratica (Hk. f. et
Th.) Hk. f. et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110. Knema siamensis
Warb. in Fedde, Repert. 16 (1919) 254—-syn. nov. M. angusti-
folia Roxb., sensu Kanjilal, Fl. Assam 4 (1940) 45. K. yunnanensis
H. H. Hu in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 63, 8 (1938) 387 in obs. sine
descr. nom. nud.; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 328.
M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th., sensu Kanjilal, Fl. Assam
4 (1940) 45 quoad sp. Sibsagar.—Fig. 9.

Tree 20 m. high. Bark greyish-brown with large thin flakes;
sap copious, blood-red. Twigs with conspicuous striations and
furrows right up to the pale, yellowish-brown, tomentose apex.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
often with nearly parallel sides, apex acute or acuminate, base
acute or rounded, glabrous and shining above, thinly covered with
light brown stellate hairs beneath when young, later becoming
glabrous except for the midrib or persisting; main nerves 20-30
pairs, fine and raised above, prominent beneath, reticulations
forming a dense close network above (as in K. conferta), also
visible beneath but somewhat obscured by tomentum:; length 16—30
cm.; breadth 3—7 cm.; petiole 1-1.5 cm. long. Male flowers light
brown-tomentose, obtusely triquetrous or sub-globose, split down
_ to 2 way into the perianth lobes, 5 mm. in diam.; pedicels 7 mm.
long with the bracteole median or above the middle: staminal disc
flat with a short stipe: anthers 10-13, mostly 13 sessile (King says
stalked). Female flowers with a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again
bi-lobed. Fruit solitary or in pairs, ellipsoid, 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm.
broad, densely covered with stellate tomentum when young, the
tomentum shedding later; stalk slender, striate, 5 mm. —1 cm. long.
Aril scarlet, very thick.

205

Gardens Bulletin, §.

Amm t. ?
Fig. 9. Knema erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,
staminal column. E, fruit. All from Hk. f. et Th. s.n., Khasia (A
type material).

206

Vol. XVII. (1961):

~CHINA YUNNAN:

INDIA EAstT
HIMALAYA:

ASSAM:

EAST PAKISTAN:
BURMA:

SIAM SouTH-EASTERN
DIVISION: _

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAMES:

Szemao (Menjhel), Henry Nos. 11780 (E,.
K); 11780a (E, K) and 11780b (E, K);.
between Chieng Law and Muang Hun,
Rock 2384 (US).

Sikkim, King 2439 (CAL, K); Hk. f. et
Th. s.n.. (L).

S.1., Simmons s.n. (L); Khasi (Khasia),
Hk. f. et Th. s.n., 14th and 19th Oct.,
1850 (A, BM, BR, C, CAL, CGE, E,
FI, G Prodr.,; K; L, LE, M, P, U; W);
Hk. f. et Th. 1040 (P); Umiau, Khasi,
Bor 18387 (DD); 374 miles past G.S.
Road, Khasi, Kanjilal 4050 (CAL);
Khasi, Mann s.n. (CAL); Khasi & Jaintia
Hills, Bor 17838 (DD) and Kanjilal 6275
(DD); Mikir Hills, Simmons 704 (DD);
Naga Hills, Daleswari forest, Cachar,
Mann 345 (CAL); Jirebhat, Manipur,
Clarke 42361 (FI); Nongjaibang, Mani-
pur, Clarke 42348 (BM, CAL, LE);
near Fort Lungleh, S. Lushai Hills, Gage
114 (CAL, DD, PDA).

East Bengal, Griffith 4347 (CAL, K, P).

Nam Tamai Valley, Upper Burma, King-
don Ward 5534 (E); south-eastern Shan
States, ridge between Muang Len and
Meh Khong river basin, Keng Tung Ter-
ritory; Rock 2030 (A, UC, US).

Ban Dom railhead, Sriracha Forest, Collins

‘ 857 (BK); Nong Kaw, Sriracha Forest,
Collins 1939 (BK, BM); Cholburi, F.D.
15188 (BK, F); Kao Saming, Krat
(Trad) Kerr 9383 (BK, BM); Dan
Chumpon, Krat (Trad), Kerr 17607
(BK, BM); Kaw Chang, river bank at
Klong Son, Chantaburi (Chantabun),
Schmidt 690 (C).

China (Yunnan), India (East Himalaya,
Assam, East Bengal) Burma, Siam.

M. erratica Hk. f. et Th., Khasia, Hk. f. et
if. Un, Ones, C; CAL, CGE, FE. Fi
G Prodr., K holotype, L, LE, P, U, W).
K. siamensis Warb., Kaw Chang, Sch-
midt 690 (C) two sheets named K. sia-
mensis in Warburg’s hand-writing. In
his publication he states collector as
Schmidt but does not quote a number.

Tezranga; mamui; mota-pasuti (Assam);
bol-lanchi (Garo); bonsigejao (Kach.);
dieng-soh lang-snan (Khasi); chekpulu-
arong (Mik); indung (Tipp).

207

Gardens Bulletin, S.

I agree with Hooker f. and Thomson, A.DC. and King that this
is a distinct species. Hooker f. and Thomson, however, in Flora
British India reduced it to a variety of M. longifolia. Warburg did
not consider it distinct, but made it a synonym of K. angustifolia
(now K. cinerea var. andamanica) from which it differs in a
number of characters (see below). It is one of two species reaching
as far north as China (Yunnan) and at altitudes 2,000—5,000
ft., the other being K. globularia. It differs from var. andamanica
in having stellate tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves.
This tomentum is generally caducous except on the lower midrib
and nerves, but it may also persist. The leaves have more veins
and the reticulations are more distinct. The apices of the twigs are
much more striate and the colour of the tomentum on the twigs
and flowers much lighter than in var. andamanica. Further, the
anthers are sessile and the stipe of the staminal disc is shorter. It
also resembles K. linifolia and they both grow together in Assam
and Burma, but differs from that species in several important
characters. The flowers in linifolia are larger with more anthers,
14-18 as against 10-13 and the pedicels are longer. The shape of
the flower is pyriform or obovate, not triquetrous or sub-globose.
The bark of the trunk does not flake as in erratica and the leaves
are broader, thicker in texture and generally cordate at the base.
However, forms with leaves acute or rounded at the base do occur
and sapling or young leaves may also be acute at the base. Some of
these specimens look more like erratica and may present difficulties.
Sterile specimens of erratica also look like K. conferta and /aurina.
The presence of striations on the twigs and the raised veins of the
upper surface of the leaf will generally distinguish them from
laurina. K. conferta has more anthers and does not occur north of
Perak in Malaya (see notes under that species). I am unable to
separate K. siamensis from erratica. K. siamensis occurs in a small
pocket of the South Eastern Division of Siam. The distribution
seems unusual, but Tem Smitinand points out in a paper “The
Genus Dipterocarpus, Gaertn. in Thailand”, Thai For. Bull.
(Botany) 4 (1958) 5 that certain Burmese species such as Hedera
himalaica and Nyctocalos shanica are also present here.

In the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 63, 8 (1938)
387, H. H. Hu mentions two new species of Knema from Yunnan.
There is no description here although the two species K. wangii
H. H. Hu and K. yunnanensis H. H. Hu were subsequently listed
in the Kew Index. There are no later descriptions of them and
consequently they are not validly published. I was able to find
specimens of K. wangii in Kew and Paris, Wang 80634 and see
that this plant is identical with K. globularia (Lamk) Warb. As
there is only one other species of Knema recorded from China,

208

Vol. XVUI. (1961).’

namely K. erratica, 1 suspected that K. yunnanensis might be

similar. Since I could not trace any specimens, I wrote to H. H. Hu

at the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Pekin who informs.
me that K. yunnanensis is indeed identical with K. erratica, but

that it was not validly published. It is represented by Wang 73168

- from Tsang-Yuan Hsian and Wang 78230 from Cheli both in

South Yunnan.

(9) Knema furfuracea (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897)
581 t. 24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 245;
Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70; Corner, Wayside Trees of
Malaya 1 (1940 & 1952 editions) 476; Sinclair in Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 275 f. 2 & Pl. IB.

Basionym: Myyristica furfuracea Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855)
159 [non A.DC., Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 206 = K. plumulosa]; Miq.
Fl. Ind: Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70: Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 112;
King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 318 pl. 155.

Synonyms: Myristica longifolia Wall. ex Bl. sensu Hk. f. et Th.
Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 156 quoad sp. Penins. Malayanae tantum. M.
furfuracea Hk. f. et Th. var. major King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Calc. 3 (1891) 319 pl. 155 f. 6. K. pierrei Warb. Monog. Myrist.
(1897) 585: Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et in Flore
Gén. de L’Indo-Chine 5, 2 (1914) 105—syn. mov. M. dongnai-
ensis Pierre Msc. nom. nudum.

INDO-
CHINA CENTRAL
VIETNAM
(ANNAM): Now de Niulhoa, Prov. Nhatrang, Poilane
6335 (P, SING); Massif de la Mére et
Y’Enfant, Prov. Nhatrang, Poilane 6663
(P, SING).
SOUTH
VIETNAM
(COCHIN-
CHINA): Trangboum, Chevalier Nos. 36744 (P) and

36762 (P); Mt Lu, Bienhoa, Pierre 1627
(BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E. G and Boiss.,
RP SING

SIAM NorTHERN

DIvISsION: Chiengmai, Doi Chiangdao, Kerr 5621
(BK, BM) and Smitinand 2720 (SING);
Wieng Papao, Kerr 25/8 (BM); Muang
Fang, Kostermans 28 (BO, L).
PENINSULAR
DIVISION: S.1., Winit F.D. 15195 (SING).
SUMATRA s.L.: Batten-Pool, date 1939 (SING).
East Coast: Langkat, Si Sedapan, bb9366 (BO).
PALEMBANG: Batu Pantjeh, R. Moesi, Forbes 2694 (BM,

K, L, LE); Ogan Ulu, Teijsmann 3745
(BO, CAL, U).

209

Gardens Bulletin, S.

LAMPONG: Gunong Rati, Beremong, Iboet 159 (BO,
E).
RIouw ARCHI-
PELAGO: Tanjong Pinang, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, L).

MALAY PENINSULA: _ All provinces except Perlis, and Prov. Wel-
lesley. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16
(1958) 277. New and first record for
Kelantan:—Kampong Gobek, Keriila
Estate Mohd Shah & Kadim 536 (K,
L, SING). Other records Perak, Pulau
Jarak, Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 71085
(KEP); Pulau Rumbia, Wyatt-Smith 51

(KEP).
BORNEO Sarawak: ~“Kelok Asam, Bako National Park, Purse-
glove 5047 (A, K, L, NY, SAR, SING).
BRUNEI: Bukit Teraja, Anderson SAR 2047 (BRUN,

SAR); 14 mile, Bangar-Batu§ Apoi
Road, Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN
17111 (BRUN, K, L, SING); north
slopes of Bukit Patoi, Ashton, Smythies
& Wood SAN 17402 (K, L, SING); Cpt.
5, Andulau F.R., Kuala Belait, Ashton,
Smythies & Wood SAN 17504 (K, L.,

SING).
BRITISH
NORTH
BORNEO: Cpt. 13, Sepilok F.R., Wood SAN 15430

(BO, L, SAN, SING); Leila F.R., Elo-
pura, Majuyap 55250 (SAN); Bettotan,
Sandakan, Kloss S.F.N. 19066 (BO, K.,
NY, SING, UC).

LABUAN: Low, date 1867, FI acc Nos. 7787; 7787A;
7787B and 7787C all (FI).
ANAMBA
ISLANDS: Near Terempak, Siantan, Henderson S.F.N.
20250 (BO, K, SING); Gunong Adang,
Jemaja, Henderson 20372 (BM, BO,
SING, UC).

P. NUNUKAN: Kostermans 10713 (BO, L).

P. TARAKAN: Amal-path, W. Meijer 2533 (BO, K, L,
SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Indo-China, Siam, Sumatra, Malay Penin-
sula, Riouw Archipelago and Borneo
except South and South-East Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: M. furfuracea Hk. f. et Th., Herb. Hook.,
no data, collector Porter or Wallich (A,
K holotype). M. furfuracea var. major
King, King Nos. 5600; 5720; 6059; 7551
and 10349 and Curtis Nos. 14509 and
2456, for distribution see Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 277. K. pierrei Warb. =
(M. dongnaiensis Pierre Msc.) Pierre
1627 (BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E, G and
Boiss., K, P, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Muang luat (Siam).

210

Vol. XVIII. (1961):

I cannot separate K. pierrei Warb. from furfuracea so have
reduced it. Warburg says it is very near to furfuracea. K. furfuracea
is somewhat variable in the size of its leaves but that can be ex-
pected as it has a wide distribution.

(10) Knema galeata J. Sinclair sp. nov.—Fig. 10.

Aspectu ramulorum et foliorum, antheris sessilibus bracteolo
mediano, haec species K. furfuraceae proxima, sed foliis basi non
cordatis, ramulis prope apicem levibus atro-rubro-brunneis non
decorticantibus, floribus masculis mitriformibus, extus pallidioribus,
pedicellis longioribus differt. K. mandaharan foliis huic simillima,
sed inter alia ramulis non fissis, pedicellis masculis multo
brevioribus, bracteolis basalibus floribus obovoideis sat dissimil-
lima.

Arbor 12—20 m. alta. Cortex extus griseo-brunneus, scabriuscu-
lus, abscidens, intus rubro-brunneus; latex ruber. Ramuli apice fer-
_ Tugineo-furfuracei 4-7 mm. crassi, 3—4 cm. infra apicem leves atro-
rubro-brunnei, in partibus vetustioribus decorticantes, griseo-brun-
nei. Folia rigido-coriacea, angusto-oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata,
marginibus parallelis, supra atro-viridia nitida, subtus leviter
glauca, juniora excepta glabra, apice acuta, basi rotundata non
cordata, 20-44 cm. longa, 5—8 cm. lata; costa utrinque elevata;
nervi 20—32-jugati paralleli utrinque prominentes; reticulationes
supra tenuissimae, subtus satis distinctae; petioli 1.8-2.5 cm. longi,
6 mm. crassi. Flores masculi ex tuberculis crassis lignosis 1—1.3
cm. longis orti; perianthium rigidum mitriforme cum angulis acutis,
ex annulo crasso basali in tres lobos divisum, extus ferrugineo-
tomentosum, intus roseum, 7 mm. longum, 1 cm. latum; pedicelli
2—2.3 cm. longi, medio bracteolati; discus staminalis rotundus,
leviter convexus, stipitatus, 18—20 antheris sessilibus coronatus.
Fructus ellipsoideus, 2—2.5 cm. longus, 1.5 cm. latus, furfuraceo-
tomentosus, pilis dendroideis deciduis tectus, apice cum + 10
lobis stigmatibus saepe persistentibus; stipes 7 mm. —1 cm. longus.

Tree 12—20 m. high. Bark greyish-brown, slightly rough and flak-
ing; inner bark reddish-brown; sap red. Twigs stout, 4-7 mm. thick
at the rusty-furfuraceous apex, smooth and dark reddish-brown,
3—4 cm. below the apex, greyish-brown and tending to crack in
the older parts. Leaves stoutly coriaceous, narrow-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate with parallel sides, dark green and glossy above,
with whitish green midrib, glaucous beneath, with yellowish green
midrib and veins, glabrous except when very young, apex acute,
base rounded but not cordate; midrib raised on both surfaces:
nerves 20-32 pairs, parallel and raised on both surfaces: reticula-
tions fine above, more distinct beneath; length 20-44 cm., breadth

211

Gardens Bulletin, S.

lair.

A, twig with leaves. B, male flowers, mature. C, male flower. D,
staminal column. E, male flowers, immature. F, fruit. G, seed. H,
apex of fruit enlarged, showing hairs and stigmatic lobes. I, female
flowers. J, female flower enlarged. K, ovary and stigma. A—D from
Hassan SAR 4855 (SAR holotype). E from Kostermans 7062 (BO).
F—-H from Ladi s.n., Sungei Liang (SING). IJ from Ladi,
27 :2:1961, Ulu Lumut (SING).

212

Pe eT a1

‘Vol. XVIII. (1961).

5—8 cm.; petiole 1.8—2.5 cm. long and 6 mm. thick. Male flowers

‘on stout, woody, 1—1.3 cm. long protuberances; perianth rigid,
‘“mitriform in bud with acute angles, divided into 3 lobes to the
base where there is a thickened annulus inside, rusty-tomentose
outside, pink inside, 7 mm. long and 1 cm. broad; pedicels 2—2:3
cm. long, with a median bracteole; staminal disc circular, slightly
‘convex, stalked, resting on the annulus; anthers sessile, 18— 20.
‘Female flowers 8 mm.—1 cm. in diam., their stalks shorter than in
the male, 7 mm. —1 cm. long; ovary densely tomentose, 5 mm. in
diam. with a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again divided into 4-5
laciniations. Fruit ellipsoid, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, fur-
furaceous-tomentose with dendroid hairs, becoming glabrous when
very old, the stigma lobes, about 10 in number, often persisting at
the apex; stalk 7 mm. —1 cm. long.

BORNEO Sarawak: Semengoh F.R., Kuching, Yakup SAR 8914
(BO, K, L, SING) and Sinclair Nos.
10189 (A, B, E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING)
and 10301 (A, E, K, L, SING).

BRUNEI: Berakas F.R., Anderson (Md. Hasan) SAR
9855 (BRUN, KEP, SAR, SING); Ash-
ton BRUN\ 945 (BRUN, SAR, SING);
Sinclair Nos. 10546 (FE, K, L, SAR,
SING) and 10547 (A, E, K, L, SAR,
SING); Bukit Puan, Ashton & Whitmore
BRUN. 636 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING);
Sungei Liang, Kampong Gana, Belait,
Ladi anak Bikas s.n. (E, K, L, SING)

‘ fruit; Ulu Lumut, Ladi, 27th Feb., 1961
(A, BM, E, K, L, SING) female flowers;
Tutong, Briinig SAR 1177 (SAR, SING).

EAST AND
NorTH-EAST
BORNEO: West Kutei, No. 19 L Puhus, Endert 4824
| (BO, K, L); East Kutei, S. Bai, bb13019
(BO, SING); Tanjong Bangko Region,
north of Mahakan River, Kostermans
7062 (BO; L, PNH, . SENG) Se.
Wain, Balikpapan, Kostermans 4094
(BO, K, L, SING).
BRITISH
NortTH
BORNEO: Cpt. 14 Kabili F.R., Onggib 49055 (10281)
(K, KEP).
DISTRIBUTION: Borneo in sandy forests.
TYPE MATERIAL: Anderson (Md. Hasan) SAR 4855 (BRUN,

KEP, SAR holotype, SING).

This species is nearest to K. furfuracea but can be distinguished
from it when sterile by the leaves not being cordate at the base.
The bark on the twigs of both tends to crack but this process

-213

Gardens Bulletin, S.

starts much nearer the apex in furfuracea. Below the extreme rusty-
furfuraceous apex in K. galeata is a smooth dark reddish-brown
portion, but in furfuracea this portion has some tomentum and
already shows fissures. Only the older thicker portions in galeata
show the fissures. K. galeata is further distinguished by its much
longer male pedicels, 1.8—2.5 cm. as against 7 mm. —1 cm. long in
the other species. Along with K. hookeriana and K. retusa it has the
longest male pedicels in the genus. The large male flowers are
mitriform in mature bud and this character alone will distinguish
it from all other Knema species. When very young the mitriform
character is less or not apparent. The tomentum on the perianth is
of a darker colour, and the anthers too, are more numerous than
in furfuracea, 18-20 as against 10-13.

The leaves look almost exactly the same as those of K. manda-
haran and often they cannot be distinguished from it. The leaves
of mandaharan however, tend to have fewer veins and occasionally
are slightly cordate at the base but never so deeply cordate as in
K. furfuracea. The reticulations of the upper leaf surface in man-
daharan tend to be more distinct in specimens from higher altitudes.
The bark of the twigs does not show any tendency to crack so
sterile material of mandaharan can be distinguished from galeata
which has fissured bark on the twigs. The flower of mandaharan
with the very short pedicel is quite different.

(11) Knema giobularia (Lamk) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 601;
Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 325 f. 18.

Basionym: Myristica globularia Lamk. Mém. Ac. Paris (1788)
162 (non. Bl. in Rumphia).

Synonyms: K. corticosa Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 742 [incld.
var. tonkinensis Warb.] Warb. Mong. Myrist. (1897) 593 t. 25 f.
1-4; Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101; Lecomte, Fl. Gén.
de L’Indo-Chine 5 (1941) 105 f. 10 (14); Merr. in Trans. Amer.
Phil. Soc. 24, 2 (1935) 163. K. bicolor Raf. Sylva Tellur (1838)
137—syn. nov. K. missionis (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist
(1897) 602 t. 24 f. 1-3; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5,
23 (1912) 247; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 71; Corner,
Wayside Trees of Malaya 1 (1940 & 1952 editions) 477
text f. 159 & 161. K. wangii H. H. Hu in J. Roy. Hort.
Soc. 63, 8 (1938) 387 in obs. sine descr. nom. nudum.
K. sphaerula (Hk. f.) Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. (1939) 545.
K. petelotii Merr. in J. Arn. Arb. 23 (1942) 164. Myristica
lanceolata Wall. Cat. 6794 nom. nud. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk.
f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 158 pro parte quoad spec. tennas-
serim., cochinch. et malayana tantum; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856)

214

Vol. XVII. (1961).

205 pro parte quoad spec. cochinch. et malayana tantum; Kurz,
For. Fl. Br. Burma 2 (1877) 284 quoad sp. tenasserim. tantum.
M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 157 quoad
spec. malayana (Griffith et Cuming 2315) tantum (non M. glau-
cescens Wall., Wall. Cat. 6790=Tetranthera venulosa); Hk. f. et
Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 111 pro parte quoad Griffith 4344,
Cuming 2315, Maingay 1282 et Wallich 6788 & 6794 tantum.
M. chereevensis Pierre nom. nud. in sched. M. sphaerula Hk. f.
et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1890) 859. M. missionis King in Ann.
Roy. Bot. Gard. Cal. 3 (1891) 321 pl. 158.

SINE LOC.:
CHINA YUNNAN:

BURMA Lower BuRMa:

INDO-
CHINA s.L.:
NORTH
VIETNAM
(TONKIN):

Sonnerat (C, G, P) not Java.
Meng-la, Jenn-yeh Hsien, C. W. Wang

80634 (K, P).

Mt Popa, Rangoon, Dickason 6813 (A);

‘Tenasserim, Beddome 101 (K) and 6728
(BM); Moulmein, Falconer s.n. (E, M,.
P, PDA); Mergui, Griffith (Herb. Le-
mann) 692 (CAL, CGE, K) and s.n.
(DD, K) and s. coll. 422 (DD); Victoria
Point, P. Khant 11381 (DD) and Parkin-
son 2065 (DD, K); Mayinnge River,
Parkinson 1995 (DD, K).

Pourret (Herb. Barbier] : Py.

s.l., Bon s.n. (CAL, P); Kau Nga Shan,

Tien Yen, W. T. Tsang Nos. 27429 (A)
and 27516 (A); Pho Lu, Prov. Laokay,
Poilane 25188 (P); West Tonkin, Bon
Nos. 307 (P); and 1540 (P); Dong
Trung, West Tonkin, Bon 5102 (P);
West Tonkin, Bon 6106 (P); Prov. Phu
Tho, the following three:—Phu Ho,
Pételot 1546 (A, P, UC); Chan Mong,
Fleury 30114 (P); Trung Giap F.R.,
Fleury 38000 (P, SING); Prov. Sontay,
Tu Phap, Balansa Nos. 1012 (BR, G
and Boiss., K, P); 4196 (K, P); 4198
(BR. G and Boiss., K, L, LE, P) and
4199 (G) and Pételot 2625 (A, TI); Da
Chong, Prov. Sontay, Pételot 5825 (A,
BO, P); Mt Bavi, Prov. Sontay, Pételot
6608 (A, TI); Minh Thai, Bon Nos.
3162 (P); 3363 (K, P); 4142 GO, P);
9210 (P) and 4332 (LE, P); Pont des
Linhs, Prov. Vinh Yen, road to Tam
Dao, Pételot 5683 (A, P, US); Prov.
Vinh Yen, Pont des Linhs, Pételot 5375
(P, US); Linh Bam, Pételot 5720 (A,
P, US); South Tonkin, Yen Minh, Bon
1435 (P); South Tonkin, Bon 1643 (P).

215

Gardens Bulletin, S.

CENTRAL

VIETNAM

(ANNAM): Prov. Nghe An, Co Ba Forest Reserve,
Fleury 30145 (P, SING); Hoi Xuan,
Prov. Thanh Hoa, Chevalier 37054 (P)
and Poilane 1741 (P, SING); Col No.
7, Prov. Vinh, Poilane 20004 (P, SING);
Bum Mo, Hayata 376 (P); Massif de
Dong Ché, Prov. Quang Tri, Poilane
10486 (P); Mt Bana, Clemens Nos. 3864
(A. BM, G, K, P, U,’ Ges" US)" aa
Bana, Poilane 1581 (P); near Tourane,
Bana, Poilane 29203 (P, SING); Massif
de la Mére et l’Enfant, Prov. Nhatrang,
Poilane Nos. 5128 (P, SING) and 6600
(P); Hue, Clemens 4377 (A, BM, G, K,
P, U, UC, US); Nui Bach Ma Station,
near Hue, Poilane 29919 (P); Tourane,
Chevalier Nos. 38438 (P) and 38566
(P); Thua Luu, Tourane, Chevalier
38283 (P); near Tourane, Col des Nua-
ges, Poilane Nos. 7990 (P); 8073 (P)
and 8079 (P).

SOUTH

VIETNAM

(COCHIN-

CHINA): s.l., Harmand Nos. 771 (BR) and 937
(BM); Can Danh, -Tay Ninh, Méiiller
Nos. 898 (P) and 1002 (P, SING); Chon
Thanh F.R., Prov. Thu Dau Mot, Fleury
Nos. 30009 (P) and 39348 (P); Prov.
Thu Dau Mot, Thorel 1154 (BM,
CAL, K, P); the following five Prov.
Bien Hoa: Buddhist temple, near Tan
Huyen, Pierre 260 (BM, BO, BR, CAL,
E, G and Boiss., K, LE, P. SING);
Phung v. Dien 135 (P, SING); Chaudoc,
Pierre 5431 (BR, CAL, E, G and Boiss.,
P); Loureiro s.n. (BM); Arboretum of
Trang Bom, Dubourdieu (Chevalier)
39179 (P); Me Khong Delta, Harmand
602 (P) and s.n. (CAL, K, P); Pulau
Condor (Herb. Pierre) de Perry 260
(P);Harmand s.n. (BM, E,. G, LE, P);
Nelson s.n. (BM).

Laos: Forest in neighbourhood of Savannakhet,
J. Vidal 1756 (P); neighbourhood of
Vientiane, J. Vidal 2250 (P).

CAMBODIA: s.l. Hahn s.n. (P); Béjaud 665 (A, BO, P);
road from Stung Treng to Kompong
Speu, Poilane 16297 (P); Bam Pe village,
Chey Thvea, Kg Soai (= Kg Svai)
Béjaud 344 (P); Kralanh, Kompong
Chnang, Chevalier 36875 (P); between
Pum Lovea and Pum Rong, Prov. Kg.
Speu, Poilane 17567 (P, SING); Tram
Kok, Miiller 367 (P); Chereev, Prov.

216

Vol. XVIII, (1961).

SIAM s.L.:

NORTHERN
DIVISION:

EASTERN
DIvISsION:

SOUTH-EASTERN
DIVISION:

CENTRAL
DIVISION:

SOUTH-WESTERN

DIVISION:

PENINSULAR
DIVISION:

Somrong Tong, Pierre 5431 (BR, E, G
and Boiss., P) several localities under
this number and Pierre 260; Cam Chay,
near Kampot, Poilane 22854 (P, SING).

Schmidt 516 (C); Winit 216 (BKF).

Ban Pasang between Ban Mehki and Ban
Hueybong, route from Chiengrai to
Chiensaen, Chiengmai, Rock 1892 (A,
E, UC, US); Nakawn Tai, Pitsanulok,.
Kerr 5842 (BK, BM).

Sangka, Surin, Kerr 8311 (BK, BM); Surin,.
Put Nos. 638 (BK, BM) and 669 (BK,
BM); Chok Chai (= Katok) Korat,.
Nakawn Rachasima, Kerr Nos. 8168
(BK, BM) and 8193 (BK, BM).

Ban Pe, Rayawng, Put 2751 (BK, BM);
Makham, Chantabun (= Chantaburi)
F.D.C. 176 (SING); Makham, Chanta-
buri, Chit 396 (BKF); Kao Sabap,
Chantaburi, Chit 354 (BKF); Makham,
Kerr 9553 (BK); Chantaburi, Lakshna-
kara 440 (BK, BM); Kao Phra Baht,
Chantaburi, Lakshnakara 509 (BK, BM);
jungle near Lem Dan, Trad (= Krad
or Krat, Schmidt 831 (C); Kao Saming,.
Trad, Kerr 9430 (BK, BM); Dan Chum-
pon, Trad, Kerr 17671 (BK, BM);
Klawng Mayom, Kaw Chang, Kerr 6863
‘(BK, BM); jungle at Klawng Salakpet,
Kaw Chang, Schmidt 880 (C); islet near
Kaw Krahdaht, Schmidt 581 (C); Sri-
racha Forest, Cholburi, Collins Nos. 583
(US) and 817 (US); Sriracha Forest,
Chak Yai, Collins 1775 (BK, BM, US);
Sriracha Forest, Nong Khum, Cholburi,.
Collins 1941 (BK, BM, US).

Saraburi, Chamruangsri F.D. 12120 (BKF);
Phukae, Saraburi, Smitinand 1545
(SING).

Chumpawn, Kerr 11650 (BK, BM).

Ranawng, Kerr 16599 (BK, BM); Kapor,.
Ranawng, Kerr 16686 (BK, BM); Rana-
wng, Haniff 376 (BM, K, SING); Kaw
Tao, ‘Surat, Kerr Nos. 1J1169 (BK,
BM, E, K, L, P); 12699 (BK, BM, K, P);
12786 (BM, E, K, L, P) and 16016
(BK, BM); Kaw Prap, Surat, Franck
473 (C) and Kerr 12524 (BK, BM);
Kaw Pa-ngan, Surat, Put Nos. 834
(BK, BM) and. /262 (BK, BM); Aow

217

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Luk, Krabi, Kerr 18556 (BK, BM);
Kaw Pipi, Krabi, Kerr 18906 (BK, BM);
Chawng, Trang, Din 316 (BKF); Tola,
Satul, Kerr 13852 (BK, BM); Pulau
Adang, Satul, Kerr 14080 (BK, BM);
Nakawn Sritamarat, Vanpruk 775 (K);
Kiriwongse, N. Sritamarat, Chit 83]
(SING); Tepa, Songkla, Kerr 14735
(BK, BM); Lem Son, Songkla, Kerr
15127 (BK, BM).

Also see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 327
for list of further localities in Peninsular
(Lower Siam).

MALAY PENINSULA: Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Penang, Treng-
ganu, Pahang, Malacca, Johore, Singa-
pore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16

(1958) 327.
SUMATRA ATJEH: Pulau Beras, Koorders 10532 (BO, SING).
R1ouw ARCHI-
PELAGO: Pulau Karas, Gunong Karas, Teijsmann
s.n. (BO).
DISTRIBUTION: China (Yunnan), Lower Burma, Indo-

China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra.
This species has not been recorded pre-
viously from Sumatra.

TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica globularia Lamk, Sonnerat s.n.
et sl. (C, G, P holotype). K. bicolor
Raf. based on K. corticosa Lour., ac-
cording to Merrill in Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc. 24 (1935) 163 (“A Commentary
on Loureiro’s Flora Cochinchinensis”)
but no type is stated. K. corticosa Lour.,
Loureiro s.n. (BM holotype). K. corti-
cosa var. tonkinensis Warb., Balansa
Nos. 1012 (BR, G and Boiss., K, P);
4196 (K, P) and 4198 (BR, G and Boiss.,
K, P). K. petelotii Merr., Pételot 6608
(A holotype, TI). K. wangii H. H. Hu,
Wang 80634 (K, P). Myristica cheree-
vensis Pierre, Pierre 5431 (BR, E, G
and Boiss., P). M. glaucescens Hk. f. et
Th., Cuming 2315 (A, BM, C, G and
Boiss., K, L, LE, M, P, UPS) and Gri-
ffith 4344 (A, BM, C, CAL, DD, FI, G
and Boiss., K, LE, M, P, S). M. lanceo-
lata Wall. Cat. 6794 (A, BM, BR, CGE,
G and Prodr., K, LE, M). M. missionis
King, Wall. Cat. 6788 (K, CAL). M.
sphaerula Hk. f., Cantley 31 (K_ holo-
type, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Kyweith wegyi (Burma); mau cho; huyét
muong (N. Vietnam); huyét cau (C.
Vietnam); Sang mau (S. Vietnam); sma
krebey (Cambodia); thom luat; luat ma
(Laos); ham bai lek; ka ham; luat fai;
luat khwai, the most widely used name;
luat kwat; luat ma; luat raet; mui han
(Siam).

218

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

(12) Knema glomerata (Blanco) Merr. in J. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc.
76 (1917) 81 excl. Villamil 241; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 151 et
Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 183.

Basionym: Sterculia glomerata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 764,
ed. 2 (1845) 525, ed. 3, 3 (1879) 164; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880)
27; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 24, 73.

Synonyms: Sterculia decandra Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 766, ed.
2 (1845) 526, ed. 3, 3 (1879) 166. Myristica heterophylla F.-
Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 178; Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886)
220. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu F.-Vill. Novis. App.
(1880) 178; A.D.C. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 quoad Philip. Vidal,
Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 139 et Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886)
220. M. iners Bl. sensu Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 221.
M. laurina Bl. sensu Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 221. M.
glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. sensu Ceron, Cat. Pl. Herb. Ma-
nila (1892) 141 excl. Vidal Nos. 3548 & 3568, see note under type
material. M. stenocarpa (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.
2, 1 (1900) 91 nom. alt. Knema heterophylla (F.-Vill.) Warb.
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 573 t. 25 f. 1-2; Merr. in Philip. Journ.
Sc. 1 bot. suppl. (1906) 55 et 3 bot. (1908) 407. K. heterophylla
var. pubescens Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 576 = [M. laurina
BI. sensu Vidal 1.c. 221]. K. stenocarpa Warb. Monog. Myrist.
(1897) 577; Elmer Leafl. Phil. Bot. 3 (1911) 1064; Merr. Enum.
Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1823) 184-syn. nov. K. vidalii Warb. Monog.
Myrist. (1897) 615; Merr. Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 184—syn..
nov. K. gitingensis Elm. Leafl. Phil. Bot. 3 (1911) 1065. K. acumi-
nata Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 17 (1920) 256—syn. nov?—Fig. 11-

Tree 5-12 m. high. Bark grey, smooth or flaking slightly in old
trees; sap pink, copious. Twigs when young 2 mm. thick and rusty-
furfuraceous at the apex, becoming smooth and dark reddish-
brown, lower down grey, striate and stouter. Leaves chartaceous,
elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, usually widest at the mid-
dle, sometimes with one or two sinuations or small lobes (hence
heterophylla), glabrous except the lower midrib which later sheds.
its rusty scurf, medium green and dull to shining above, glaucous
beneath, apex acute, base rounded or acute; midrib raised on both
surfaces; nerves 12-20, average 16 pairs, faint above, prominent
beneath, curving and interarching at the margin; reticulations faint
above, fine but visible beneath; length 12—23 cm., average 17 cm.,
breadth 3.5—9 cm., average 7 cm.; petiole 1 cm. long. Male flowers
rusty-tomentose or occasionally tomentulose outside, pink or red
inside, 3—4 mm. long, 5 mm. broad in bud and 7—8 mm. across
when expanded; pedicels 4-7 mm. long with a median bracteole,

219

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Fig. 11. Knema glomerata (Blanco) Merr.

A, twig with leaves. B, lobed leaf. C, male flowers. D, male flower
enlarged. E—-F, staminal column. G, female flowers. H, female flower
enlarged. I, ovary and stigmas. J, fruit. A from Sinclair & Edajio
9454 (SING). B from Ramos 1482 (NY). C—F from Williams 900
(NY). G—I from Curran 10477 (NY). J from McGregor 22974
(NY).

220

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

staminal disc white, convex with 8-13, average 11, sessile anthers.
Female flowers 5 mm. long with a thicker, 5 mm. long pedicel;
ovary rusty-tomentose; stigma sessile, green, bi-lobed, each lobe
again divided into 3—4 lobes or serrations. Fruit oblong, sub-glo-
bose or obovoid, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8—2.3 cm. broad, covered
with rusty scurf; stalk 5 mm. long.

PHILIPPINES Mrnporo: Vicinity of Puerto Galera, Bartlett 13476
(A); Mt Yagaw, Conklin 17441 (PNH,
US); M. D. Sulit & Conklin 17628 (BM,
K, PNH) and east of Mt Yagaw, Conk-
lin 37576 (L, SING); Mt Halcon, Edafio
3241 (A, BR, L, PNH); Baco River, Mc-
Gregor 245 (K); Paluan, Ramos 39614
(A, CAL, NSW, SING, TOFO); Pina-
malayan, Ramos Nos. 40865 (A, P);.
40924 (BO, L); and 4/7105 (P, US).

BATANES
IsLANDS: Baian Island, Batanes Prov., Ramos 80445
4(K, NY, SING).

BABUYAN
IsLANDS: Calayan Island, Velasco 26652 (K, US);
Camiguin Island, Camiguin Volcano,
Edano 79136 (NY, SING); Mt Mapo-
lapolo, Camiguin Island, Edafio 79374
(BO, NY, SING); Camiguin Island,
Fénix 4049 (CAL, US).

LUZON: Prov. Ilocos Norte:—s.]., Paraiso 26280
(NY); Bangui to Claveria, Ramos Nos.
33094 (BM, BO, L) and 33095 (A, P).

Prov. Apayao:—Fénix Nos. 28026 (BM,
- (BRI, NSW, UC, US) and 28277 (CAL,
SING).

Prov. Cagayan:—s.]., Bernardo 2427! (K,
US); Klemme Nos. 7058 = (2090) (BO,
DD) and /3417 (BR, LE); Lagum, vici-
nity of Pefiablanca, Adduru 243 (A, K,
P, US); Gonzaga, Edafio 78242 (NY);
Mt Bawa, Edafio 78484 (NY).

Prov. Isabela:—Ilagan, Vidal 3559 (K);
Malunu, Warburg Nos. 11589 (L, M, P,
W) and 11590 (C, FI, G and Boiss., L,
LE, M).

Prov. Nueva Vizcaya:—Ramos 8266 (BO,
CAL, L)-

Prov. Benguet:—Sablan, Elmer 6156 (G
and Boiss., K, NSW, NY, P, TI, US);
Baguio, Elmer 8957 (A, BO, E, FI, G,
ot. EE, NSW, NY, US).

Proy. Nueva Ecija:—Mt Umingan, Ramos
& Edafio 26423 (A, K, US).

Prov. Zambales:—Olongapo, Alambra
23451 (US); s.l., Curran 5996 (CAL)
and Medina 23537 (BO, US).

221

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Prov. Tarlac:—La Paz, Vidal 509 (FI, K,
L); Camiling, Zschokke 15396 (BM,
NSW).

Prov. Bataan:—s.l., Curran 17317 (BM,
NSW); Elgincolin & Ranario 27765 (BM,
BO); Pascual 28794 (K, MEL); Lamao
F.R., Foxworthy 1590 (PNH); Lamao
River, Mt Mariveles, the following:—
Barnes 500 (NY, US); Borden Nos. 625
(BO, K, NSW, NY, SING, US); 1180
(BO, K, NSW, NY, SING, US); 1372
(K, NY, US); 1655 (K, NSW, NY, US);
1663 (K, NSW, NY, US); 2556 (BO, K,
NY>*SING, US); 2723 (K, MY. US);
UC accession Nos. 239236 (UC) and
239547 (UC); Merrill 2533 (A, CAL, K,
NY, SING, US); Meyer 2815 (BO, K,
NY, SING, US); Warburg Nos. 13644
(C, L, LE, M, W) and 13644a (C, G
and Boiss., L, M); Whitford 366 (K,
NY, P, US) and 520 (KK, NY, US);
Williams Nos. 900 (NY) and 901 (NY).

Prov. Rizal:—s.]., Ahern’s collector 3192
(BO, K, NY, SING, US); Mariano
27159 (BM, US); Ramos 1072 (A,
BRSL, FI, G, M, U, UC, US); Ramos
2638 (BM, NSW); Montalban, Loher
Nos. 6702 (M); 6711 (K, M); 6713
(M); 6714 (BO, K, M, US) and 6720
(K, M); Bosoboso, Ramos 1482 (BO,
CAL, NY, US); Mt. Susong, Dalaga,
Ramos & Edafio 29268 (A, US).

Prov. Cavite:—Ramos & Deroy Nos. 22574
(Ax BM, . BO, CAL, -K, Lc SW. 8.
SING, UC, US) and 22583 (A, BO,
BRI, CAL, NSW, SING, UC, US).

Prov. Laguna:—s.]., McGregor 22974 (A,
BO, CAL, K, NY, P, SING, US); Los
Banos, Elmer 8228 (BO, K, NY); Tame-
sis Nos. 11932 (L) and 11946 (BO, BR,
CAL, LE); San Antonio, Ramos Nos.
10957 (BO, E, CAL) and 21980 (K,
US); Mt Makiling, Baker 3309 (BRI,
K, SING); Ballesteros 9474 (PNH);
T.B. Banaga 33399 (L, PNH, US); Cani-
cosa 9719 (PNH); Elmer 17565 (A, BM,
BG, ©. CAL, G, K, L,.P; NY, 5S, Ae
US); Esben 34287 (PNH); Forestry
Student 34126 (KEP, PNH); Holman 81
(A); Ilagan 35487 (PNH); Lamanilao
34269 (PNH); Peralta 35480 (PNH);
Quitoles 34366 (K, PNH); Rosenbluth
& Tamesis 12690 (BO); Sinclair & Edaftio
9454 (B, E, K, L, M, PNH, SING);
Sulit, Mendoza & Student 20 (NY);
M.D. Sulit Nos. 3224 (PNH); 7053 (A,
BR, DD, PNH); 7054 (PNH) and

222

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

22880 (BM, BO, K, L, PNH, US);
Sumague 37301 (PNH); Mt Banajao,
Ocampo 27913 (A, BO, NY).

Prov. Batangas:—Merrill 504 (A, BM, BO,
CAL, K, L, NY, NSW, P, US).

Prov. Quezon:—Alabat Island, Ramos &
Edano 48143 (NY, UC); Tayabas, Ba-
wan 24613 (A, K, US); Manuel 21639
(US) and Vidal Nos. 3549 (K); 357]
(K) and 3572 (K); Kinatakutan, Taya-
bas, Oro 30833 (NY, SING); Mt
Binuang, Ramos & Edano 28595 (A,
BRI, US).

Prov. Camarines:—s.l., Aguilar 24533
(BRI, US); Alvarez 21444 (BRI, K, P,
US).

Prov. Camarines Sur:—Mt Isarog, Curran
10436 (BO, BR, CAL); s.l., 10477 (BO,
NY, US); Alanao, Bicol National Park,
Sinclair & Edafio 9553 (B, E, K, L, M,
P, PNH, SING).

Prov. Albay:—Aguilar 14301 (BR); Cu-
ming Nos. 844 (BM, C, CGE, FI, G
and Prodr. and Boiss., K, L, LE, M,
MEL, P, UPS, W); /309 (BM, CGE,
FI, G and Boiss., K, L, LE M, MEL,
NY, P, UPS, W) and 1042 (CGE, FI,
G and Boiss., K, LE, P, W); Bulan,
Vidal 3551 (K).

Prov. Sorsogon:—Irosin (Mt Bulusan)
Elmer Nos. 16229 (A, BM, BO, C, CAL,
Gc Kiel. NSW, NY; P,.U,—YC, US)
and 16616 (A, BM, BO, C, CAL, FI, K,
L; NSW, NY, P, PNH, S, U, UC, US,

as 4

McGregor 10344 (BO, BR, CAL, LE).

Vidal Nos. 1679 (FI, L) the K duplicate is
M. agusanensis (in Warb. under M.
cumingii p. 443) and 3564 (K).

Ramos & Edafio Nos. 75339 (BO, CAL,
NY, SING, UC) and 75534 (CAL,
SING, UC).

Mt Giting-giting, Elmer 12200 (A, BM,
BO, .BRSL, CAL, E, G, K, L, NSW,
NY, US).

Clark 1086 (K, NY, US).

Ramos 17590 (P, US); Mt Cansayao,
Catarman, M.D. Sulit 14417 (K, L,
PNH).

Rosenbluth 12744 (US); Wenzel Nos. 743
(A, BM, G) and //34 (A, BM, G);
Dagami, Ramos 15277 (K, US).

223

BILIRAN:
CEBU:
NEGROS:

PANAY:

GUIMARAS
ISLAND:

SULU

ISLANDS:

BASILAN:

MINDANAO:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

McGregor 18576 (A, P, US).
Espinosa 6418 (SING).

Curran 17462 (BR, BRI, CAL, LE);
Negros Occidental, Dumaguete, Cuernos
Mts, Elmer 10132 (A, E, G, LE) and
Insular Lumber Co. track, Faraon,
Meyer & Foxworthy 13569 (BO, CAL,
LP);

Edafio 45971 (BM, BRI, DD, NY, §S,
SING, UC); Jamindan, Ramos & Edano
30948 (A, BM, P); Libacao, Ramos &
Edano 31461 (A, K, UC); Migao, Prov.
llo-ilo, Vidal 3566 (K).

Vidal 507 (FI, K, L).

Tawitawi, Alcasid & Celestino 7499 (A)
and Ramos & Edano 44119 (BM, BRI,
DD; G, L, MEL, NY, SING, UC);
Warburg 13304 (M).

Hutchinson 6110 (NY, P, US); Miranda
18942 (BM, US).

s.l., Warburg Nos. 13303 (B, C, FI, L, M,
P, W) & 13303a (C, L, M, P, W).

Prov. Surigao:—Borja 28139 (A, K); Hut-
chinson 7560 (NY); Ramos & Pascasio
34569 (A, K, US); Wenzel Nos. 2789
(A, BR, K, M, NY, UC); 2979 (A, B,
BO, BR, G, K, M, NY, SING, UC);
3411 (A, BO, BR, DD, G, K, NY, UC).

Prov. Agusan:—Jabonga, Ramos & Convo-
car 83606 (NY); sub. prov. Butuan,
Rafael & Ponce 20745 (K, P, US).

Prov. Davao:—Todaya (Mt Apo) Elmer
Nos. 10960 (A, BO, BRSL, CAL, E,
FI, G, K, L, LE, NY); 10990 (A, BM,
BO; BRSL. GAL. EF. FL Gi Ea
NSW, NY, US, W) and //935 (A, BM,
BO, BRSL, CAL, E, G, K, L, LE, NSW,
NY, US, W); Mati, Ramos & Edaiio
49330 (BO;"G *DD, LE, SING... UGE
Santa Cruz, Williams Nos. 2876 (K, NY,
US); 2892 (A, NY) and 29]1 (DD,
NY).

Prov. Cotabato:—Carmen, Afionuevo 13563
(LPN),

Prov. Lanao:—Guerrero 30364 (BM, G,
NY, UC); Camp Keithley, Lake Lanao,
Clemens Nos. 964 (BO, G, M) and J/1]
(G. US); vicinity of Dansalan, Momun-
gan Road, Zwickey 228 (A, NY); vici-
nity of Abaga, Zwickey 655 (A, NY).

Prov. Zamboanga del Norte:—Frake Nos.
38112 (L) and 38259 (L).

224

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Prov. Zamboanga del Sur:—Malangas,
Ramos & Edario Nos. 36854 (A, BM,
Bo. BRK. 1L..P. Us): coors CaO. P,
US); 37079 (A, BO, K, US); and 37444
(A, K, US); Banga, Whitford & Hut-
chinson Nos. 6026 (BR); 9107 (K, US)
and 9385 (NY, US); Sax River, Williams
2340 (A, K, NY, US); Mt Tubuan,
Ramos & Edafio 36682 (A, K, P, US)
not the Mt Tubuun in Prov. Cagayan.

DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed throughout the Philip-
pines.
TYPE MATERIAL: Sterculia glomerata Blanco, no type speci-

men; interpreted by Merr. from Blanco’s
description and vernacular names tam-
balao and hindurugu. S. decandra Blanco,
no type specimen. M. heterophylla F.-
Vill., Vidal 507. M. corticosa Hk. f. et
Th. sensu P.-Vill. Vidal 508 (not seen
by me). M. laurina Bl. sensu Vidal =
_K. heterophylla var. pubescens Warb.,

‘ Vidal 509. M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th.
sensu Ceron, Vidal Nos. [3548 = kor-
thalsii]; 3551; 3559; [3568 = kunstleri];
3571 and 3572 = glomerata. K. steno-
carpa Warb. Warb. 13303. K. vidalii
Warb. = M. iners Bl. sensu Vidal 1679.
K. gitingensis Elm., Elmer 12200. K.
acuminata Merr., Klemme 11266 Prov.
Isabela, Luzon, not seen by me and pre-
sumed lost or destroyed.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Alas (Ig.); alimpapafigan (Neg.); anoling
(P. Bis.); dagdagan (Ibn.); dara-dara,
dumadara & ubian (Ilk.); dogoan (C.,
Bis., Mbo); doguan (Sbl., Tag., S., L.,
_Bis.); duguan (Tag., Bik., P., Bis.); du-
madaga (Ap.); durugo & hindurugu
(Tag.); kalahaglahag (Sul.); lago &
libago (Bag.); lapak; margabulo; matum-
baulalaki (Tag.); panigan (Neg.);
parugan (Tag.); talihagan (Neg.); tam-
balau & tambalau-lalaki (Tag.).

This is the commonest species of Knema in the Philippines and
being widely distributed, is somewhat variable. It is close to K.
korthalsii but the most reliable difference is the fewer nerves, 12~20,
average 16 pairs as against 20-40 pairs in korthalsii. The flowers
too, are slightly smaller than those of korthalsii, the male having
8-13, average 11 anthers as against 13-20, average 18 in korthalsii.
For other differences see under korthalsii. I have seen no specimen
of K. acuminata Merr., Klemme 11266, in any herbaria and I
presume it is lost or destroyed. Merrill says that it is close
to K. vidalii (a synonym of K. glomerata) but easily distinguished
by its slenderly acuminate, few-nerved leaves. From the description
I can only assume that it is a form of the common glomerata with

225

Gardens Bulletin, S.

-smaller leaves and fewer veins. As it was collected in Prov. Isabela
‘in the north of Luzon, the habitat may not be so congenial as the
’ warmer, less exposed south. Merrill in his Enumeration of the Phil.
“Fl. Plants 2 (1923) 183 lists K. glauca (Blume) Warb. as occurring
“in the Philippines, but the numbers quoted by him are only korthal-
‘sii and glomerata.

‘ The specimens collected in Formosa at Kotosho Island, by
‘Kawakami and Nakahara, s.n., date 1905-06 (T1); Kawakami and
Sasaki s.n. (TI) and Sasaki s.n. (T1) are not K. glomerata. They
were first identified as Myristica laurifolia Hk. f., see Icones Plant-
‘arum Formosarum (Hayata) and later by Kudo and Masamune
-as Myristica glomerata. The last two authors made them the basis
of a new combination :—Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo and
~Masamune in Annual Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 2 (1932) 89. I
, have examined the specimens and they are a coriaceous leaved
variety of Myristica cumingii Warb. also known as M. cagayanensis
‘Merr. It will be seen from the distribution list that K. glomerata
has been found in the Batan Islands in the extreme north of the
Philippines but so far not in Formosa. It should be looked for
In the islands off the southern tip of Formosa, but perhaps most
‘of the primary forests there have long since been cut down.

(13) Knema hookeriana (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.
~ (1897) 551 t. 24 f. 1-4; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23

(1912) 237; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 67; Corner, Wayside
_ Trees of Malaya 1 (1940 & 1952 editions) 476 et Vol. 2 pl.
_ 218; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 272 f. 1 pl. IA.

Basionym: Myristica hookeriana Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855)
- 156; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 204; Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2
(1858) 69 et Suppl. (1861) 384; Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886)
— 109; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 325 pl. 163.
SUMATRA East Coast: Huta Padang, near Continental Plantation
Co. Concession, Asahan, Krukoff 4289
(BO) and 4445 (SING); Sibolangit,
Lorzing 5258 (BO, L, SING); Band-
jalinggi, S. of Tebing-tinggi, Ldrzing
7512 (BO).
PALEMBANG: Lematang Ulu, Lambach 1335 (BO, L,
SING, U).
MALAY PENINSULA: _ All provinces except Perlis and Prov. Wel-

; lesley. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16
(1958) 274.

New and first record for Kelantan:—
Kuala Krai, K.F.N. 68774 (KEP).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.

‘ ' TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica hookeriana Wall. Cat. 6802A (A,
/ BM, CAL, DD, E, G, K holotype, M).

7226

Vol. XVII. (1961).

The Labuan specimens of Beccari FI acc. Nos. 7787; 7787A,
7787B and 7787C (FI), collected by Low and quoted by Warburg,
page 553, are not K. hookeriana but K. furfuracea. There are no
records of K. hookeriana as yet from Borneo.

(14) Knema intermedia (Bl.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 564
t. 25 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 239;
Koorders, Exkursionsflora v. Java 2 (1912) 258; Ridley, FI.
Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 68; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1
(1940 & 1952 editions) 477; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16
(1958) 315 f. 15, pl. IB.

Basionym: Myristica intermedia Bl. Rumph. 1 (1835) 187;
Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 158; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856)
206; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70; Hk. f. et Th. FI. Br.
Ind. 5 (1886) 112; King in Ann. Roy Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891).
317 pl. 154; Koorders en Pe eieton, Med. Lands Pl. Tuin 17
(1896) 192.

Synonyns: M. glauca Bl. sensu Zoll. Msc., Moritzi, System.
Verzeichniss, Java (1845) 38. M. glabra de Vriese (non BI.) Pl.
Indiae Batavae Orientalis [Pl]. Reinwardt.] (1857) 85. M.
iteophylla Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 59. M. corticosa var.
decipiens Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 51.

SUMATRA West Coast: Sungei Bulu, Padang, Beccari 901 (FI, K,.
E, MEL): Pajakumbu, Teijsmann 478
(BO, U).

East Coast: eagles near Aek Kanopan, Lundut Con-
cession, Kuala, Bartlett 7329 (K, L, NY,
US); Si Mandi Angin, Sungei Kanan,
Subdivision Labuhanbatu, District Kota
Pinang, Rahmat Si Boeea (R. Si Toroes)
ae ARS bk, NY, UC, US); Huta
Bagasan, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea Nos.
6887 (A, S, SING, UC, US) and 7982
(A, S, SING, UC, US); vicinity of Lum-
ban Ria, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea 8054
(A, S, SING, UC, US); Bengkalis,
Bruinier 274 (BO); ’Selat Pandjang, P.
Tebing-tinggi, Bruinier 209 (BO); P..
Mendol, Bruinier 240 (BO). -

PALEMBANG: Banjuasin & Kubestreken, TJ135 (BO);.
Gunong Meraksa, Forbes 2573 (BM,
CAL, L, LE); Lematang Ulu, Lambach
1348 (BO, L); Ranau, G. Pakiwang, de
Voogd 463 (BO).

LAMPONG: S.1., Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

BANKA: Lobok Besar, Kostermans & Anta 184 (BO,
K,L); Djebus, Teijsmann s.n. (BO,
SING); Sungei Liat, Teijsmann s.n. (BO,
SING).

2227

LINGGA ARCHI-
PELAGO:

Rrouw ARCHI-
PELAGO:

MALAY PENINSULA:

JAVA S.L.:

WEsT Java:

BORNEO SaRAWAK:

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO:

NATUNA
ISLANDS:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Pulau Singkep, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING).

Tanjong Pinang, Teijsmann s.n. (BO,

SING).

All provinces except Perlis, Kedah, Treng-

ganu, Pahang and Negri Sembilan. For
list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 317.

These are probably all in West Java:—

Blume s.n. (BO, K, LE, U) must be
Salak and Tjampea; Jelinek s.n. (LE,
W); Kuhl & Hasselt s.n. (CAL, L);
Lobb 315 (A, BM, E, FI, G and Boiss.,
W) not Singapore; Zollinger 1163 (BM,
FI, G and Boiss., LE, MEL, P).

Batu Hidung, Tjimara, Udjong Kulon,

Koorders Nos. 5262 (BO, CAL, L, P);
Bantam, Forbes 542a (BM, BO, CAL,
FI, K, LE); Bogor JA 6886 (L,
PNH); Gunong Paniisan, Bogor, Bak-
huizen v.d. Brink 6141 (BO, L);
Pasir Kiaradjingkang, west of Bogor,
Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 6381 (BO, BRI, L);
Tjampea, Koorders Nos. 15522 (BO)
and 30470 (BO, L); G. Tyjibodas, Tjam-
pea, Reinwardt s.n. (L, MEL) and one
sheet (L) is probably Blume; Tjampea,
Warburg 2500 (LE, W); Parungkuda,
Tapos near Tjisalak, Preanger, Bakhuizen
v.d. Brink 5064 (BO, BRI, CAL, G and
Boiss., K, L, P, SING, U, UC); Pelabuan-
ratu, Preanger, Koorders Nos. 5238 (BO,
L); 5239 (BO, K, L); 5240 (8G;-CAL,
i3P):. 5242404802); 524
5267 (BO); 11790 (BO, K, L); 11793
(BO, L); 12277 (BO); 12294 (BO, L);
33063 (BO) and 33122 (BO).

Near Kuching, Haviland 1967 (CAL, K,

SAR, SING); Matang (Haviland)
Garai 1440/1086 (SAR); Sungei Tissak,
Triso, Anderson Nos. SAR 3184 (KEP,
SAR, SING) and SAR 3185 (KEP,
SAR, SING); Loba Kabang Protected
Forest, Sibu, Anderson SAR 412 (KEP,
SAR, SING); Binatang, Pulau Bruit,
Anderson SAR 9039 (BO, K, L, SAR,
SING) and 9055 (BO, K, L, SAR,
SING); Sungei Kelepu, P. Bruit, Ander-
son SAR 7931 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING).

S.1., Korthals s.n. (CAL, L, MEL); Tei-

jsmann s.n. (BO, U); 10 km. west of
Sampit, Buwalda 7820 (A, BO, K, L).

G. Ranai, P. Bunguran, v. Steenis 1335

(BO, L, SING).

228

—- -

Vol. XVII. (1961).

CULTIVATED: Hort. Bog., Beccari Nos. 7760 (FI); 7761
(FI); 7762 (FI) all origin Palembang;
Kurz 1522 (CAL); Teijsmann, date
1867 (MEL); Warburg 1743 (C, G and
Boiss., L, M, P, W) origin Banka; IVG
85 (NY, US).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, including Banka, Riouw-Lingga
Archipelago, Malay Peninsula, Borneo in
part and West Java.

TYPE MATERIAL: M. intermedia Bl., Salak, Tjampea and
mountains of West Java. No collector
stated by Blume. He based the species
on his own material. M. glabra de Vriese,
Reinwardt s.n. (L, MEL). M. glauca Bl.
sensu Zoll. Zollinger 1163 (BM, FI, G
and Boiss., LE, MEL, P). M. iteophylla
Miq. Teijsmann 478 (BO, U holotype).
M. corticosa var. decipiens Miq., Borneo,
Korthals s.n. (CAL, L, MEL).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Ki-mokla (W. Java); kumpang (Sarawak).

M. intermedia var. minor Mig. Japara, Java, Teijsmann s.n.
(U holotype) is K. cinerea var. sumatrana. This species does not
occur in Ambon or Batjan as stated by Warburg p. 566. The
Moluccas specimens cited by him belong to K. tomentella. Forbes
592 is K. cinerea var. sumatrana. K. intermedia var. dubia Warb.
[Wall. Cat. 68/0] is K. plumulosa.

(15) Knema kinabaluensis J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 12.

Species affinis K. rigidifoliae a qua foliis minus coriaceis et
plerumque minoribus, antheris paucioribus, fructibus oblongis
minoribus differt. Aspectu foliorum K. cinereae var. sumatranae ex
montibus borneensibus interdum similis sed nervis et reticulationi-
bus supra valde elevatis dissimilis.

Arbor 10—20 m. alta. Cortex griseo-brunneus laevis; latex roseus
exilis. Ramuli apicibus nigro-brunnei, puberuli, infra griseo-brun-
nei, glabri, striati. Folia coriacea lanceolata utrinque acuta, supra
atro-viridia, nitida, subtus glauca, 10-18 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata;
costa utrinque elevata supra albo-viridis subtus flavo-viridis sed
in sicco hic modice brunnea; nervi 16—20-jugati utrinque elevati
subtus brunnei; reticulationes densae utrinque distinctae; petioli
1-2 cm. longi. Flores masculi 4-5 mm. longi extus ferrugineo-
pubescentes, intus roseo-albi, lobis 3-5, antheris 7-10 distantibus
flavidis breviter stipitatis, disco roseo, plano vel leviter convexo
praediti; pedicelli 3-4 mm. longi medio bracteolati. Flores feminei
longe urceolati 7-8 mm. longi; ovarium ferrugineo-pubescens 3
mm. longum in stylum bifidum terminatum. Fructus oblongus
ferrugineo-tomentellus, secus suturam valde angulatus, 3.5-4 cm.

229

Hore oh

it.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tey OM
Sees

WES

su AS AN «li,

LAR

\S

X Sill

iN

CRRA
SESS

AGM ite 4 Sa ye \
KS Nog N |
Wy o aN ee f
ie, = a4

oe

Ae
os

Fh ry}
SSS

RSs

ony
CON YS
<>
xy

rn t a

E, twig with male flowers. F, male flower enlarged. G, staminal
230

column. A—C from Sinclair 9006 (SING). D from Clemens 29515

(SING). E—G from Sinclair 9224 (SING isotype).

5mm

Fig. 12. Knema kinabaluensis J. Sinclair.
A, twig with leaves and female flowers. B—C, female flowers. D,

Vol. XVII. (1961).

longus, 2.5 cm. latus cum stipite 5-8 mm. longo. Arillus roseo-
tuber. Seminis integumentum exteriore carneum griseo-album,
interiore crassum, nigro-brunneum.

Tree 10-20 m. high. Bark greyish-brown, smooth; sap pink,
not very copious. Twigs blackish-brown at the apices, minutely
puberulous, greyish-brown lower down and soon glabrous, striate.
Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, base and apex acute, dark green
and glossy above, glaucous beneath: midrib raised on both sur-
faces as are the nerves, whitish green above, yellowish green
beneath, drying) medium brown beneath; nerves 16-20 pairs,
parallel and oblique, also drying a medium brown beneath;
reticulations distinct, forming a close network above and below;
length 10-18 cm., breadth 3-5 cm., petiole 1-2 cm. long, drying
black. Male flowers 4-5 mm. long, rusty-pubescent outside, pale
pinkish-white inside, 3-5 lobed: anthers 7-10, well-spaced, yellow,
very shortly stalked; disc flat or slightly convex, pink; pedicels
3-4 mm. long with a minute, median bracteole. Female flowers
elongate-urceolate, 7-8 mm. long; ovary rusty-pubescent, 3 mm.
long ending in a bifid stigma. Fruit oblong, rusty-tomentulose,
ridged longitudinally along the line of suture, 3.5-4 cm. long and
2.5 cm. broad; stalk 5-8 mm. long. Ari] red with a pinkish tinge.
Seed, outer coat greyish white and soft, inner blackish brown and
hard.

BRITISH |
NORTH BORNEO: All from Mount Kinabalu.

_ Barnton 515 (BM); Tenompok, Clemens
Nos. 26697 (A, BO, G, K, L, NY, UC);
wee AA GO. G, K, L, NY, UG):
29358 (A, "BO; G, K, M;' NY, UC);
29358 bis (A, BO, K, L, M, NY, UC);
295152 (Ae, BO, G, .K, LL, M, NY,
SING, UC); 30283 (A, BO, G, K, L,
NY) and 30321 (A, BO, G, K, L, NY,
UC); Gunong Lenau, Tenompok, Sinclair
9006 (E, K, L, SING); Dallas, Clemens
26697A (A, BO, G, K, L, NY, UC);
Lobang, Clemens Nos. 10334 (A, BO,
UC) and 10342 (A, PNH, UC); Penibu-
kan, Clemens Nos. 31406 (BO, NY) and
31608 (A, B, BO, G, K, L, M, NY, SING
UC); Colombon River, Clemens Nos.
32498 (A, BM, BO, G, K, L, M, NY,
SING, UC) and 34094 (A, BO, G, L,
NY, UC); Marai Parai, Clemens Nos.
33032 (BO, K, L, NY) and 33038 (A,
G, K, UC); Keebambang River, Clemens
34292 (A, B, BO, G, K, L, M, NY, SING,
UC); Upper Kinabalu, Clemens Nos.
40545 (A, G, K, L, UC) and 50012 (A,
G, K); Lumu Lumu, Sinclair 9224 (B,
E, K, L, M, SAN, SING); Lumu Lumu

231

Gardens Bulletin, S:

near Bunda Tuhan, Wood & Wyatt-Smith
K.F.N. 80346 (K, KEP, SAN, SING);
3 miles S. of Lumu Lumu on path to
Tenompok, Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4484
(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Kundasan,
Wood & Kapis b. Sisiron SAN 16449
(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Kota Belud,
Wood & Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 80343 (K,
KEP, SAN, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Mount Kinabalu, British North Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair 9224 (B, E, K holotype, L, M,
SAN, SING).

This species is common on Mount Kinabalu at 5,000 ft.
(ca. 1,538 m.) but also occurs from 3,000-7,000 ft. It is readily
known by its oblong fruit, ridged on the suture, the short male
pedicels, and the coriaceous leaves with raised nerves on both
sides. The nerves dry brown on the lower surface. It most closely
resembles K. rigidifolia, a mountain species from Fraser’s Hill
and the Cameron Highlands in Malaya, which has larger and
more coriaceous leaves and a larger and globose fruit. Some
mountain forms of K. cinerea var. sumatrana from North Borneo
also at times resemble K. kinabaluensis, but they have less dis-
tinct reticulations on the upper surface of the leaf and the nerves
here, too, are not raised nor are so distinct.

(16) Knema korthalsii Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 557.

Synonyms: Myristica cinerea Poiret sensu A. Gray, Bot.
Wilkes U.S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 35. M. corticosa (Lour.)
Hk. f. et Th. var borneensis Mig. nom. nud. in schedula. M.
korthalsii (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 90
nom. alt. M. mindanaensis Warb. sensu Merrill in Philip. Bureau
For. Bull. 1 (1903) 21 et Phil. J. Sc. 3 bot. (1908) 76—syn.
nov. Knema mindanaensis (Warb.) Merr. pro parte non typica
Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 184—-syn. nov. K. insularis Merr.
in Phil. J. Sc. 30 (1926) 394—syn. nov. K. cenabre Merr. and
Quisumb. in Phil. J. Sc. 37 (1928) 144 pl. 3—-syn. nov.—Fig. 13.

Tree 7-20 m. high. Twigs 3-4 mm. thick and covered with
rusty-furfuraceous scurf at the apex, lower down stouter, glabrous
and greyish or straw-coloured, terete but sometimes flattened at
the apex, rarely angled. Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous,
oblong-lanceolate, oblong, or oblong-obovate, acute at the apex,
narrowed slightly to the rounded base, glabrous above, rusty-
furfuraceous on the lower midrib, but soon glabrous, drying olive
green above and glaucous beneath; midrib raised above and be-
low; nerves 20-40 pairs, parallel, fine and raised above, very
prominent beneath, interarching at the margins, often in a double

232

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

6mm

Fig. 13. Knema korthalsii Warb.

A, twig with leaves. B, male flowers. C, male flower enlarged. D—E,
staminal column. F, female flower enlarged. G, ovary and stigmas.
H, fruit. A from Amdjah 440 (BO). B—E from Puasa 1438 (L).
F—G from Buwalda 7937 (BO). H from Amdjah 440 (BO).

233

Gardens Bulletin, S.

loop; length 20-35 cm.; breadth 5—9-(12) cm.; petiole 1—2 cm.
long. Male flowers numerous in umbels, medium brown and tomen-
tose outside, red inside, trigonous and depressed in the centre in
bud, 3-5 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad in bud and 1 cm. broad when
expanded; pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long with a minute bracteole at
the middle or slightly above; staminal disc circular in outline,
red, convex with 13-18-(20) nearly sessile anthers (18 average).
Female flowers 8 mm.—1 cm. long, but on shorter, 4 mm. long
pedicels; ovary rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long with a sessile, bi-lobed
stigma, the lobes again divided, each into 3-5 laciniations. Fruit
oblong to obovoid, rusty-tomentulose, 2.5-3 cm. long and 1.8 cm.
broad; pericarp 3 mm. thick; aril dark red; stalk 5 mm. long.
BORNEO SaRAWAK: Sepudang, Haviland 526/295 (SAR); Kapit,

Upper Rejang River, Native Collector
5280 (NY, UC).

West Borneo: Lianggagang, Hallier 2766 (BO, L, SING);
Pontianak, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, L,

SING).
SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO: S41. Korthals on. - (CAL, “i,” oe Lee
Sampit, Buwalda 7937 (A, BO, K, L,
SING); Banjermasin, Motley 1146 (K);
Hayup, Winkler 2753 (BRSL, L).
EAST AND
NoRTH-EAST
BORNEO: West Kutei, Sungei Gitan, bb12744 (BO);

East Kutei,Sungei Susuk Region, Koster-
mans 5755 (BO, K, L); B. Ulu Sebaku,
Amdjah 440 (BO, L); Mt Medadem,
N. of Sangkulirang, Kostermans 13355
(BO, K, L, P).
BRITISH NORTH
BORNEO: S.l., F.D. 49116 (KEP); mile 26, Apas
Road, Quon Hill, Tawau, W. Meijer SAN
19436 (SAR, SING); Sapagaya F.R.,
Kadir & Enggoh 10342 (K, L, PNH,
SAN) and Puasa 1438 (K, L); Cpt. 12,
Sepilok F.R., Patrick Ping Sam & Kapis
SAN 19211 (SAR, SING); Kilugu &
Bundu, Apostal 2395 (UC); Tenom,
Gibbs 2803 (BM, K, US); near Batu
Lima estate, Sandakan, D. D. Wood 931
(PNH).
PHILIPPINES BALaBac
IsLAND: Ramos & Edafio Nos. 49729 (BR, NY,
UC); 49747 (BR, K, NY, UC); 4981]
(UC) and 49851 (NY, UC); Ligas,
Vidal (Moseley) 3555 (K).
PALAWAN: Agama 21605 (K, L, NY, P, US); Cenabre
30099 (UC, US); Merrill 9764 (A, K, US);
Dumaran Island along Linuatan Creek,
Cenabre 29973 (K, NY, UC); Mt Balag-
bag, Edafio Nos. 77780 (K, NY, SING)

2234

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

SULU
ISLANDS:

BASILAN:

MINDANAO:

DISTRIBUTION:

‘TYPE MATERIAL:

and 77789 (NY, SING); Sagpangan,
Aborlan, Celestino & J. Ramos 23002 (L,
PNH); Puerto Princessa, Cenabre 29232
(G, US):

Tawitawi, Ramos & Edano 44288 (A, B,.
BM, BO, K, NY, P, SING, UC); Vidal
Nos. 3547 (K) and 3548 (K).

Hutchinson Nos. 108 (CAL); 3961 (K) and
3985 (K, US); Miranda 18942 (BM, K,
P, US); Reillo Nos. 15421 (BM, DD, L,
SING, US) and 15472 (L).

Prov. Surigao:—Wenzel 2513 (A, BO, BR,
a Kh. M. NY, UC): 27363 CA. BBO:
BR, G, K, M, NY, UC) and 3342 (A,
BO, BR, G, K, L, M, NY, UC); Lake
Manit, Ramos & Convocar 83445 (NY).

Prov. Agusan:—Tungao, Afionuevo 13735
(L, PNH); Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta)
Elmer 14040 (A, BM, BO, CAL, E, FI,
G,-K,_L, LE,. NSW, NY, P, U, UC, US,
Ww).

Prov. Misamis:—Miranda 11880 (P, US).

Prov. Davao:—Catalnan, Kanehira 25/1
(NY, TI).

Prov. Lanao:— Acufia 23377 (A, US); Jime-
nez 27048 (A, US); Camp Keithley,
Clemens 42885 (G, M) and s.n., May
1906 (BO, CAL, G, M) and Sept.-Cct.
1906 (BO); Vicinity of Olangu near
Momungan, Zwickey 784 (A, NY, UC).

Prov. Zamboanga:—s.l., Ahern 393 (US)

‘and 589 (BO, US); Oliveros Belen 23328
(A, BM, CAL, K, L, NY, P, SING, US);
Quadras s.n. (US); Port Batanga, Whit-
ford & Hutchinson 9310 (K, US);
Malangas, Ramos & Edano Nos. 37027
(A, K, US); 37330 (A, NY); 37366 (BM,
BO); 37443 BO, L) and s.1., 36828 (US);
Caldera, Cpt. Wilkes Exped. s.n. (US);
Malanipa Island, Challenger Exped.,
Moseley, Jan. and Feb. 1875 (BK, K);
Mt Tubuan, Ramos & Edarfio 36633 (A,
BM, BRI, CAL); Vidal 3554 (K).

Borneo, Southern parts of the Philippines
(Mindanao, Basilan, Balabac, Sulu Is-
lands and Palawan).

Knema korthalsii Warb. (M. corticosa Hk.
f. et Th. var. borneensis Miq.) Korthals
s.n. S. and S.E. Borneo (CAL, L, S, U
holotype). K. cenabre Merr. & Quisumb-
ing, Cenabre 29973 (K, NY). K. insularis
Merr. Ramos & Edanio 44288 (A, B, BM,
BO, K, NY, P, SING, UC). M. cinerea
Poir. sensu A. Gray, leaf specimens only,
from Caldera, Mindanao, Wilkes Exped.
(US).

235

Gardens Bulletin, S.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Philippines:—Biuku; duhao (Sul.); bunud;
dugan; duguan; tambalau (C. Bis.);
salindupong (Lan.); dago manok (Cuy.)

This species is close to Knema glomerata, but differs from it
in having more veins, 20-40 pairs, while glomerata has 12-20.
The leaves usually have parallel sides and do not tend to be
elliptic. They are generally more coriaceous while the twigs are
thicker and stouter at the apex. The flowers are slightly larger
with more numerous anthers, 13-20, average 18 as against 8-13,
average 11 in glomerata. Myristica mindanaensis Warb. type
Warburg 13300, a true Myristica, is a synonym of M. fatua but
Merrill probably did not see the type when he made the com-
bination Knema mindanaensis (Warb.) Merr. in Enum. Phil. FI.
Plants 2 (1923) 184. There he quotes several collectors’ numbers
all of which are Knema korthalsii but he does not mention War-
burg 13300.

(17) Knema kunstleri (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 568 t.
25; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 241; Ridley, Fi.
Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69, Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
291.4 8.

Basitonym: Myristica kunstleri King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Calc. 3 (1891) 314 pl. 149.

Synonyms: K. coriacea Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 614.
K. parvifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sc. 13 (1918) 287 et Enum.
Philip. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 184. M. coriacea (Warb.) Boerl. Hand.
Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92 nom. alt. Gymnacranthera crypto-
caryoides Elmer, Leafl. Pilip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1060; Sinclair in
Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1958) 115.

var. kunstleri

MALAY PENINSULA: Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Ma-

lacca. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16
(1958) 293. There are now first and new
records for Trengganu and Negri Sem-
bilan. Trengganu, Bukit Bauk F.R.,
Dungun, K.F.N. 80695 (KEP). Negri
Sembilan, Sungei Menyala F.R., Port
Dickson, G. H. S. Wood K.F.N. 71868
(KEP); Negri Sembilan, Nilai, Jindaram
Estate, Md. Shah 62 (A, BKF, K, L,
LAE, PNH, SING).

BORNEO SaRAWAK: Kuching, Beccari 670 (FI, G, K, P); near
Kuching, Haviland 2254/1761 (K, SAR);
Native Collector 164 (A, K, PNH, US);
Setapok F.R., Kuching, Boejeng b. Sitam,
SAR 9302 (L, SAR, SING); Saratok
Mangrove Reserve, Kuching, Su’ut Ali
SAR 7746 (K, L, SAR, SING); Telok

236

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

BRUNEI:

PHILIPPINES Luzon:

SIBUYAN:

SAMAR:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAME:

Waiding, Bako National Park, Purseglove
5009 (K, L, SAR, SING); Lawas, Senada
SAR 2027 (SAR); Triso Peninsula,
Anderson SAR Nos. 2135 (SAR, SING)
and 3178 (KEP, SING); Pulau Bruit,
Anderson SAR 2638 (KEP, SAR, SING);
Sg. Kelepu, Pulau Bruit, Ellias SAR 8030
(BO, KEP, L, SAR, SING); Binatang,
Pulau Bruit, Anderson SAR 9019 (BO,
K, L, SAR, SING) and Sanusi bin Tahir
SAR 9249 (BO, K, KEP, L, SAR, SING);
Saribas F.R., Betong, Anderson SAR
8518 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING); Sungei
Sabal Tapang, Sinclair 10238 (A, E,
SING).

Badas Swamps, Anderson SAR 2853 (SAR);
Badas Saw-mill, Ashton & Whitmore
BRUN 686 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING); Sin-
clair 10465 (A, B, BM, E, K, L, SING);
Labu Forest Reserve, Temburong, Ash-
ton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17428 (K, L,
SAN, SING); Seria, Ashton, Smythies &
Wood SAR 5847 (BO, K, L, SAN, SAR,
SING); Anduki F.R., Anderson SAR
5551 (SAR).

Prov. Cagayan:—Summit of West Moun-
tain, Claveria. McLean, Catalan &
Peralta 129 (UC); Malaney, Vidal 3568
(K).

Prov. Quezon:—Tagcauayan, Tayabas,
Ramos 13358 (BM, K).

Prov. Camarines Norte:—Paracale, Ramos
& Edafio Nos. 33456 (A, BRI, NSW, UC,

jks) and 33631 (BM, BO, CAL, L,
SING); Atufigon, Daet, Arizabal 30500
(UC) and Alvarez 22641 (K).

Prov. Albay:—Manito, Curran 10573 (K,
NY, Us).

Magallanes, Mt Giting-giting, Elmer 12262
(A, BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E, G, K, L, LE,
NSW, NY, US).

Loquilon, Wright, M. D. Sulit 6092 (A, L,
PNH, SING); Mt Cansayao, Catarman,
M. D. Sulit 14324 (L, PNH).

Malay Peninsula, Sarawak, Philippines in
peat swamp forest mostly but also in
“kerangas”.

Mpyristica kunstleri King, all numbers of
King, Scortechini and Wray from Perak.
M. coriacea Warb., Beccari 670 (FI
holotype, G, K, P). Knema parvifolia
Merr., Curran 10573 (Ky NY,.US).
Gymnacranthera cryptocaryoides Elmer,
Elmer 12262 (A, BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E,
G, K, L, LE, NSW, NY US).

Duguan (Samar).

237

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 14.

A typo foliis chartaceis vel minus coriaceis, plerumque oblongo-
lanceolatis angustioribus, magis acuminatis, nervis pluribus, reti-
culationibus minus prominentibus differt.

Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, the
sides nearly parallel, drying greenish above, glaucous beneath
except the brown midrib and nerves, apex acute or mostly acumi-
nate, base rounded or acute; nerves 12—20 pairs (average 18), raised
above but lying in depressions of the uneven leaf surface; reticula-
tions forming a close, dense network, but not so prominent as in
var. kunstleri; length 6-15 cm., breadth 2.5-4.5 cm., petiole 1 cm.
long. Flowers and fruit as in the typical form.

PHILIPPINES MINDANAO: Tuiago, Tuhid, Placer, Prov. Surigao,
Wenzel Nos. 2680 (UC); 3048 (UC);

3474 (UC) and 3485 (UC); Prov. Suri-
gao, s.l. Ponce 25076 (A, BM, K, NY,

Ps).
DISTRIBUTION: As above.
TYPE MATERIAL: Wenzel 2680 (UC holotype).

Knema kunstleri has a wide distribution and hence is somewhat
polymorphic, especially as regards the size and shape of the
leaves. The leaves of var. kunstleri are generally elliptic or broadly
elliptic with prominent reticulations, but they vary in size and shape,
sometimes having narrow-elliptic or lanceolate leaves and some-
times a single specimen may have large and small leaves. K.
parvifolia seems to be only a depauperate form from exposed
ridges. The Surigao plants can be distinguished from typical var.
kunstleri so it seems best to give them a varietal name, var.
surigaoensis. The chief differences are the thinner, less broadly
elliptic leaves, more veins and the less distinct reticulations in var.
surigaoensis.

(18) Knema latericia Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1815;
Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 278 f. 3 and pl. TIA.

Synonyms: K. conferta (King) Warb. var. borneensis Warb.
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 580 pro parte excl. Beccari Nos. 1609;
1960 et 2482. K. elongata Warb. nom. nud. in sched. K. badia
Merr. nom. nud. in sched. K. meridionalis J. Sinclair in Gard.
Bull. Sing. 13, 2 (1951) 297 f. 1. M. conferta King var. borneensis
(Warb.) Boerl. Hand]. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 91 nom. alt.
Myristica ridleyi Gandoger in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66 (1919)
226 in clavi. .

238

3

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. 14. Knema kunstleri (King) Warb. var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair.

A, twig with male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C, staminal column.
aa Se A-—C from Wenzel 2680 (UC holotype). D from Ponce
5076 (A).

239

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. latericia—Fig. 15B, F & G.

INDO-
CHINA CENTRAL
VIETNAM
(ANNAM):

SUMATRA BANKA:
MALAY PENINSULA:
BORNEO SARAWAE:

BRUNEI:

SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO:

EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO:

BRITISH NorTH
BORNEO:

Mt Bana, Tourane, Clemens 17th Aug.,
1927 (UC).

Djebus, H.B. 3484 (BO); G. Mangkol,
Kostermans & Anta 691 (BO).

Kedah, Perak, Johore, Singapore. For list
see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 280.
Mt Matang, Beccari Nos. 2003 (FI, K, P)
and 2523 (FI); Mt Poi (Gunong Pueh)
Clemens Nos. 20086 (K, NY) and 20346
(NY, SAR); Purseglove 4680 (A, K, L,

LAE, SAR, SING); Baram, Haviland
3307 (K, SAR); sl, Native Collector
2483 (A, K, PNH); R. Jalan, Usun Apau,
Pickles SAR 3850 (SAR, SING).

Andulau F.R., Anderson SAR 4946
(BRUN, SAR).

Sampit Region near Kuala Kuajan, Koster-
mans 7964 (K, L).

S.l., Korthals s.n. (CAL, L) two sheets
in L and one has K. korthalsii also
mounted on it; Bukit Kasian, Amdjah
191 (BO); West Kutei, No. 36 near L.
Petah, Endert 3178 (A, BO, K, L) and
3342 (BO, K, L); Sg. Menubar region,
E. Kutei, Kostermans 5233 (BO, K, L,
PNH); Sg. Susuk region, Kostermans
5449 (BO, L); Teputsey, Jaheri 914 (BC);
Peak of Balikpapan, Kostermans 7396
(BO, L); foot of Mt LIlas Bungaan,
Berouw, Kostermans 13721 (BO, K, L).

S.l., Agama Nos. 411 (K, US); 542 (A,
K, PNH) and 556 (P); Villamil 241 (A,
BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING, US);
Tawau, Elmer 20809 (A, BM, BO, BR,
C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, S. SING, U. UG);
Marutai, Tawau, Tandom 1796 (K, L);
Sub-Cpt. 13, Cpt. 2, Bombay-Burmah
Trading Corp. Concession, Kalabakan,
30 mls. W.N.W. of Tawau, Wood A3957
(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Masali, Lahad
Datu, Fabia A4003 (K, KEP, L, PNH,
SAN, SING); Kinabatangan, Evangilista
878 (A, NY); Batu Puteh, Kinabatangan,
Md. Maidin 1737 (K, L); Kabili-Sepilok
F.R., Castro 4503 (BO, CANB, K, L,
PNH, SING, US); Enchai and Enggoh
Nos. 9394 (K, L) and 44569 (KEP);
Enggoh 7250 (K, L, PNH, SING);
Onggib Nos. 9395 (K, L,) and 44570
(KEP); Otik 4913 (K, L, SING); Cpt.

240

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

albifolia J. Sinclair and

Fig. 15. Knema latericia Elmer vars. latericia,

lunduensis J. Sinclair.
A, twig of var. lunduensis. B, leaf of var. latericia for comparison. C,

241

latericia for comparison. E, hair from fruit of var. /unduensis. G,
hair from fruit of var. latericia, same scale. A from Sinclair 10375
(SING). B, F and G from Enggoh 7250 (SING). C from Elmer

leaf of var. albifolia. D, fruit of var. Junduensis. F, fruit of var.
20895 (SING). D and E from Sinclair 10360 (SING).

LABUAN:
P. LAUT:

PHILIPPINES PaLawan:

DISTRIBUTION:
TYPE MATERIAL:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

14 Sepilok F.R., Wood Nos. A1996 (K,
KEP, L, SAN, SING) and SAN 15382
(BO, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 10, Wood &
Charrington SAN 16515 (K, KEP, L,
SAN, SING); Sapagaya F.R., Sator 815
(A, NY); mile 74, Block 1, B.N.B.
Timber Co. Concession, Lungmanis, 25
mls. S.W. of Sandakan, Wood A2917
(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Batu Lapan,
Sandakan, Puasa 2256 (D. D. Wood)
(BO, UC); Kundasan, 10 mls. W. of
Ranau, Wood & Kapis b. Sisiron SAN
15293 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Tenom-
pok, Clemens 28325 (A, BO, G, K, L,
NY, UC); Gurulau, Upper Kinabalu,
Clemens 50433 (A, G, K, UC); Mt
Sidungol, Keith Nos. 9284 (K, SING)
and 44481 (KEP); Payo River, Allen 625
(A, SING) on the A sheet also mounted
K. cinerea var. sumatrana; Semawang
River, Pascual 1081 (A, NY); Ulu Sipi-
tang, 5 mls. E. of Sipitang, Wood SAN
16918 (BO, K, KEP, L, SAN, SING);
and west ridge of G. Lumaku, 10 mls.
S.S.E. of Malaman, Wood SAN 16709
(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Subak, Arsat
1065 (NY, US).

Motley 113 (K).
Sungei Paring, Verhoef 78 (BO, L, NY).
S.1., Agama 21612 (K, P, US); Sagpanfgan,

Aborlan, Celestino & Ramos 23062 (K,
L, PNH); Victoria Mts, Edario 14233
(L, PNH); Panacan, Aborlan, Victoria
Mts, M.D. Sulit 12456 (L, PNH); banks
of the Iwahig River, Mt Pulgar, Elmer
12757 (A, BM, BO, BRSL, CAL, E, G,
K, L, LE, NSW, NY, P, U, US).

Central Vietnam, Banka, Malay Peninsula,

Borneo, Philippines (Palawan).

Knema latericia Elmer, Elmer 12757 (A,

BM, BO, BRSL, CAL, E, G, K, L, LE,
NSW, NY, P, U, US). K. badia Merr.,
Agama 21612 (K, P, US). K. elongata
Warb., Korthals (10) (L). K. meri-
dionalis Sinclair, Sinclair S.F.N. 3856]
(K, SING holotype). M. ridleyi Gan-
doger, Ridley s.l., date 1898 (LY).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Tambalau (Tagb.) Philippines.
Not one of the numbers quoted by Warburg under the descrip-

tion of K. conferta var. borneensis Warb. can be identified with
conferta. Four of the numbers are K. latericia, Beccari 2003 and
2523 being var. latericia, while Beccari 1594 and /618 are var.
albifolia. Beccari 1609 and 2482 are cinerea var. rubens while
Beccari 1815 and 1960 are K. communis. Elmer 21040 and 21409
were wrongly identified by Merrill [see Pl. Elm. Borneensis (1920)
74 as K. conferta var. borneensis]. They are latericia var.
albifolia.

242

Vol. XVII. (1961).

var. albifolia J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 15C.

A typo foliis angustioribus, supra pallidioribus, subtus albidis,
nervis costaque utrinque pallidioribus differt.

Leaves 11—22 cm. long, average 17 cm., 2-5 cm. broad, average
3 cm., often slightly falcate, acute at the apex and base, drying
pale yellowish-green above and white beneath with the nerves and
midrib pale or whitish on both surfaces, less often pale brown.
Flowers and fruit usually with paler tomentum.

BORNEO SarRAwWaAK:

EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO:

BRITISH NORTH
BORNEO:

PULAU
NUNUKAN:

DISTRIBUTION:
TYPE MATERIAL:

Mi Matang, Beccari Nos. 1594 (FI) and

1618 (FI, K); left bank of Rejang River,
10 km. below Belaga, near airfield,
Segaham Range, M. Jacobs Nos. 5355
(CANB, L, SAR, SING); 5356 (CANB,
L, SAR, SING) and 5393 (CANB, L,
SAR).

West Kutei, Endert 2434 (A, BO, K, L,

SING); No. 43, Kombeng, W. Kutei,
Endert 5113 (BO, L); Sg. Bai, East
Kutei, bb Nos. 14871 (BO) and 14872
(BO); Sungei Susuk, Region, E. Kutei
Kostermans 5690 (BO, K, L); Mentawir
River basin, Balikpapan, Sauveur Nos.
111 (L) and 112 (K, L); Lelebulan
Teputsey, Jaheri 927 (BO).

Tawau, Elmer Nos. 20895 (A, BM, BO,

BRC, G, K, L, M, NY, P- PNG, S,
SING, U, UC); 21040 (A, BM, BO, BR,
C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, S, SING, U, UC);
21409 (A, BM, BO, BR, C, G, K, L, M,
NY, P, S, SING, U, UC) and 2/410
(BO); 5 mls. north of Kinabatangan
River at Bukit Garam (1 ml. east of
Lamag, B. B. T. Co. Concession) Wood
A4665 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Lagsikan
F.R., Sandakan, Bukah A3433 (K. KEP.
L, SAN, SING); Kretam, Elopura,
Sandakan, Patrick Ping Sam A1883 (K,
KEP, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 16 Sepilok
F.R., Sinclair 9296 (A, B, E, K, L, M,
P, PNH, SAN, SING); Cpt. 14, Wood
SAN 15394 (K, L, SAN, SING).

Paymans 83 (BO, K, L).
Borneo.
Sinclair 9296 (A, B, E, K holotype, L, M,

P, PNH, SAN, SING).

Distinguished from the typical form by the narrower leaves,
average breadth 3 cm. and by their paler colour. The midrib and
nerves and the flowers and fruits too, are paler, not the dark

reddish-brown of the type.

243

Gardens Bulletin, S-

var. lunduensis J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 15 A, D & E.

A K. latericia var. latericia ramis, ramulis (his apice crassioribus)
et foliis paucioribus, foliis majoribus, basi plerumque rotundatis
raro sub-cordatis, fructibus majoribus cum pilis longioribus differt.

Arbor 3-6 m. alta. Ramuli apice 4-5 mm. crassi, ferrugineo-
tomentosi. Folia supra atro-viridia nitida, subtus glauca; 17-50
cm. longa (vulgo 25 cm.), 5-20 cm. lata (vulgo 10 cm.); costa
supra albido-viridis, subtus flavido-viridis. Fructus 3-3.5 cm.
longus, 2.5 cm. latus, cum pilis dendroideis 1.5-2 mm. longis.

Tree smaller in stature than typical latericia with fewer branches.
Twigs thicker at the apex. Leaves larger and fewer, not unlike those
of K. furfuracea but not cordate at the base (occasionally sub-
cordate in the larger ones). Fruit larger than that of var. latericia
with longer hairs.

BORNEO Sarawak: Gunong Gading, Lundu, ist Division,
Purseglove 4549 (A, E, K, L, SING);
Sinclair Nos. 10360 (E, K, SAR, SING);
10375 (A, B, E, K, L, SAR, SING) and
10381 (A, E, K_ holotype, L, SAR,
SING); Gunong Pueh (Poi), Purseglove

4674 (A, K, L, SAR, SING); Bukit
Mayeng, Tau Range, Purseglove 5367

(SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak) endemic.

TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair 10381 (A, E, K holotype, L, SAR,
SING).

This tree is fairly common in deep shade on Gunong Gading.
I did not first recognize it as a distinct variety until I saw it in
the field. One may mistake it for K. furfuracea on account of
its larger leaves, but these are not deeply cordate at the base as
in that species. They are mostly rounded or occasionally sub-
cordate. Further the fruit has much longer tomentum. It is in-
teresting to note that Gunong ‘Gading, G. Pueh and the Tau
Range are composed of Tertiary granitic rocks and have probably
not been inundated since that period. Other areas in Sarawak,
composed of older, sandstone rocks, have been covered with
water.

(19) Knema latifolia Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 610 t. 25 f.
12:

Synonyms: K. umbellata Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 609
—syn. nov. K. nitida Merr. in J. As. Soc. Str. Br. 85 (1922)
190—syn. nov. K. winkleri Merr. in J. As. Soc. Str. Br. 85 (1922)
189—syn. noy. Myristica umbellata (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. FI.
Ned. Ind. 3. 1 (1900) 92 nom. alt.—Fig. 16.

244

a

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

— ay

Oo
DAS

WK

S

eee,

yy
Vd

i AL
SU Ay

VE
=
wy
LNA]
fa Y
Sa
SR
Ss

lt
TOR)

H
ral

im Wee

at.
>
\\
uly! UD
a8
a
nal
feel
mi
ay
i
WP

IY
KS

b'

RS
Ro
RAS

ee

Ks

3cm

‘

Fig. 16. Knema latifolia Warb.

>

967

male flowers. D

male flower enlarged. E-F, staminal column. A from Main ?

A, twig with leaves and fruit. B, female flowers. C,

(A). B from Ramos 1278 (SING). C—F from Valera 1858 (PNH).

245

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 6-10 m. high with a cylindrical or pyramidal crown. Bark
grey, brittle, nearly smooth, peeling in thin narrow strips but
not furrowed or striate; sap red, copious. Twigs brown, glabrous,
nearly smooth with some lenticels at the apex, rough and striate
lower down. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, very glossy above,
even when dry, dark brown or with a blackish, metallic lustre,
paler brown beneath (glaucous when fresh with a yellowish green
lower midrib), oblong or elliptic-oblong, apex acute, slightly
acuminate or rounded and obtuse, base acute or rounded; nerves
12-20 pairs, distinct and raised on both surfaces as is the midrib;
reticulations distinct above, less so beneath; length 10-28 cm.;
breadth 4-12 cm.; petiole 1.5—2 cm. long. Male flowers in umbels,
rusty-tomentulose, 5-8 mm. in diam.; pedicels 5 mm. long with
a minute bracteole above the middle (less often at the base of
the perianth in immature flowers); staminal disc triangular with
3 sessile anthers, one at each angle of the disc. Female flowers
7-8 mm. long, more elongate than the male and on a 1 cm. long
pedicel; ovary rusty-tomentose with a bifid stigma. Fruit oblong,
rusty-tomentulose, becoming nearly glabrous, strongly ridged or
almost winged along the suture, 3 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad, the
base broad and the apex obtuse; stalk 1-2 cm. long and 2-3 mm.
thick.

SUMATRA PALEMBANG: §S. Rupit, Forbes 2997 (A, BM, CAL, FI,

K, L, LE, UC); S. Rawas, Forbes 3188
(BM, CAL, DD, K, L, LE).

BORNEO SaARAWAK: Matang, Beccari 1824 (FI, K) and 199/bis
(FI, K); Semengoh F.R., Sinclair 10297
(A, B, E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING); and
Asah Tree No. 883 (SAR).

BRUNEI: R. Ingei-Ulu R. Belait Watershed, Ashton
BRUN 157 (BO, BRUN, K, L, SAR,
SING).

West BorNzEO: Pulau Bukit Tekemeng, Main 2067 (A, BO,
K, L, PNH, SING).

SOUTH AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO: Hayup, Hubert Winkler 2390 (BO, G, K,
L, P, PNH, SENG).
EAST AND
NorTH-EAST
BORNEO: Loa Djanan, west of Samarinda, Koster-

mans 6713 (SING); the following five
West Kutei:—No. 24 L. Iboet, Endert
2713 (A, BO, K, L); No. 36 near L.
Iboet, Endert 3158 (A, BO, K, L, SING);
No. 19 L. Puhus, Endert Nos. 4846 (BO,
K, L) and 4889 (A, BO, K, L); Mt
Palimasan near Tabang, Belajan River,
Kostermans 12816 (K, L); E. Kutei, Sg.

246

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BRITISH NORTH
BORNEO:

PULAU
NUNUKAN:

DISTRIBUTION:
TYPE MATERIAL:

Kerajaan, north of Sangkulirang, Koster-
mans 5778 (BO, K, L, SING); Sg. Wain
region, N. of Balikpapan, Kostermans
Nos. 4301 (BO, K, L) and 4436 (BO,
K, L, P, PNH, SING); Mentawir River
region near G. Mentawir, Balikpapan
District, Kostermans 10148 (K, L) and
Sauveur 24 (L).

Lahad Datu, Pulau Keruing, Sungei Kretam

Besar, Wood A4792 (K, KEP, L, SAN.
SING); Cpt. 8, Sepilok F.R., Nicholson
& Charrington SAN 17749 (BO, L,
SING) & Nicholson & Patrick Ping Sam
SAN 17682 (BO, L, SING); Cpt. 14,
Sepilok F.R., Wood A1997 (K, KEP, L,
SAN, SING) and Cpt. 17, Kadir A988
(BO, CANB, K, KEP, SAN, SING).
the following Kabili—Sepilok F.R.,
Elopura, Enchai and Enggoh Nos. 10377
(K, L) and 49151 (KEP); Kadir F. D.
10219 (K, L); Majuyap Nos. 10169 (K,
L) and 48943 (KEP) and Valera 1858
(K, L, PNH); the following Sandakan:-—
Bettotan, Kloss S.F.N. 19186 (BO, NY,
SING, UC); Batu Lima, Ramos 1530
(A, BM, BO, BRI, K, PNH, UC, US);
Sebuga near Sandakan, Ramos Nos. 1278
(A, K, NY, SING); 1664 (A, BM, BO,
BRI, K,. L, P, UC, US); 1729 (A, BM,
BO, BRI, K, L, P, PNH, UC, US) and
1902 (A, NSW, NY); Batu Lapan, (D.
_D.-Wood) Puasa 1985 (BO, UC).

Northern part, Kostermans Nos. 8636 (BO,

K, L, SING) and 9/21 (A, BO, K, L,
SING).

Sumatra and Borneo.
K. latifolia Warb. Beccari 1991 bis (FI, K);

Forbes Nos. 2997 (A, BM, CAL, FI, K,
L, LE, UC) and 3/88 (BM, CAL, DD,
K, L, LE). K. nitida Warb., Ramos 1530
(A, BM, BRI, K, PNH holotype, UC).
K. umbellata Warb., Beccari 1824 (FI
holotype, K); K. winkleri Merr., Winkler
2390 (G, K, L, PNH holotype, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Lohi (British North Borneo).

This species is distinct from all the others in having only 3
anthers, one at each angle of the triangular staminal disc. Merrill
describes it as having 6 anthers, 2 at each angle of the disc, but
if the pollen sacs have dehisced, there is the appearance of two
anthers. Other distinctive features are the strongly ridged or almost
winged fruits on rather slender stalks and the glossy, reticulate,

247

Gardens Bulletin, S.

chocolate-brown upper surface of the dried leaves. As regards its

systematic position, there is some alliance with K. curtisii (Group

5) on account of the triangular staminal disc, the sessile anthers,

the position of the bracteole, the sessile, few-lobed stigma and the

rather similar ridged fruit. I have, however, placed it in a group
of its own (Group 6) next to curtisii on account of the reduction
in the number of anthers, in this case three only. It will be seen
that Ramos 1530 and Winkler 2390, holotypes of nitida and wink-

Jeri in PNH, collected in British North Borneo, were not destroyed

as most of the PNH types were. It seems that the specimens of

Ramos collected in North Borneo survived the fires of the 1939-45

war, but his Philippine specimens in Herb. Manila were destroyed.

I was glad to see other specimens of his in Manila from North

Borneo including some types of Annonacee, which have escaped

the conflagration. The above types of nitida and winkleri including

some Annonacee are holotypes and not merely isotypes as they
have attached manuscript drawings and descriptions in Latin and

English made by Merrill himself, accompanying the specimens.

See also under K. /aurina where the PNH duplicate of K. oblongata

Merr., collected by Ramos in N. Borneo (Ramos 1663) is a holo-

type.

(20) Knema lIaurina (Bl.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 606 t.
24 f. 1-3 [includ. vars malayana Warb.; borneensis (Miq.) Warb.;
bancana Warb. et var. amboinensis Warb. |.c. 607—syns. nov.];
Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 248: Koorders, Exkur-
sionsflora v. Java 2 (1912) 258; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924)
72; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 329 f. 19.

Basionym: Myristica laurina B\. Rumphia 1 (1835) 189 t. 61;
A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 206: de Vriese, Pl. Ind. Bat. Orientalis
(Pl. Reinwardt.) (1857) 96; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70 et
Suppl. (1861) 385; Hk.f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 112; King in Ann.
Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 319 pl. 156: Koorders et Vale-
ton, Med. Lands Pl. Tuin 17 (1896) 186. M. laurina BI. var.
amboinensis (Warb.) Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900)
92 nom. allt.

Synonyms: M. tomentosa Thunb. sensu BI. Bijdr. 2 (1825) 577
non Hk.f.et Th. M. laurina Bl. var. longifolia Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
1, 2 (1858) 71 et Suppl. 385. M. laurina Bl. var. borneensis Miq.

_in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 51. M. laurina var.
bancana (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92 nom.
alt. M. laurina Bl. var. malayana (Warb.) Boer]. Handl. FI. Ned.
Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92 nom. alt. M. cantleyi Hk.f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5
(1886) 110 non sensu King nec. aliorum. M. furfurascens
Gandoger in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66 (1919) 226 in clavi.

248

- ‘ /_+%
ec nn

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

K. conferta (King) Warb. var. tonkinensis Warb. Monog.-
Myrist. (1897) 581; Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et in
Fl. Gén. de L’Indo-Chine 5 (1914) 104—syn. nov. K. elegans
Pierre Msc.* ex Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 615; Lecomte in
Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et in Fl. Gén. L’Indo-Chine 5 (1914)
106—syn. nov. K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. nicobarica Warb.
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 596 excl. King 536—syn. nov. K.
oblongata Merr. in J. As. Soc. Str. Br. 85 (1922) 190. K. obo-
voidea Merr. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 75. K. tridac-
tyla Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 1939 No. 10 (1940) 543——syn. nov.

BURMA Lower BuRMa:

NICOBARS:

INDO-
CHINA NortTH
VIETNAM

(TONKIN) :

CENTRAL
VIETNAM

(ANNAM):

CAMBODIA:

SIAM EASTERN’
DIVISION:

SOUTH-EASTERN
DIVISION:

SOUTH-WESTERN
DIvISION:

PENINSULAR
DIvIsION:

Mergui, Lace 4801 (DD, K).
Kamphdvener 2804 (C); Kurz s.n. (BM,

CAL, MEL) and Kurz 26088 (K).

Mt Bavi, Balansa Nos. 4175 (K, P); 4176
(K, P) and 4/99 (BR, G Boiss, K, L,
Py:

Pron Sapoum, near Agricultural Station of
Blao, Prov. Haut Donnai, Poilane 23677
(P, SING); Nui Bach Ma Station, Cen-
tral Vietnam near Hue, Poilane Nos.
27815 (P, SING) and 28917 (P, SING)

nd Vidal Nos. 790 (P) and 791 (P);.
Poste 6, Prov. Quang Nam, Poilane 29454
- (P, SING); Mts of Mam Ray, Prov.
Kontum, Poilane 18219 (P, SING); Nha-
Trang, (Tourane) Clemens 3467 (A,
BM, G,-K.-P,.UC).

Mt Chereev, Prov. Somrong Tong, Pierre

5432 (BO,CAL. K, K, LE, P.)

Bukanum, Korat (= Nakawn Rachasima)
Kerr 9849 (BM).

Trad, Huay Raeng, Dong Madua, Smitinand
1357 (BKF); Nawng Kai Ploi, Sriracha,
Kerr 2120 (BM, CAL, K, L); Bandan,
Sriracha, Marcan 1386 (BM).

Kao Ri Yai, Kanburi, Kerr 10423 (BM).

_Tasan, Surat, Kloss 6936 (K); Chawng,.

Trang, Kerr 15156 (BK, BM); Klawng
Wa, Kraburi, Kerr 16326 (BM, BK);.
Kao Pawta, Chondong, Ranawng, Kerr
16818 (BK, BM); Pulau Adang, Satul,
Kerr 13990 (BK, BM).

* Myristica elegans Pierre Msc.

249

Gardens Bulletin, S.

SUMATRA s.L.: H.B. 3056 (BO).
TAPANULI: Si Hare-hare, Div. Padang Si Dimpuan,
subdiv. Padang Lawas, Rahmat Si Toroes
4413 (A, L, NY, UC, US); Si Hare-hare,
Djai, Padang Lawas, Rahmat Si Toroes
5027 (A, L, NY, UC, US).

West Coast: Pulau Pisang, Padang, Teijsmann 484 (BO,
U) and Teijsmann s.n. (K, LE); Taram,
East of Pajakumboh, River Tjampo,
Maradjo 279 (L).

East Coast: Pulau Berhala, Wyatt-Smith K.F. Nos.
76413 (KEP) and 76456 (KEP) and
v.d. Meer Mohr 82 (BO); Aer Kandis
near Rantau Parapat, Bilia, Rahmat Si
Toroes 2411 (A, NY, US); vicinity of
Lumban Ria, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea
7414 (A, US); Tor Matutuna, Asahan,
Rahmat Si Boeea 9539 (A, L); Sibolangit,
Lorzing 5538 (BO, BR, G Boiss., K. L,
P, SING, U); B. Longkat, B. Lambosa,
bb9160 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Ogan Ulu, Teijsmann 3718 (BO, CAL, U);
Rawas, Grashoff 1148 BO, L); Muara
Enim, Teijsmann 3689 (BO, U); Batu
Pantjeh, Musi, Forbes 2683 (A, BM, FI,
i, LE; P, SING):

LAMPONG: Kotta Djawa, Forbes Nos. 1306 (BM, CAL,
LE) and 1409 (A, BM, CAL, FI, L, LE,
P, SING).

PULAU
SIMALUR: Achmad Nos. 63 (BO, L); 643 (BO); 1195
(BO, CAL, L, P, SING) and 1/808 (BO,
K..1.).
PULAU
SIBERUT: Kloss S.F.N. 13092 (BO, K, SING); Iboet
178 (B, BO, K, L, SING).

PULAU
ENGGANO: Boea-boea, Liitjeharms 442] (A, BO, K,
baeP. dING, US).

BANKA: Lobok Besar, Kostermans & Andong 5 (BO,
K, L, P, PNH) and Kostermans & Anta
118] (BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING); Sungei
Liat, Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

BILLITON: Tanjong Pandan, Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: All provinces except Perlis and Prov.
Wellesley. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing.
16 (1958) 331. Additional records:—
Pulau Jarak, Wyatt-Smith K.F. Nos 76413
(KEP) and 76456 (KEP).

JAVA S.L.: Blume s.n. (A, BR, K, L, MEL, NY, -P,
PDA, S) as M. laurina; Blume 24 (CAL);
Blume 54 (L) as M. tomentosa; Blume
1629 (L) as M. laurifolia Bl. nom. nud.;
Blume s.n. (L, NY) as M. tomentosa;
Hasselt s.n. (L); Horsfield 1 bis (BM,

250

a eth 7 _
an tl

+i abel

Vol. XVII. (1961).

WEST Java:

Mp Java:

CGE, K); Junghuhn s.n. (L, U); 56 (K);
57 (L); 560 (K, L); 716 (L); Junghuhn.
date 1855 (LY); Kollmann, date 1838
(NY); Kuntze 4996 (NY); Teijsmann
& de Vriese, date 1859-1860 (L); de
Vriese 47 (L); de Vriese sn. (CAL , K);
Zollinger Nos. 825 (FI); 996 (A, CAL,.
FI, G & Prodr., K, L, LE, P) and 998
(G. Boiss.).

Tjimara, Udjong Kulon, Koorders 5260

(BO, CAL, L); Pasir Orai, Kosala,
Bantam, Forbes 295 (BO, CAL); Zibadui,
Kosala, Forbes 545a (BM, BO, CAL,
FI, LE); Lebak, Bantam, Kohl & Hasselt
s.n. (L); Bantam, Spanoghe s.n. (L);
G. Angsana, Djaunga, Backer 10022
(BO); Pasir Tjihidung, Batavia, Dakus
205 (BO, BRI, L, U); Djasinga Estate,
Dungun Iwul, v. Steenis 11200 (A, BO,
L, SING); the following Depok:—

Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 896 (BO); Hallier,
‘Ist Sept., 1896 (BO, K, L, U); Hildebrand

8 (BO); Koorders Nos. 24031 (BO, L);
31018 (BO, U); 33419 (BO, L); 3344]
(BO, K, SING); 40511 (BO); 42239
(BO) and 42783 (BO); Drs. V. Leeuwen
& J. J. Smith 545 (BO); Nature Reserve,
Depok, v. Steenis Nos. 2842 (BO); 12614
(BO); 12615 (A, BO, K, L, SING) and
Soegandiredja 274 (BO, L, SING); near
Depok, Schiffner 1980 (L); east of
Depok, Backer No. 23197 (BO); Tiji
Lodong, east of Depok, Backer 31193
(BO). The following three Bogor:—

‘ West of Sodeng, Djambu, Backer 23135

(BO); G. Andan, Bakhuizen v.d. Brink
5287 (BO, L) & G. Wiru, Bakh. v.d.
Brink 7793 (BO). The following four
Tjampea, G. Tjibodas:—Bijhouwer 268
(BO); Hallier 766 (A, BO, G Boiss., K,.
L, P, SING, U, W); Drs. v. Leeuwen
2285 (BO) and v. Steenis 654 (BO);
G. Tjiputi, Tjampea, Bakh. v.d. Brink
4208 (BO, K, L, P, UC); G. Parungpung,
Bakh. v.d. Brink Nos. 613 (U) and 4178
(BO, L, SING); Pelabuanratu, Preanger,
Koorders Nos. 5250 (BO, L,) and 525]
(BO, K, P); Lengkong, Drs. v. Leeuwen
2873 (BO, SING); Sukabumi, Koorders
5256 (BO); Biak Denu, Tijipatudja,
Backer 8835 (BO, SING).

Madjenang, Backer 18581 (BO); Prin-

gombo, Banjumas, Koorders Nos. 5274
(BO); 5275 (BO, K, UC); 1197 (BO,
K, L,); 33939 (BO) and 37501 (BO, P);
Sempor, Gombong, Kedu, Brinkman 760
(A, BO, K); Wonosobo, Trimuljo, Ja
2502 (A, BO, L).

251

Nusa
KAMBANGAN:

BORNEO SARAWAK:

BRUNEI:

WEsT BORNEO:

SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO:

EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO:

BRITISH NORTH
BORNEO:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Koorders Nos. 5277 (BO, L); 5280 (BO,
K, L); 26936 (BO, K, L, SING) and
26942 (BO, K, L, P); K. Babakan,
Kostermans & v. Woerden 85 (BO).

Matang, Beccari 1546 (FI, G, K, M, P, S);

aviland 634 (K) and Hullett 793 (SAR,

NG); Lio Matu, Upper Baram,
Moulton S.F.N. 6722 (BO, K, PNH,
SING); R. Kenaban, Upper Plieran,
Pickles SAR Nos. 3405 (SAR, SING)
and 3477 (SAR, SING) and SAR 361]
SAR, SING); near Long Kapa, Mt Dulit
(Ulu Tinjar) 4th Division, Richards
1220 (A, K, SING).

B. Mering F.R., Sow K.F.N. 80161 (BO,
K, KEP, L, SING); Kuala Belalong,
Temburong, Ashton, Smythies & Wood
SAN 17085 (BRUN, L, SAN, SING).

Batu Ampat, Pontianak, bb13727 (BO);
Pulau Lemukutan, Hallier 323 (BO, L)
and another collection Hallier 323 as
cinerea var. sumatrana; Sungei Sambas,
Hallier 1084 (BO, SING).

Gunong Sakumbang, Korthals s.n. (L, LE.
U); G. Pamatton, Korthals (25) (CAL,
K, MEL, S, VU).

West Kutei, No. 12, Lihan Batu Beng,
Endert 2281 (A, BO, K, L): No. 19, L,
Puhus, Endert Nos. 2436 (BO, K, L, P,
PNH, SING) and 4932 (A, BO, K, L,
SING); Segoi River, Kostermans 9667
(K, L); P. Sangkulirang, E. Kutei,
Kostermans 4831 (BO, K, L, P, PNH.
SING); Peak of Balikpapan, Kostermans
7367 BO, K, L).

Sebatik Island, St. Lucia, Tawau, Cuadra
A2407 (K, KEP, L, SAN, SING);
Tawau, Elmer 21017 (A, BM, BO, BR,
C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING, U,
UC); Batu Mapan, Tawau, Maidin 4145
(K, L, SAN); G. Magdalen, Tawau,
Kapis & Michael Wong, SAN 17260 (L);
Pulau Keruing, S. Kretam Besar, Lahad
Datu, Wood A4787 (KEP, L, SAN,
SING); Kretam Jungle, Mendoza 429]
(K, KEP, SAN); Kinabatangan, Evan-
gilista 949 (A, NY); the following Sepilok
Forest:— Cpt. 9, Melegrito A4247 (K,
KEP, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 10, Wood

252

’
:

Vol. XVII. (1961).

NATUNA
ISLANDS:

KARIMATA
ISLANDS:

PULAU

NUNUKAN:

CULTIVATED:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

SAN 16012 (KEP, L, SING); Cpt. 13,
Sinclair 9291 (A, B, E, K, L, M, SAN,
SING); Segaluid, Elopura, Sandakan,
Cuadra 1110 (BO, K, KEP, PNH, SAN,
SING, US); Bettotan near Sandakan,
Kloss S.F.N. 19002 (BO, BRI, NY,
SING, UC) and Valera 3816 (K, L); Batu
Lima, Sandakan and vicinity, Ramos 1433
(A, K, L, P, PNH, US); Sibaguey, San-
dakan, Ramos 1663 (A, BM, BO, BRI,
K, L, PNH, UC, US); Sandakan, Ramos
1721 (A, K, L, US) and 1757 (A, BM,
BO, L, NY, NSW, US) and Agama 1003
(A, K, L); Gompa, Kudat, Balajadia
4054 (K, SING); Ranau-Poring Road,
4th mile, Sinclair 9282 (L, SAN, SING);
Bukit Tenom, 2mls. West of Tenom,
Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4400 (KEP, L,
SAN, SING); 6 mls. S.S.E of Malaman,
Sipitang, Wood SAN 16815 (KEP, L,
SAN, SING); Tambunan, Wood &
Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 80439 (KEP, SAN,
SING).

P. Bunguran, G. Ranai, v. Steenis 1349 (B,.
BO, L, SING).

P. Karimata Besar, Mondi 205 (BO, K, L,
SING, U). 2

Northern part, Kostermans Nos. 8903 (BO,
K, L, P, SING); 8948 (BO, K, L, SING)
and 8950 (BO); W. Meijer Nos. 2081

i tBo. 1); 2094 (BO, K, L); 2/61 (BO,
K, L, SING) and 2/84 (BO, K, L, P,
PNH, SING); Paymans 52 (K, L).

All cultivated in Hort. Bog. Beccari
Nos. 7778 (FI); 7778a (FI) and 7779
(FI) as K. laurina; origin Banka, Beccari
7780 = 632 (FI) as K. laurina var.
bancana = (K. candollei Warb. nom.
nud.); Beccari Nos. 7781 (F1) and 778la
(FI) as K. laurina; Beccari s.n. (FI);
7782 (FI) and 7782a (FI) as K. laurina
var. amboinensis Warb., origin cannot
be Ambon as stated but is probably
Banka; Teijsmann, date 1867 (MEL);
Warburg Nos. 1738 (L, LE, M) and
2499 (C, G Boiss.).

Lower Burma (Mergui), Nicobars, Indo-
China, Siam, Sumatra including Banka
and Billiton, Malay Peninsula, _Java
except East Java, Borneo.

Myristica laurina Bl., Java and Nusa
Kambangan, Blume s.n. (A, BR, CAL as
24, K, L, MEL, NY, P, PDA, S). K.

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

laurina (Bl.) Warb. var. amboinensis
Warb. Cult. Hort. Bog. (origin cannot be
Ambon as stated), Beccari s.n. (FI holo-
type); Beccari 7782 (FI) and 7782a (FI)
the numbered specimens must be part
of the type collection but Beccari s.n.
quoted by Warb. and having the words
K. laurina var. amboinensis written on
it is the actual holotype. Var. bancana
Warb. Beccari 7780 = 632 (FI) = K.
candollei Warb. nom. nud.). M. laurina
var. borneensis Mig. Sakumbang, Kor-
thals s.n. (L, LE, U) and Pamatton,
Korthals s.n. (CAL as 25, K, MEL,
S, U). M. laurina var. longifolia Miq.,
Pulau Pisang, Sumatra, Teijsmann s.n.
(K, LE) and Teijsmann 484 (BO, U),
this is probably all one collection. Var.
malayana Warb., see the several Nos.
quoted in Warb. page 609. M. tomentosa
Thunb. sensu Bl. Java and Nusa Kam-
bangan, Blume s.n. (L, NY) and Blume
(54) (L). M. cantleyi Hk. f., Cantley
195 (K). M. furfurascens Gandoger,
Junghuhn, date 1855, Java (LY). K.
conferta (King) Warb. var tonkinensis
Warb. Balansa Nos. 4176 (K, P) and
4199 (BR, G Boiss., K, L, P). K. elegans
Pierre ex Warb., Pierre 5432 (BO, CAL,
K, LE, P holotype). K. glauca (BI.)
Warb. var. nicobarica Warb., Nicobars,
.Kurz s.n. (BM, CAL, MEL) and Kurz
26088 (K) syntypes, probably all one
collection, but excluding King 536. K.
oblongata Merr., Ramos 1663 (A, BM,
BO, BRI, K, L, PNH holotype, UC, US).
K. obovoidea Merr., Elmer 21017 (A,
BM, BO, BR, CC, 'G, Ej“, wm NYSE.
PNH, SING, U, UC). K. tridactyla
Airy Shaw, Richards 1220 (A, K holo-
type, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Luat khwai (Siam); piangu pipit (Suma-
tra); ekor andjing (Banka); sapie (Java).

I pointed out in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 332 that K. laurina
is a polymorphic species with numerous forms which grade into
each other. Had it been a species of economic value, we would
have had, through breeding and selective cultivation, many more
races and endless forms. K. oblongata and obovoidea from Borneo
have larger flowers than the Javanese, Sumatran, Malayan and
other Bornean forms but I have also united them with Jaurina as
they grade into each other. The following is an additional character
which may be useful in distinguishing sterile material of laurina
from conferta:—The apices of the twigs in Jaurina are not or very
seldom striate. They may be striate lower down in older twigs. In

254

SS re

Vol. XVII. (1961).

conferta they are usually striate at the apex as well as lower down.
Certain so-called varieties of K. laurina have been placed under
K. tomentella (see there).

After making the keys, I found that I could not separate K.
tridactyla Airy Shaw from laurina. It is represented only by a single
gathering with very young male flowers, which are exactly of the
same structure and with the same number of anthers as /Jaurina.
Here the size of the flowers is misleading, and on account of their
size, one may not at first sight see the connection between this so-
called tridactyla and laurina. (See note under immature material
in the introductory part). The leaves are narrower than in typical
laurina, but this may be due to the altitude and the habitat for
tridactyla was collected on a ridge 300 m. high on Mt Dulit in
Sarawak by Richards.—Richards 1200 (A, K, SING). It is connect-
ed by a series of intermediate forms to typical laurina and the
whole resemblance will be much clearer when these are examined.
It also resembles K. globularia because of its narrow leaves, but
that species has glabrous leaves and does not occur in Borneo.

The intermediate forms are as follows:—

(1) Wood & Wyait-Smith SAN 4400—almost typical laurina
with leaves dull above, but reticulations fainter than in
laurina.

(2) Cuadra Al100—nearly typical laurina except that the
leaves are glossy above and the reticulations are fainter.

(3) Pickles SAR 3477—large leaves with an acute base, upper
surface slightly glossy, reticulations faint; lower surface
ashy-grey, (i.e. of the same colour as tridactyla) and
sparsely tomentose.

(4) Endert 4932—leaves narrower than in Jlaurina; glossy
above with faint reticulations, tomentum sparse, base
generally acute. Here there is a closer approach to
tridactyla.

(5) Wood & Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 80439—very similar to tri-
dactyla. I had already named it tridactyla. The leaves
are glossy above with faint reticulations and sparse
tomentum, about the same width as tridactyla, but not
so long. A few of them are about the same size as the
smallest leaves of tridactyla. The flowers are those of
typical Jaurina, larger than those of immature tridactyla,
but still not quite mature. Of this series (4) and (5) are
closest to tridactyla especially (5), while (1) is closest to
laurina.

255

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(21) Knema linifolia (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 558
te Oe

Basionym: Myristica linifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 847.

Synonyms: M. longifolia Wall. ex Blume, Rumphia 1 (1835)
188; Hk.f.et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 156 (excl. sp. malayan.=K.
furfuracea); A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 204 excl. sp. malayan.; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 excl. sp. malayan.; Hk.f.et Th. FA.
Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110 excl. var. erratica; Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma
(1877) 283; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timbers (1881) 314; Clarke,
“Plants of Kohima in Muneypore”, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 25
(1889) 62; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 324 pl.
164 and 166. M. clarkeana King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.
3 (1891) 325 pl. 165. K. linifolia var. clarkeana (King) Warb.
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 561.—syn. noy.—Fig. 17.

Tree 10—20 m. high. Bark rough, greyish-brown with horizontal
wrinkles and light vertical fissures; sap red. Twigs rusty-tomen-
tulose at the apex, lower down striate, glabrous and pale grey, bark
not cracking. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or
occasionally oblong-elliptic, glabrous and shining above, somewhat
glaucous beneath, apex acute, base acute, rounded or sub-cordate;
main nerves 25-35 pairs, prominent on both surfaces; reticulations
distinct on both surfaces; length 15-40 cm.: breadth 7-13 cm.;
petiole 1.5—2 cm. long. Male flowers obovoid or pyriform, tomen-
tose outside, red inside, 7 mm.—1 cm. long and 5—6 mm. broad, the
perianth segments thickened at the tips inside; pedicels 1.2—1.5
cm. long with the bracteole median or below the middle, occasion-
ally at the base of the flower; disc flat with 13-18 sessile anthers;
stalk of disc 3.5 mm. long, striate. Female flowers 6 mm. long with
shorter, 5-6 mm. long pedicels; ovary broadly ovate, rusty-tomen-
tose, 3 mm. long, tapering into a short, 1.5 mm. long style; stigma
bi-lobed. Fruit solitary or in clusters of 2-3, ellipsoid or ovoid,
very shortly stalked or sessile, rusty-tomentulose to tomentose, 2.5—
3.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. broad.

INDIA s.L.: Griffith 282 (A).
BENGAL: N. Bengal, Topgow, K. Biswas 2064 (A);
Jalpaiguri, Tondu, Duars, Haines 443
(CAL, DD, E, K).
SIKKIM (EAST
HIMALAYA): Jerai, Dulkahar, Darjeeling, Gamble Nos.
483b (DD); 483d (BM, K) and 483g
(DD); the remainder Sikkim:—King
Nos. 2346 (CAL) and 5084 (LE) and
date 1878 (BM, CAL, DD); Thomson,

256

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. 17. Knema linifolia (Roxb.) Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C_D,
staminal column. E, fruit. F, female flower enlarged. G, ovary and
stigmas. A~D from Wallich 6801 (W). E from Maung Ba Pe 11678
(DD). F-G from Roger 816 (DD).

257

EAST

PAKISTAN East

ASSAM:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

date 1857 (K); Kalijhora, Ribu &
Rhomoo 4087 (CAL); Birick, Cave, Ist
May, 1912 (E); Tista, Cave 19th April,
1916 (E); Mongpu, Cave, 19th May,
1917 (E); Clarke 36267 (CAL).

S.l., Griffith s.n. (CAL, K, LE, P); Jenkins

sn. (BO, CAL, DD, EK; i ae
PDA); Masters 1400 (CAL, L) and
Masters (Herb. Pierre 5461) (P); Prain
s.n. (CAL); Simmons s.n. (DD); Garo
Hills, Jura Peak, Mann, Dec. 1885 (CAL,
PDA); the following 7 Khasi (Khasia)
and Khasi Hills:—Hk. f. et Th. 126 (L)
and Khasia & [Chittagong] Hk. f. et Th.
s.n. (BM, CAL, CGE, E, G, K, L, LE,
M, P, W); Nungpo, Clarke 40679E (BM,
CAL, E, Fi, LE); Kurz s#. 10AL):
Coll. initials not clear 333 (CAL, LE);
Sylhet, Wall. Cat. 6801 (A, BM, BR,
CAL, CGE, DD, E, G and Prodr. &
Boiss.;, Kj. L,. LE;coM, . Pp POA. Wi:
Guliang Village, Sylhet, U. Kanjilal 4705
(CAL, DD); the following 3 Naga
Hills:—Collett 98 (CAL): Jerighat,
Jagermani 495 (A, DD) and Dandobhin
Nodu, Prain 680 (A, CAL); Sibsagar,
Peal 90 (CAL) and 142 (CAL); Dibru-
ghar, Masters 1122 (CAL); Rotung, Abor
Hills, J. -H.. Burkill. 37607 (CAL};
Manipur, K. Biswas 4987 (CAL) and
Clarke 42324A (BM, CAL, FI, LE);
Umsaw Forest, K. Biswas 3766 (CAL)
and Shri Ram, 24th April, 1935 (DD);
Lushai Hills, Prazer 7890 (CAL); 15
mls. S.E. of Lungleh, S. Lushai Hills,
Gage 152 (CAL, DD); Duffla Hills,
Lister 336 (CAL).

All Chittagong:— Hk. f. et Th. Nos. 128

(L); 566 (K); 1038 (P) and s.n. (A, C,
CAL, E,. FI; G, and Prodr.,, Ko i a
PDA, W); King Nos. 125 (L) and 4/2
(BO, DD, CAL, L, PDA); Taster 74
(CAL, L); Roxburgh 252 (BM); Main-
mukh, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Dent 94
(DD); Rangamati, Chittagong Hill
Tracts, Gamble Nos. 7940 (LE) and 794]
(CAL, DD, K, L, LE); Chittagong Hill
Tracts, King Nos. 97 (CAL, K); 496
(CAL, K) and date 1885 (FI); Lister
Nos. 47 (CAL); 382 (BM) and s.n.
(LE); near Chittagong, Cowan 2 (E);
Pharoha, Gamble Nos. 676la (DD) and
676Ic (DD); Kodala Hill, King 605 (BM,
CAL, K); Hazarikhil, Rao 5644 (DD).

258

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BURMA:

INDO-CHINA CENTRAL
VIETNAM
(ANNAM):

SIAM NorTHERN
DIVISION:

NORTH-EASTERN
DIVISION:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAMES:

USES:

S.l., Griffith 4345 (C, CAL, K, LE, M,
P, U, W) and A. Roger 816 (DD);
Taram Tam, Upper Burma, Toppin 6032
(CAL); Mawraw Chaung, Myitkyina,
Parkinson 392 (DD, K); Mamma-
Namun, Buna, Myitkyina, C. G. Rogers
826 (CAL, DD, E); near Bhamo, Katha
District, Haines, March 1915 (K); Mawlu
Chuang, Katha District, Maung Thy
2371 (DD); Arakan, Kurz s.n. (CAL);
Boronga Island, Arakan, Kurz, 10th Oct.,
1869 (K); Zalok-gyi, Pyinmana, Ba Pe
11678 (DD); Toukgeghat, Pellowa Zeuk,
Kurz Nos. 985 (CAL, M) and 2433 (L);
Karen country, Kurz 2432 (CAL) and
sn. (BO); Papun, Meebold 17027
(CAL); Thaton District, Paingkyu to
Tale, E. side of Dawna Range near Tale,
Lace 4649 (DD, E, K); Moulmein,

, Falconer 546 (CAL); Chamgbya, Am-
herst District, Parkinson 5012 (DD);
Zimba Valley, Tavoy, Parker 2237 (DD);
Kaleinaung Reserve, Zimba Chaung,
Tavoy, Ba Pe Nos. 842 (CAL, DD) and
845 (CAL); Wagon, Tenasserim, Mee-
bold 15182 (CAL).

Poste 6, Prov. Quang, Poilane 29527
(SING, P).

Mae Ang, Lampang, Winit 1577 (BKF).

Loei, Phu Krading, Samkhae, Din 204
(BKF).

India (E. Himalaya, Assam, N. Bengal),
E. Pakistan (Chittagong), Burma, Indo-
China, Siam.

Myristica linifolia Roxb. Roxburgh 252
(BM holotype). M. longifolia Wall. ex
Bl., Wall. Cat. 6801 (A, BM, BR, CAL,
CGE, DD, E, G and Prodr. and Boiss.,
K holotype, L, LE, M, P, PDA, W).
M. clarkeana King, King Nos. 97 (CAL,
K); 4/2 (BO, DD, CAL, L,. PDA); 496
(CAL, K); 605 (BM, CAL, K) and
Peel 90 (CAL).

Tagling-asing (Abor); se (Manipur); tring-
thi (Lushai); garo-bhala (Assam); dieng-
soh-langor-skri; dieng soh-slung; dieng-
tyrkhou (Khasi); duing-kim-chi-ching
(Naga); bolanchi (Garo); meik-ya-naing
(Shan States); za-deip-hpo (Burmese);
chro-ta (Annam).

Wood used for house building. Juice caustic.
Sap and smoke often produce sores.

259

Gardens Bulletin, S.

_ There is some variation in the shape and size of the leaves. They
may be acute, rounded or sub-cordate at the base. Sterile forms
with narrow leaves are often difficult to distinguish from K. erratica
which occurs in the same area. The flowers too, vary in size and
iength of pedicel. The fruit varies in indumentum from tomentulose
to tomentose. It is generally, however, tomentose. I have included
var. clarkeana in linifolia since it very similar to Roxburgh 252,
the type of the species from Chittagong.

The leaves resemble those of K. furfuracea when they are sub-
cordate, but the bark of the twigs is not fissured as in that species
and (the stigma is bi-lobed, not several-lobed.

(22) Knema malayana Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 570 t. 25 f.
1-2 [excl]. syn. K. corticosa Lour. et M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk.f.et
Th. sensu Hk.f.et Th.]; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912)
242; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69; Sinclair in Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 293 f. 9.

Synonyms: Myristica glaucescens (Jack) Hk.f.et Th. Fl. Ind. 1
(1855) 157 excl. sp. typica et incl. Griffith 4343 tantum; Hk-f. FI.
Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 111 quoad Griffith 4343, Maingay 1280 pro parte
et Maingay 1299 tantum; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.
3 (1891) 323 pl. 161 quoad Griffith 4343, Maingay 1280 pro

_ parte, Maingay 1299 et King, Wray et Ridley Nos. tantum. M.
malayana (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 91
nom. alt. )

SIAM PENINSULAR
DIVISION: Ban Bajo, Toh Moh, Pattani, Lakshnakara
754 (BK, BM).

SUMATRA East Coast: Vicinity of Huta Bagasan, Asahan, Rahmat
Si Boeea 7023 (A, US).

PALEMBANG: Banjuasin & Kubestreken, Endert J89EIP905
(BO, L); Thorenaar 189EIP1006 (BO,
L, SING); Lematang Ilir, Thorenaar
91T3P251 (BO, SING); Lematang Ilir,
G. Megang, Thorenaar T683 (BO, L).

MALAY PENINSULA: All provinces except Perlis, Penang, Prov.
Wellesley, Pahang and Negri Sembilan.
For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
294. Amend Sinclair Nos. 40280; 40368
and 40717 to K. communis. New and
first record for Kelantan:—Kampong
Gobek, Kerilla Estate, Mohd Shah &
Kadim 535 (K, L, SING).
DISTRIBUTION: Lower Siam, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula.

' TYPE MATERIAL: K. malayana Warb., Warburg’s syntypes
Wray 176; King Nos. 5706; 6128; 8541
and 1/0594; Cantley 20; Griffith 4343 but
excluding Falconer, Tenasserim, Griffith
4349 and Curtis, Penang. See Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 296.

260

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Sterile and fruiting specimens of this species may at times be
confused with K. cinerea var. patentinervia or with typical forms
of var. sumatrana. K. malayana has thinner leaves than both these
varieties. The merves are similar to those of cinerea var.
patentinervia, but not so oblique as those of var. sumatrana. The
male pedicels are longer than those of either except those of var.
patentinervia f. longipedicellata. The species is common in Malaya
but rare elsewhere and absent in Borneo.

(23) Knema mandaharan (Mig.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897)
553 t. 24; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 319 f. 16.

Basionym: Myristica mandaharan Migq. F1. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861)
384 et in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 48.

SUMATRA s.L.: Korthals s.n. (A, K, L, U); de Vriese s.n.
(A, BO, L, LE, NY, S, W); de Vriese
»(28) (CAL, L) and (66) (L).

ATJEH: Taleengon, Redelong, bb12270 (BO); Gajo
Lueus, Gunong Agosan, bb22410 (A,
BO, L); Gajolanden, from biv. 7 via Ayer
Panas to Ruma Bunder, v. Steenis 10092
(A, BO, K, L).

TAPANULI: Karohoogvlakte, bb6214 (BO, L); Sidika-
lang, Delleng, bb/5562 (BO, L).

West Coast: Sulike, Mangani, bb7430 (BO, SING);
Prov. Priaman, Diepenhorst (Teijsmann
3091) (BO, U); Nantigo near Mt Sago,
Pajukumbuh, Central Sumatra, W. Meijer
4075 (L, SING).

East Coast: Tongkoh, Karolanden, bb Nos. 6823 (BO,
“L,); 7200 (BO) and 8634 (BO); Masihi
F.R., Asahan, Krukoff 4082 (A, BO, BR,
BRI, G, L, LE, NY, SING, US); Sibo-
langit, Bander Baru, Lorzing 4585 (BO,
L).

MALAY PENINSULA: Perak, Trengganu, Johore. For list see
Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 321.

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.
TYPE MATERIAL: Diepenhorst (Teijsmann 3091) (BO, U
holotype).

K. mandaharan grows in wet and dry places in lowland forest
and up to 900 m. The specimens from the higher altitudes have
somewhat smaller and narrower leaves, often with more distinct
reticulations but otherwise there is no difference. It has not been
found in Borneo and the specimens which I quoted in Gard.
Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 321 namely Purseglove Nos. 4549 and 5367
and Wood SAN 16709 do not belong here. The first two are K.
latericia var. lunduensis and the other K. /atericia var. latericia.

261

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(24) Knema membranifolia Hubert Winkler in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
49 (1913) 368.—Fig. 18.

Tree 15-20 m. high. Bark nearly smooth, pale brown, flaking
in thin strips; sap yellowish-red. Twigs glabrous, pale grey, angled,
slender and about 2 mm. thick at the apex, stout (4-5 mm. thick)
lower down, the bark tending to crack slightly. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, glabrous, drying yellowish-green above, paler beneath,
oblong-lanceolate or less often obovate-lanceolate, apex acute or
shortly acuminate, base acute, nerves 14-16 pairs, fine and raised
on both surfaces as is the midrib, ascending gradually and
interarching near the margins; reticulations fine above, slightly
more prominent beneath, mostly scalariform, forming a lax net-
work; length 12—25 cm.; breadth 4-7 cm.; petiole 1.5-2.5 cm. long.
Male flowers numerous on tomentose, 2 mm. long tubercles;
pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long with a median bracteole; perianth
triquetrous in bud, depressed in the centre when dry, glabrous,
8 mm. in diam., split nearly half-way by the lobes, yellow outside,
pink inside; staminal disc circular, 3 mm. across, flat or slightly
convex, stalk less than 1 mm. long; anthers 18-23, elongated,
well-spaced, sessile. Female flowers unknown. Fruit obovoid,
obtuse at the apex, at first minutely furfuraceous, soon glabrous,
3-3.4 cm. long and 1.6—2 cm. broad, sessile or on a very short,
stout, 3-5 mm. long stalk.

BORNEO SARAWAK: Gunong Gading, Daud & Tachun, S.F.N.
36113, (SAR, SING); Mt Merinjak,
Sadong, Native Collector 2648 (A, K,
PNH, US).
BRUNEI: North slopes of Bukit Patoi, Temburong,
' Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17127
(BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING).

SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO: Hayup, Hubert Winkler 2460 (BM, BO,
BRSL, G, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and
2546 (BM, BO, BRSL, G, K, L, SING).
EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO: Sepaku, Balikpapan, b5b24649 (BO, L); Muan

Region near Sungei Riko, Balikpapan
Bay, Kostermans 4382 (BO, K, L, P,
PNH, SING); Sangkulirang Island, E.
Kutei, Kostermans Nos. 4854 (BO, K,
L, SING) and 4869 (BO, K, L, P, PNH,
L, SING) and 4869 (BO, K, L, P, PNH.
termans 9536 (BO, K, L).
BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO: Cpt. 15, Sepilok F.R., Wood & Kadir b.
Abdul SAN 17049 (KEP, L, SAN,
SING).
DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.

262

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

oma DEC

Fig. 18. Knema membranifolia Hubert Winkler.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged showing
staminal column. C, fruit. A~B from Winkler type material. C from
Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 36113 (SING).

263

Gardens Bulletin, S.

TYPE MATERIAL: Hubert Winkler Nos. 2460 (BM, BO, BRSL,
G, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and 2546 (BM,
BO, BRSL, G, K, L, SING) both
syntypes.

This species resembles typical K. curtisii from which it differs
in the stouter, thicker twigs with the bark tending to crack
slightly, the longer non-elliptic leaves with longer, 1.5 —2.5 cm.
long petioles and more distinct reticulations, the larger, almost
glabrous flowers, the circular staminal disc with well-spaced
anthers and in the obovoid sessile or almost sessile fruit, the
stalk when present being much shorter and thicker. The leaves
of both dry a pale green, but those of membranifolia are of a
more yellowish tinge.

(25) Knema muscosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.

Fig. 19.

Propter flores parvos, pedicellos floriferos breves, antheras
paucas (6-8), stipitatas, hanc speciem in “grege 7a” ponui. Haec
species K. tomentellae proxima floribus tomentosis. Inter
congeneres huius gregis, K. muscosa differt a K. stenophylla
reticulationibus foliorum distinctis; a K. communi et a K.
tomentella foliis juvenilibus glabris (subtus non squamosis nec
stellato-tomentellis) et ab omnibus congeneribus (K. stenophylla
excepta) foliis minoribus.

Arbor 8 m. alta. Ramuli graciles griseo-nigri glabri, apice
ferrugineo-furfuracei. Folia coriacea, glabra, lanceolata, supra
modice brunnea, subtus glauca, basi acuta, apice acuminata; 7-15
cm. longa; 2—3.5 cm. lata; costa utrinque valde prominens; nervi
10-12-jugati utrinque prominuli, graciles, marginem versus sensim
curvati; reticulationes densissimae conspicuae; petioli 1 cm. longi
setis minutis erectis nigris parce praediti Flores masculi in
alabastro obovoidei 4 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati cum pilis partim
stellatis, partim dendroideis ferrugineis; pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi,
medio bracteolati; discus staminalis planus cum stipite 0.5 mm.
longo; antherae 6—8, obtusae, stipitatae, leviter erectae. Fructus
obovoideus, ferrugineo-tomentellus, apice mucronatus, 1.8 cm.
longus, 1 cm. latus; stipes 7 mm. longus. Semen pallido-brunneum,
1.5 cm. longum, 8 mm. latum.

Tree 8 m. high. Bark characters unknown. Twigs slender,
greyish-black, glabrous except the rusty-furfuraceous tips. Leaves
coriaceous, drying medium brown above, glabrous _ beneath,
lanceolate, base acute, apex acuminate; midrib prominent on both
surfaces; nerves 10-12 pairs, fine, but rather faint on both surfaces,
curving gradually towards the margins, the line of interarching
indistinct; reticulations very close, conspicuous above and below;
length 7-15 cm.; breadth 2—3.5 cm.; petiole 1 cm. long, sparsely
covered with minute, black, erect, simple and branched hairs.

264

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Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 19. Knema muscosa J. Sinclair.
A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,
staminal column. E, fruit. A-D from Clemens 22120 (A isotype).
E from Clemens 21599 (NY).

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

Male flowers (not yet expanded) in bud ovoid, 4 mm. long and
3 mm. broad, rusty-tomentose outside, with both stellate and
dendroid hairs, glabrous and striate inside, with a thickened
tooth-like projection at the apex of each lobe; pedicels 2-3 mm.
long with a minute bracteole at the middle; staminal disc flat on
a 0.5 mm. long stalk; anthers 6-8, obtuse, shortly stalked, slightly
erect. Female flowers not seen. Fruit obovoid, rusty-tomentulose,
mucronate at the apex, 1.8 cm. long and 1 cm. broad on a 7 mm.
long stalk. Seed pale brown, 1.5 cm. long and 8 mm. broad.
BORNEO Sarawak: Mt Majau, summit (probably Mt Sengajau),
Gaat (Gat), Upper Rejang River,
Clemens Nos. 21599 (K, NY) and 22120
(A, BM, BO, K, L, NY, PNH, SAR,

SING).
DISTRIBUTION: As above.
TYPE MATERIAL: Clemens 22120 (A, BM, BO, K holotype,

L, NY, PNH, SAR, SING).

This species, so far, is known only from the moss forest of Mt
Majau. Its leaves are frequently covered with small epiphytic
mosses and hepatics. For this reason I have named it “muscosa”.
I have placed it in group 7a, where it is nearest to K. tomentella
in the similar, small, tomentose flowers with few anthers. The
flowers of the other near relatives are tomentulose, not densely
tomentose. It differs from K. tomentella and communis in the
glabrous leaves which are also smaller than in those of ail the
members of the group except stenophylla.

(26) Knema oblongifolia (King) Warb.
var. oblongifolia See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 321.

var. monticola (King) Warb. See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
323.

Note:—A specimen in the British Museum and in the University
of California, C. Boden Kloss s.n., Feb. 1912 (BM, UC) Menuang
Gasing, Ulu Langat, Selangor, bearing the name Myristica cantleyi
Hk. f. forma glabrior Ridley (a nomen nudum) was cited in a
publication by Ridley in Journ. Fed. Mal. Stat. Mus. 6 (1915)
12 as M. cantleyi Hk. f., large-leaved, nearly glabrous form. This
article was reprinted in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 41 (1913) 296 but in
none of these two publications is the actual name forma glabrior
used. I have examined this sheet and found it to be Knema
oblongifolia var. monticola (King) Warb.

(27) Knema pectinata Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 556 t. 24.

Synonym: Myristica pectinata (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned.
Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 90 nom. alt.—Fig. 20.

266

a Po

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

3cm

Fig. 20. Knema pectinata Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C, fruit.

_ A-B from Beccari 1607 (FI holotype). C from Wood SAN 16286
(SING).

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Gardens Bulletin, S-.

Tree 15 m. high. Bark greyish brown or reddish brown, hard,
a few thin large flakes and some dents here and there, where the
flakes have fallen out, otherwise smooth: sap red, fairly copious.
Twigs stout and rusty-puberulous at the apex, lower down
glabrous, and striate. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, dark green and glossy above with whitish
midrib, drying dark brown above and glaucous beneath, apex
acute or somewhat obtuse, base rounded or sub-cordate; midrib
stout, raised on both surfaces; nerves very numerous, 40-52 pairs,
parallel, nearly horizontal, interarching at the margins in a double
loop, fine above but distinct, slightly depressed, very prominent
beneath; reticulations forming a very close network on both
surfaces, but less distinct above; length 20-32 cm.; breadth 6-9
cm.; petiole stout, 1.5-2 cm. long. Male flowers on short woody
tubercles; pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long, slightly angled, minutely
pubescent with a minute bracteole at the middle or slightly above
the middle; perianth triquetrous in bud, 5-6 mm. in diam.,
minutely medium brown-tomentulose outside, whitish at the
margins, pale red and glabrous inside; staminal disc sub-concave,
1.75 mm. in diam., bearing about 14 sub-sessile anthers. Fruit
oblong, medium brown-tomentulose, flanged along the line of
suture, 3 cm. long and 1.8 cm. broad (not mature); stalk 2 mm.
long.
BORNEO SaRAwak: Ist Division:—Kuching, Beccari 1607 (FI,
G, K, M, P, S); north slopes of Mt
Penrissen, M. Jacobs 5112 (L, SAR);
Matang, Sinclair 10340 (A, B, E, K, L,

SAR, SING) alt. 1,500-2,000 ft.
BRITISH NorTH

BORNEO: Ulu Moyah, Sipitang, 8 mls. S.S.E. of
Malaman, Wood SAN 16286 (KEP, L,
SAN, SING).
DISTRIBUTION: As above.
TYPE MATERIAL: Beccari 1607 (FI holotype, G, K, M, P, S).

more numerous nerves.

This rare species is remarkable for its numerous, thick, parallel
nerves and coriaceous leaves. It may be placed in the group with
korthalsii, glomerata and woodii from which it differs in the

(28) Knema percoriacea J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 21.

Haec species inter K. furfuraceam et latericiam ponenda sed
secundae proxima accedit. A priore foliis aliquantum minoribus,
basi rotundatis vel acutis (non cordatis) florum et fructuum
tomento densiore et longiore, pedicellis floriferis brevioribus et a
latericia ramulis crassioribus, foliis magis coriaceis, floribus
majoribus cum pedicellis crassioribus, tomentum eorum longiori-
bus, antheris pluribus differt.

268

=—

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 21. Knema percoriacea J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves. B, male flowers. C, male flower enlarged. D,
staminal column. E, female flowers. F, female flower enlarged. G,
ovary with stigmas. H, fruit. I, hair from C enlarged. A from
Kostermans 9945 (L.) B—D from Ashton BRUN 5164 (SING).
E-G from Kostermans 4164 (L). H from Winkler 2110 (L).

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Gardens Bulletin, S-

Arbor 5-22 m. alta. Cortex fuscus, longitudinaliter striatus,
non abscidens; latex ruber. Ramuli apice ferrugineo-tomentosi,
in partibus vetustioribus decorticantes brunnei vel griseo-brunnei.
Folia coriacea, supra atro-viridia nitida (in sicco olivacea)
lanceolata, apice acuta vel rotundata, 13-32 cm. longa, 3-7 cm.
lata; petioli 1-1.5 cm. longi; costa supra albida, subtus flavido-
Viridis, utrinque elevata; nervi 18-22-jugati distinctae; reticula-
tiones prominentes, subtus plerumque scalariformes. Flores masculi
globosi fasciculati, per fasciculum 10-12 dispositi, ferrugineo-
tomentosi, 5-6 mm. in diam. (nondum aperti) cum pilis dendroideis
1-2 mm. longis; perianthii lobi intus infra apicem incrassati;
pedicelli crassi, 3 mm. longi, medio bracteolati; discus staminalis
triangularis, antheris 14-17 obtusis sessilibus coronatus. Flores
feminei ut in masculis sed multo majores, 8-9 mm. longi, 7 mm.
lati; pedicelli 4 mm. longi et crassi; ovarium sub-globosum, dense
tomentosum, 5 mm. in diam.; stigma in + 10 lobos fissum.
Fructus sessilis, oblongo-ellipsoideus, dense ferrugineo-tomentosus,
3 cm. longus, 2 cm. latus.

Tree 5—22 m. high. Bark dark reddish brown, longitudinally striate
but not flaking; sap red. Twigs rusty-tomentose at the apex, greyish
brown with flaking bark in the older portions. Leaves coriaceous,
dark green and glossy above with whitish midrib, olivaceous
when dry, glaucous beneath with yellowish green midrib,
lanceolate, apex acute, base acute or rounded; midrib raised above
and below; nerves 18-22 pairs, distinct on both surfaces; reticula-
tions also distinct on both surfaces, mostly scalariform beneath;
length 13-32 cm.; breadth 3—7 cm.; petiole stout, 1-1.5 cm. long.
Male flowers compact, in clusters of 10-12, rusty-tomentose with
1-2 mm. long dendroid hairs, sub-globose in bud, 5-6 mm. in
diam. (not quite mature); perianth lobes coriaceous, thickened
inside below the apex: pedicels stout, 3 mm. long with a median
bracteole; staminal column triangular with 14-17 obtuse. sessile
anthers. Female flowers as in the male but much larger, 8-9 mm.
long and 7 mm. broad; pedicels 4 mm. long and 4 mm. thick;
ovary sub-globose, densely tomentose, 5 mm. in diam.; stigma
lobes about 10. Fruit sessile, densely rusty-tomentose with dendroid
hairs, oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad.

BORNEO SaRAWAK: Gunong Gaharu, Sinclair 10244 (A, B, E,

_ K, L, SAR, SING); Kapit, Upper Rejang
River, Clemens 21209 (K, NY, SAR).

BRUNEI: Berakas, Ashton 5164 (BRUN, L, SAR,
SING); Kuala Belalong, Temburong,
Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17080
(BRUN, K, L, SING).

West Borneo: Simpang, Djerungkong, bb8319 (BO).

270

Vol. XVII, (1961).

SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO:
SOUTH AND Hayup, Hubert Winkler 2110 (BO, BRSL,
EAST AND
NORTH-EAStf
BORNEO: Loa Djanan, west of Samarinda, Koster-
mans Nos. 6731 (BO, K, L); 9880 (BO,
K, L) and 9945 (BO, K, L, SING);
Sungei Wain, north of Balikpapan, bb
Nos. 34455 (BO, L); 34467 (BO, L);
and 34469 (BO, K, L); Kostermans Nos.
4060 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); 4/64
(BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and
4535 (BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING); Men-
tawir River basin, Sauveur Nos. 17 (BO,
K, L, P, SING) and /22 (BO, K, L).

BRITISH NorTH

BORNEO: Ulu Mendalong, 6 miles S.S.E. of Malaman,
Sipitang, Wood SAN 16749 (K, L, SAN,
SING).
PULAU
NUNUKAN: bb26185 (BO, L).
DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Kostermans 9945 (BO, K_ holotype, L,
SING).

This species:is somewhat intermediate between K. furfuracea
and /atericia and one may have some difficulty in distinguishing
it from either when sterile. It differs from typical Jatericia in the
rigidly coriaceous leaves and in the thicker twigs, the latter 4-6
mm. thick at the apex as against 2-3 mm. in Jatericia. In this
respect its twigs are like those of furfuracea, while the leaves, also
somewhat similar, are slightly smaller than those of that species
and are not cordate at the base. The flowers, male and female,
are larger than those of latericia (about 4 times) and the similar
dendroid hairs of their tomentum are longer, 1-2 mm. long as
against 0.25-0.5 mm. in latericia. The tomentum of the flowers
and fruits is also longer than that of furfuracea and does not tend
to get rubbed off as in that species. The flowering pedicels are
thicker and shorter than those of both Jatericia and furfuracea. The
anthers too, (a good criterion for separation) are more numerous,
14-17, as against 9-12 and 10-13 in /atericia and furfuracea respec-
tively. |

I had intended to make percoriacea a variety of latericia but I
saw a tree of the former in Sarawak and the bark of the main
trunk was entirely different—longitudinally striate and not flaking
as in latericia. The bark of the twigs, however, is flaky like that
of latericia. The different bark of the main trunk and the rather
numerous other differences justify, in my opinion, the raising of
its rank to that of a species.

271

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(29) Knema plumulosa J. Sinclair. See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
312.

(30) Knema retusa (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 612 t.
25; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 249; Ridley, FI.
Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 72; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
318.

Basionym: Myristica retusa King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Calc. 3 (1891) 330 pl. 171.—Fig. 22.

_ In October 1958 I visited Gunong Bubu, Perak, the object in
view being to try to get flowering material of K. retusa which was
collected once and in fruit only by King’s collector from this
single locus classicus—King 7690 (BO, CAL, G, K, L, P). Although
the area is about 20 miles long and 5 miles wide, and at that time
there were bandits there, I succeeded in finding several trees and
obtained male and female flowers and young fruit. The tree is
conspicuous in the forest by its large leaves with a rusty under-
surface. Since King’s description is incomplete, I now give some
additional notes.

Tree 6-18 m. high. Bark dark brown, very slightly rough, but
not flaking nor furrowed; sap pink, copious. Leaves dark green,
glossy and with a whitish-green midrib above, covered with minute
rusty scales beneath, greyish or glaucous later. Male flowers
coriaceous, 1-1.2 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, medium brown,
tomentulose outside, whitish inside, slightly fragrant; pedicels
1-1.5 cm. long with a 2-3 mm. long bracteole at the base of the
perianth; staminal disc concave or flat with 15 white, sub-erect,
shortly stalked anthers. Female flowers oblong, 1.4 cm. long and
1 cm. broad, the perianth split down 3 of its length into the lobes;
pedicels 3-5 mm. long; ovary chocolate-tomentose, 5 mm. long
and 6 mm. broad, tapering into the 2-lobed stigma, each lobe
again divided into 2 smaller lobes. Fruit stalk 1 cm. long.

PERAK (extra specimens): Gunong Bubu F.R., Sungei Kenas, Sinclair
9885 (B, P, SING) sterile; Gunong Bubu
F.R., Manong, Sinclair Nos. 9907 (A, B,
E, K, L, SING) male and 9908 (A, E,
K, L, NY, SING) female.

The aril is normal (observed from young fruit) and not merely
embracing the base of the seed as stated by King. The alliance is
not with K. mandaharan with which I put it in the absence of
flowering material. It would appear to be placed best in group 3b
next to K. ashtonii and near to oblongifolia (group 3a), but differ-
ing from the latter in having stalked anthers. Both have large
obtuse leaves with many nerves and an apiculate fruit. The rusty
brown appearance of the lower surface of the large leaves will
distinguish it from other Malayan species.

272

Vol. XVII. (1961).

80 uw

Fig. 22. Knema retusa (King) Warb.

A, twig with leaves. B, ovary and stigmas. C, fruit. D, twig with male
flowers. E, male flowers. F—G, staminal column. H, scale from
lower surface of leaf. I, twig with female flowers. A, B and I from
Sinclair 9908 (SING). C from King 7690 (L isotype). D~H from
Sinclair 9907 (SING).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(31) Knema rigidifolia J. Sinclair. See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)
284.

(32) Knema rufa Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 556 t. 24 f. 1-3.

Synonym: Myristica rufa (Warb.) Boer]. Hand]. Fl. Ned. Ind.
3, 1 (1900) 90 nom. alt.—Fig. 23.

Tree 3—15 m. high. Bark dark brown, not furrowed nor flaking,
sparsely covered with lenticels. Young twigs slender, 2-3 mm.
thick at the apex, rusty-tomentose, later glabrous, medium brown,
greyish lower down, faintly striate. Leaves thinly coriaceous,
glabrous except when very young, dark green and dull above with
a whitish green midrib, glaucous beneath with a yellowish green
midrib, lanceolate, base rounded and then cuneate, apex
acuminate; midrib raised on both surfaces; nerves 14-20 pairs,
equally prominent on both surfaces as are the close reticulations,
spreading, almost horizontal, rather crooked, interarching near the
margins; length 15-25 cm.; breadth 34.5 cm.; petiole 1-1.5 cm.
long, rusty-tomentose when young, later glabrous. Male flowers
on very short, 2 mm. long, axillary tubercles; pedicels 1.5—2 cm.
long, rusty-tomentose with a minute bracteole a little below the
flower; perianth 6 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, rusty-tomentose
outside with dendroid hairs, glabrous inside, ovoid-globose in
bud, 3-lobed, the lobes broad and obtuse; staminal disc sub-
concave with 10-15 elongate, sub-sessile anthers, the connectives
produced slightly beyond the anthers. Female flowers not seen.
Fruit elliptic, 2.3-2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, sparsely covered
with 3 mm. long, shining, rusty-brown hairs; stalk 2 cm. long.

BORNEO SaARAWAK: First Division:—Mount Matang, Beccari
1798 (FI, G, K, P); Semengoh F.R.,
Sinclair 10191 (E, K, L, SAR, SING)

fruit; Sungei Sabal Tapang, Serian, Sin-
clair 10267 (E, SAR, SING) fruit.

BRUNEI: Andulau F.R. (west) area of construction
of a new road, Sinclair 10451 (A, B, E,
FI, K, L, NY, SAR, SING) immature
male flowers.

DISTRIBUTION: Sarawak and Brunei. Rare.
TYPE MATERIAL: Beccari 1798 (FI holotype, G, K, P).

I went specially to Borneo to look for this rare species, collected
once in male flower by Beccari. I was fortunate to find it at
Semengoh Forest Reserve on the first day of my expedition and
with fruit. The leaves are exactly like those of K. intermedia. The
flowering pedicels are longer, the flower is larger, and the staminal
disc is flat or concave, not mammillate. The shaggy fruit is quite
unlike that of any other Knema species and will at once distinguish
it.

274

Vol. XVII. (1961).

5mm

° Ea.
* 3S
Fuearat
peL.

Fig. 23. Knema rufa Warb.

A, twig with leaves. B, twig with male flowers. C, male flower enlarged.
D, hair enlarged from male flower. E—F, staminal column with
dehiscing anthers. G—H, staminal column with young anthers. I,
fruit. A-F from Beccari 1798 (FI holotype). G-H from Sinclair
10451 (SING). I from Sinclair 10191 (SING).

275

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(33) Knema scortechinii (King) J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing.
16 (1958) 288 f. 7.

Basionym: Myristica scortechinii King in Ann. Roy. Bot.
Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 317 pl. 153.

Synonyms: Knema conferta var. scortechinii (King) Warb..
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 580; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23
(1912) 244; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70.

SUMATRA Fast Coast: Labuhan Batu, Perbaungan, bb/0335 (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: Kedah, Perak, Trengganu, Pahang, Selan-
gor, Johore. For list see Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 289. Additional re-
cords:—-NEGRI SEMBILAN: Sungei Me-
nyala F.R., Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 64726
(KEP) and G. H. S. Wood K.F.N. 71870
(KEP); Nilai, Jindaram Estate, Md.
Shah 81 (SING) and 126 (SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.

TYPE MATERIAL: M. scortechinii King, Scortechini, Wray
and King’s numbers. See Gard. Bull.
Sing. 16 (1958) 289.

Since my account of the Malay Peninsula Myristicaceae ap-
peared in 1958, this species is now recorded for the first time
from Sumatra and there are several records for Negri Sembilan.
M. laurina var. borneensis Miq. is not a synonym for this species
as stated by King and myself but is simply K. /aurina.

(34) Knema stenophylla (Warb.) J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing.
16 (1958) 300 f. 11.
Basionym: Gymnacranthera stenophylla Warb. Monog.
Myrist. (1897) 364 t. 20 f. 1-2.
Synonym: Myristica stenophylla (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. FI.
Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 88 nom. alt.

MALAY PENINSULA: Kedah, Kelantan, Penang, Perak, Treng-
ganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negri Sembilan
and Johore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing.
16 (1958) 300. New and first records
for Negri Sembilan:—Nilai, Jindaram
Estate, Mohd. Shah Nos. 72 (A, BKF,
BO, DD, K, L, LAE, LWG, PNH,
SING) and 88 (A, BKF, BO, DD, K,
L, LAE, PNH, SING). There are also
records for Pulau Jarak in the Straits
of Malacca, Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 71059
(KEP) and Pulau Lalang, Wyatt-Smith

101 (KEP).
DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula.
TYPE MATERIAL: Kehding 150 (FI holotype).

Lowland forest. Near to K. cinerea vars sumatrana and
patentinervia and to K. malayana but with smaller leaves and
fainter nerves. The flowers too, are smaller.

276

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

(35) Knema tomentella (Mig.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 588
rey, 25 £. 1-2,

Basionym: Myristica corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. var.
tomentella Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd:-Bat. 1 (1864) 207.

Synonyms: M. corticosa var. amplifolia Mig. in Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1864) 207. M. corticosa var. ceramensis Miq.
in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 51. M. glauca Bl. var.
bancana (Warb.) Boerl. Hand]. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92
nom. alt. M. laurina var. minahassae (Warb.) Boerl. |. c. 92
nom. alt. M. tomentella (Miq.) Boerlage, Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.
3 (1900) 91 nom. alt. K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. bancana Warb.
Monog. Myrist. (1897) 597—syn. nov. K. laurina (Bl.) Warb.
var. minahassae Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 620—syn. nov.
Knema stellata Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 11 (1916) 182 et in
Enum. Philip. Fl. Plants 2 (1923) 184—syn. nov. K. alvarezii
Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 13 (1918) 288 et Enum. Philip. FI.
Plants 2 (1923) 183—syn. nov. Palala sexta Rumph. Herb. Amb.

2 (1750) 28.—Fig. 24.

Tree 5-12 m. high. Bark brownish grey with some dents but
no flakes or fissures; inner bark red; sap red, copious. Twigs
striate and rusty-tomentulose at the apex with dendroid and
stellate hairs, glabrous and greyish brown lower down. Leaves
coriaceous, glabrous above,. rusty-furfuraceous on the lower
midrib, becoming glabrous, dark green and glossy above when
fresh, dark brown or slightly greenish brown above when dry,
glaucous beneath, rather variable in shape, lanceolate, oblong-
lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or slightly obovate, apex acute,
sharply acuminate or less often obtuse or retuse, base acute to
rounded; midrib raised on both surfaces; nerves 12-26 pairs,
distinct and raised on both surfaces; reticulations forming a dense
network on both surfaces; length 7-25 cm.; breadth 2-7 cm:
petiole 1 cm. long. Male flowers densely rusty-tomentose with
dendroid and stellate hairs, 2.5—-3 mm. long, deeply tri-lobed;
pedicels very short, about 3 mm. long with a minute + median
bracteole; staminal disc flat with 6-9 stalked, well-spaced, obtuse
anthers. Female flowers as in the male but 5—6 mm. long; pedicels
thick, 3 mm. long; ovary tomentose, 1.5 mm. in diam. with a
sessile, bi-lobed stigma, the main lobes again 2—3-lobed. Fruit
harshly rusty-tomentose with stellate and dendroid hairs, obovoid,
less often sub-globose, obtuse at the apex, narrowed towards the
base, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. in diam.; stalk 5 mm.—I1 cm.
long and 3 mm. thick. :

277

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Zz
lee

US

Fig. 24. Knema tomentella (Mig.) Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,
staminal column. E-—F, female flowers enlarged. G, fruit. H,
narrower leaves of the Philippine K. stellata, now included in K.
tomentella. 1, fruit from the above Philippine form. A—D from
Robinson 238 (A). E-F from Robinson 236 (SING). G from
Kostermans 646 (PNH). H-I from Merrill 1706 (PNH).

278

Vol. XVIII, (1961).

PHILIPPINES Luzon:

SAMAR:

CELEBES NortTuH

PENINSULA:

CENTRAL
CELEBES:

SOUTH-WEST

PENINSULA:

SOUTH-EAST

PENINSULA:

MOLUCCAS Mororal!:

HAL-

MAHEIRA:

BATJAN:

OBI:

BURU:

CERAM:

Prov. Nueva Ecija:—Mt Macasandal,
Alvarez Nos. 22395 (BM, BO, L, P)
and 22397 (BM, K, US).

Prov. Rizal:—Montalban, Loher Nos. 12390
(A, BM, BO, M, P, UC); 13390 (A, M,
UC); 12630 (UC).

Prov. Laguna:—Makahuyong, Mt Bana-
hao, E. Gutierrez 3487. (SING).

Ambalate, Ramos 1706 (A, BM, BO, BRI,
CAL, G, L, NSW, NY, P, PNH, SING);
Catubig River, Ramos Nos. 24276 (A,
BM, K, NY, P, US) ‘and 24430 (K, P,
US); Cagmanaba, Catubig River, Sablaya
waa ke, P).

Minahassa, Koorders Nos. 18132 (BO) and
18152 (BO, L); the remainder Manado,
Koorders Nos. 18167 (BO) and 18169
(BO); Rarampondo, bb15087 (BO, L);.
Amurang, bb17178 (A, BO, L); Beccari
7772 (FI) cult. Hort. Bog. ex Manado,
(Riedel).

Usu, Malili, Cel III/112 (BO, L) and
Cel II/318 (BO, K, L); Ra Roua, bb2329
(BO); Malili, Kjellberg 2006 (BO, S);.
Preho, Kjellberg 2494 (BO, S).

Rante Lemo, Kjellberg 1608 (S); Todjambu,
Kjellberg 1807 (BO, S); Pangkadjene,
Teijsmann 11735 (BO, L, SING); Bikeru,
Warburg Nos. 16718 (E) and 16719 (C,
Per eFM).

Wawo-Sondu near Kendari, Beccari Nos.
7770 (FI) and 7771 (FI); Kendari,
Kjellberg 621 (BO, S); Staringbaai, Pella
60 (BO).

Totodaku, Kostermans 646 (A, BO, K, L,
PNH, SING).

Tilope, West Peninsula, Anang 542 (BO,
Fy:

Kampong Senggah, N. of Labuha, Alston
16910 (BM).

Atasrip Nos. 62 (BO, SING) and 89 (BO,
SING); B. Kasina, bb23801 (BO, L).
Kajeli, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING); Ehu,

Toxopeus 867 (BO).

Teijsmann s.n. (K); Teijsmann Nos. 1991
(BO, U) and 5019 (BO, CAL, U);
Teiismann & de Vriese s.n. (L); de Vriese
s.n. (CAL, L); Piru, West Ceram, Rutten
2103 (BO, L, U).:

279

AMBON:
NEW
GUINEA VOGELKOP
(DuTCH
WEST
NEw
GUINEA):
CULTIVATED:
DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Hatui Besar, bb/0130 (BO); Robinson Nos.
236 (A, BM, BO, CAL, K, L, NY, P,
NSW, SING, US); 237 (A, BO, K, L,
US) and 238 (A, BM, P, NY. US); de
Fretes 5745 (BO, PDA); de Fretes s.n.
(U); Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING).

Warnapi, north of Ransiki, 80 km south
of Manokwari, Kostermans 4745 (A, BO,
K, L, PNH, SING).

Hort Bog. IVH 87 Sinclair 10029 (A, B,
E, K, L, NY, SING) origin Ambon;
Hort. Bog., Warburg 1742 (L, LE, M);
Hort. Bog. Beccari Nos. 7789 (FI); 7789a
(FI) and s.n. (FI).

Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas and New
Guinea.

M. corticosa var. tomentella Mig., Ambon,
(Teijsmann) de Fretes (U holotype); var.
amplifolia Miq., Manado, (Riedel)
Beccari 7772 (FI holotype); var. cera-
mensis Miq., Ceram, Teijsmann & de
Vriese (CAL, K, L, U); Teijsmann 1991]
(BO, U) and 5019 (BO, CAL, U). K.
glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. bancana Warb.,
Cult. Hort. Bog. Beccari s.n. (FI holo-
type); Beccari 7789 (FI) and Beccari
7789a (FI); the numbered sheets also part
of the type collection but Beccari s.n.
quoted by Warb. is the holotype. The
FI sheets were given numbers later. K.
laurina var. minahassae Warb., Koorders
Nos. 18167 (BO) and 18169 (BO). K.
stellata Merr., Ramos 24276 (A, BM,
K, NY, P, US). K. alvarezii Merr.,
Alvarez Nos. 22395 (BM, BO, L, P) and
22397 (BM, K, US).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Rahaan (north Celebes); kasumbeli (S.E.

Peninsula, Celebes); palala puteh or
palala daun-kechil (Ambon).

This is the only Knema species in New Guinea. The small,
tomentose flowers and the very short pedicels are noteworthy. The
striate twigs, the closely reticulate leaves, the deeply lobed
perianth, the median bracteole and the stalked anthers are
characters which suggest an alliance with K. conferta and
scortechinii but it is distinct in the few anthers and the very short
flowering pedicels. It is perhaps nearest to K. muscosa. I have
placed it in group 7a along with muscosa. See under that
species. The leaves are variable in size and they are usually
acuminate at the apex. Sometimes they are retuse giving the

280

Vol. XVII. (1961).

plant quite a different appearance. I cannot describe the speci-
mens with retuse leaves as a separate form or variety since
I have seen sheets with acuminate, obtuse and retuse leaves on
the same specimens. K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. bancana Warb.
belongs here and not to (glauca)=cinerea. It was described from
material grown in Hort. Bogoriensis but the origin cannot be
Banka as stated by Beccari on the label. [Similarly K. laurina var.
amboinensis Warb. was described from material collected in Hort.
Bog. by Beccari, reputed to have come from Ambon. Again the
locality cannot be Ambon as this species (/aurina) is not found in
the Moluccas. This variety actually, is not different from typical
laurina nor is K. laurina var. bancana Cult. in Hort. Bog. origin
Banka different from typical laurina. It seems that the labels from
Banka and Ambon have been mixed in Hort. Bogoriensis. This
is not surprising or unusual as the trees of Myristicaceae in
Bogor grow close together and from my own experience I have
observed some erroneous localities on their labels. I saw and
collected good material of typical K. tomentella in Bogor, origin
Ambon, which is identical with Warburg’s K. glauca var. bancana,
namely Sinclair 10029 IVH 87.

(36) Knema uliginosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 25.

Inter species cum androecio apice mammillato haec ponenda.
K. plumulosae proxima sed ramulis glabris pallido-griseis et
floribus minoribus praecipue differt.

Arbor 5 m. alta. Ramuli glabri, pallido-grisei, leves. Folia
sub-coriacea, glabra, lanceolata, basi rotundata vel acuta, apice
acuta vel acuminata, 14-29 cm. longa, 3.5—7 cm. lata; costa, et
nervi (15—18—jugati) utrinque prominentes; reticulationes vix
conspicuae; petioli 8 mm.—1 cm. longi. Flores masculi 5-6 mm.
in diam., pilis' dendroideis breviter ferrugineo-tomentosi, in
alabastro apice depressi; pedicelli 5-6 mm. longi prope apicem
minute bracteolati; androecium apice convexum vel mammillatum
brevissime stipitatum, cum antheris 12 obtusis horizontalibus.
distantibus fere sessilibus vel breviter stipitatis stellatim coronatum.
Fructus sub-globosus vel paullo obovatus, ferrugineo-tomentosus,
1.8 cm. longus, 1.5 cm. latus cum stigmate persistenti, 8—10-lobato
et cum stipite 4 mm. longo.

Tree 5 m. high. Twigs glabrous, pale grey, smooth and non-
striate, reddish-brown and slightly furfuraceous at the extreme
apex. Leaves thinly coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate, base rounded
or acute, apex acute or acuminate; the midrib and the 15-18
pairs of nerves distinctly raised on both surfaces; length 14-29
cm.; breadth 3.5—7 cm.; petiole 8 mm.—1 cm. long. Male flowers
5—6 mm. in diam., shortly rusty-tomentose with dendroid hairs,

281

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Fig. 25. Knema uliginosa J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,
staminal column. E, young fruit with remains of stigmas. A-D from
Main 2098 (SING isotype). E from Anderson SAR 447 (SING).

282

Vol. XVII. (1961). °

the flower buds depressed at the apices; pedicels 5-6 mm. long
with a minute bracteole near the base of the flower; staminal disc
convex or mammillate at the apex and on a very short, 0.5 mm.
long stalk; anthers 12, obtuse, horizontal, shortly stalked or nearly
sessile, well-spaced. Fruit sub-globose or slightly obovoid, rusty-
tomentose with the remains of the stigma (8-10 lobes), 1.8 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk short, 4 mm. long.

BORNEO Sarawak: Loba Kabang (South) Protected Forest,
Sibu, Anderson Nos. SAR 447 (KEP,
SAR, SING) and SAR 9893 (SAR,
SING); Lubok Antu, 2nd _ Division,
Bracke 10696 (BM. L).

WEsT BorRNEO: Suka Lanting, Hallier 85 (BO); Sungei
Kenepai, Hallier Nos. 2102 (BO, L,
SING, U) and 2207 (BO, SING); Pulau
Nibung, Silimban, Kapuas, Main 2098
(A, BO, K, L, SING); Kapuas, Teijs-
mann 8679 (BO, SING).

SOUTH AND
SOUTH-EAST
BORNEO: Sampit, Buwalda Nos. 7658 (A, BO, K,
L); 7741 (BO); 7743 (BO); 7768 (BO)
7769 (BO).
DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak, West Borneo and South
Borneo).
TYPE MATERIAL: Main 2098 (A, K holotype, L, SING).

A tree of the fresh water and peat swamp forest. The glabrous,.
greyish twigs without striations and the structure of the flowers
with the mammillate disc and’ several lobed stigmas are the out-
standing features. The other two species in this group with a
mammillate disc are K. intermedia and K. plumulosa, K. uliginosa
lacks the reticulations of the leaves so well seen in these two
Species but agrees in having the veins raised on both surfaces. In
this respect its leaves recall those of K. latericia which also has
raised veins but those of K. uliginosa are never so oblique and
curve gradually from the midrib to the margins. The fruit is
tomentose while that of K. intermedia has some stellate scurf
which rubs off easily.

(37) Knema woodii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 26.

In aspectu generali ramulorum, foliorum, florum, haec species
K. glomeratae et K. korthalsii similis. A priore (cui proxima)
nervis et antheris pluribus, floribus majoribus, pedicellis masculis
longioribus; ab altera nervis paucioribus, floribus tomentellis (non
tomentosis) paulo majoribus, antheris pluribus; et ab ambabus
speciebus ramulis glabris, prope apicem angulatis, infra apicem
Saepe nigritis, disco stamineo triangulari differt.

283 .

Gardens Bulletin, S.

\ "|

y
i

LL
the 4,
/

ff Y /
Weg, if ff
A ih ij
Se He]
if WZ
FM Mae <
WOK SS

<A
\
\

{
i

A
yl »

Fig. 26..Knema woodii J. Sinclair.

A, twig with male flowers. B, apical portion of twig with leaves and
male flowers. C, male flower enlarged. D—-E, staminal column. F,
ovary and stigmas. A—-E from Sinclair 9298 (SING holotype). F
from M. Jacobs 5235 (SAR).

284

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Arbor 18-28 m. alta. Cortex atro-griseus, assulas tenues
abscidens; latex copiosus. Ramuli glabri, apice angulati, nigriti,
infra teretes grisei. Folia coriacea, glabra, oblonga, marginibus
fere parallelis, supra atro-viridia, nitida, subtus glauca, apice
acuminata, basi rotundata vel acutiuscula, 20-30 cm. longa, 5-8
cm. lata; nervi 23—30-jugati, paralleli, supra inconspicui, subtus
prominentes; reticulationes utrinque indistinctae; petioli 1-2 cm.
longi, supra valde canaliculati. Flores masculi in alabastris tantum
Visi, coriacei, obtuso-trigoni, extus flavo-brunnei tomentelli, intus
atro-rubri, 5 mm. longi, 1 cm. lati; pedicelli 7 mm.—1.3 cm. longi,
medio bracteolati; discus staminalis planus, triangularis 5S
mm. latus, antheris 18-23 sessilibus coronatus; stipes 2-3 mm.
longus. Flores feminei brevius pedicellati, pedicelli 4 mm. longi;
Oovarium tomentosum; stigma disciforme, 2-lobatum; lobus
singulus iterum 5-6 lobatus. Fructus ignotus.

Tree 15-20 m. high. Bark dark grey, flaking in thin strips; sap
copious. Twigs glabrous, angled at the tips, blackish in patches, .
grey and terete lower down. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, oblong,
' the margins nearly parallel, dark green and glossy above, glaucous
beneath, apex acuminate, base rounded or somewhat acute; nerves
23-30 pairs, parallel, faint and sunk above, prominent beneath;
reticulations faint on both surfaces; length 20-30 cm.; breadth
5-8 cm.; petiole 1-2 cm. long, deeply grooved above. Male flowers
not yet open, coriaceous, obtusely trigonous, yellowish brown and
tomentulose outside, dark red inside, 5 mm. long and 1 cm. broad;
pedicels 7 mm.—1.3 cm. long with a median bracteole; staminal
disc flat, triangular, 5 mm. broad and on a 2-3 mm. long stalk;
anthers 18-23 sessile. Female flowers with shorter, 4 mm. long
pedicels; ovary rusty-tomentose; stigma disc-shaped with two main
lobes, each lobe divided again into 5-6 minute lobes. Fruit
unknown. |

BORNEO Sarawak: Left bank of Rejang River, 10 km. below
Belaga, near Belaga airfield, Segaham

Range, M. Jacobs Nos. 5235 (CANB, L,
SAR) and 5400 (CANB, L, SAR,

SING).
EAST AND
NORTH-EAST
BORNEO: Karangan River, near Batu Pondong, Sang-

kulirang, Kostermans 13694 (BO, K,
L); West Kutei, bb/6562 (A, L) and S.
Sentakan, Longbleh, bb29574 (BO, L);
Central Kutei, Pedohon River, near Ta-
bang, Kostermans 10635 (K, L, SING);
E. Kutei, Pengadan, 5bb/12968 (BO);
Inaran, Berouw, bb/2/00 (BO); Berouw,
bb18927 (A, BO, L).

285

Gardens Bulletin, S.

BRITISH NoRTH

BORNEO: 4 mile S.W. of Sub-Cpt. 9, Cpt. 7, Bombay-
Burmah T. Company Concession, Kala-
bakan, 30 mls. W.N.W. of Tawau, Wood
A3962 (K, KEP, L, SAN, SING); 15th
mile. Elopura, Sandakan, Puasa and
Enggoh Nos. 10685 (K, L) and 55168
(KEP); Cpt. 14, Sepilok F.R., Wood &
Charrington SAN 15388 (KEP, L, SAN,
SING); Cpt. 15, Sepilok F.R., Sinclair
and Kadim 9298 (A, B, BM, E, K, L,
M, SAN, SING holotype).

DISTRIBUTION: Northern and eastern part of Borneo.
TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair and Kadim 9298 (SING holotype).

A tree of lowland forest and common in Central Kutei up to
100 m. altitude, named in honour of the late G. H. S. Wood,
Forest Botanist at Sandakan. The flowers have a faint delicate
scent (Jacobs). It is nearest to the Philippine K. glomerata, but
differs in the more numerous nerves and anthers, the larger flowers
and the longer male pedicels. It resembles to a less degree K.
Korthalsii and is more likely to be confused with the latter since
both occur in Borneo. It differs from it in the fewer nerves, the
slightly larger tomentulose (not tomentose flowers) with more
anthers and from both species in the triangular staminal disc and
in the glabrous twigs, angled at the apex, and often blackish from
just below the apex for a short distance down.

Addenda

Since this paper went to the press, a large collection of Myristi-
caceae was received for naming from the Forest Department,
Sarawak. They were collected mostly by J. A. R. Anderson and
Hsiuan Keng (University of Malaya, Singapore) on a recent trip
to Gunong Mulu, Sarawak, 4th Division during June—July 1961.
They include, however, a few other collections made by members
of the staff of the Forest Department, from various localities in
Sarawak. Among the specimens are several plants collected for
the first time in Sarawak, but occurring in other territories of
Borneo as well, and some which are new and first records for the
4th Division of Sarawak, having been previously recorded from
some of the other Sarawak divisions. The plants new to Sarawak
are also, all from the 4th Division. Further an alpine variety of
Knema cinerea with rigidly coriaceous leaves and prominent reti-
culations on the under surface of the leaves was obtained from
Gunong Mulu. It deserves some mention so I now briefly describe
it as a new variety of K. cinerea, first listing the other new records.

286

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fuller notes will have to be given at a later date in a special
nachtrag of miscellanies in this present series of precursores for
Flora Malesiana.

A. New and first records for Sarawak, all 4th Division, Gunong
Mulu and vicinity: —
Knema curtisii var. linguiformis; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea
(Sterile and on limestone. Probably a new variety. The
tomentum on the innovations is much longer, stiffer and
erect; hairs up to 2 mm. long); K. kinabaluensis (previously
known from Mt Kinabalu only); K. latericia var. albifolia.

B. New and first records for the 4th Division of Sarawak, but pre-
viously known from some of the other divisions of Sarawak
and from some of the other territories of Borneo: —

‘Knema ashtonii and K. latifolia (both from the Lambir
Hills Forest Reserve) and K. kunstleri var. kunstleri from
Bintulu and Miri. |

C. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb.

var. alpina J. Sinclair, var. nov.

A Knema cinerea var. sumatrana cui proxima, haec varietas
nova foliis rigide coriaceis, reticulationibus subtus laxioribus valde
prominentibus, antheris paucioribus differt. In aspectu et forma
foliorum K. kinabaluensi etiam aliquantum similis a qua nervis
paucioribus irregulariter curvatis minus obliquis, supra minus ele-
vatis, reticulationibus subtus- magis distinctis, antheris stipitatis
distinguitur. i

Arbor 5-8 m. alta. Folia rigide coriacea, anguste lanceolata,
lanceolata vel late lanceolata, 12-21 cm. longa vulgo 15 cm.,
3.5—7 cm. lata vulgo 5 cm., basi acuta, saepe rotundata, apice
acuta; nervi 12—18-jugati, vulgo 14-jugati, irregulariter curvati,
sensim ad marginem ascendentes, in sicco subtus ferruginei; reti-
culationes supra visibiles, subtus valde elevatae dense dispositae;
petioli 1-2 cm. longi, generaliter 1.5 cm. longi. Flores’ masculi
extus minute ferrugineo-tomentelli; antherae 9—10, stipitatae (flores
duos tantum dissecavi); pedicelli bracteola medio praediti. Fructus
oblongus, ferrugineo-tomentellus, 2—3.5 cm. longus, 1.5—2.5 cm.
latus, apice rotundatus vel obtuse apiculatus, secus suturam annu-
latus vel alatus vel levis (sine ala); stipes 5 mm.—1 cm. longus,
tenuiusculus, 2—3 mm. crassus.

287

Gardens Bulletin, S.

BORNEO Sarawak: Gunong Mulu, path from Melinau Paku,
Baram District, 4th Division, Anderson
SAR Nos 4233 (A, BO, K, L, SAN,
SAR, SING) 4,300 ft.; 4510 (BO, K,
L, SAN, SAR, SING) 4,800 ft.; 4514
(A, K, L, SAN, SAR, SING) 4,400 ft.;
4566 (A, BO, K, L, SAN, SAR, SING)
3,700 ft.: 4600 (A, K, L, SAN, SAR,
SING) 4,600 ft.

BRITISH
NORTH
BORNEO: Ulu Moyah, 8 miles S.S.E. of Malaman,
Sipitang, Wood SAN 16669 (KEP, L,
SAN, SING) 2,750 ft.
DISTRIBUTION: Borneo as above.
TYPE MATERIAL: Anderson SAR 4514 (A, K, L, SAN, SAR

holotype, SING).
The addition of this new variety will now bring the total tum-

bers of varieties in Knema up to 14 instead of 13 as stated at the
beginning of this paper. I have to transfer Wood SAN 16669 from
K. cinerea var. sumatrana to var. alpina. See under var. sumatrana
and also in the notes after it where I have stated that perhaps I
may have lumped too many specimens under K. cinerea var.
sumatrana, including some from Borneo with narrower leaves than
in typical: var. sumatrana. See also in the introductory part under
the heading Polymorphic and Common Species words to the same
effect.

D. Finally, the rare Knema rufa was collected again in the Ist

Division, in male flower, and the flowers were found to be
red inside: —

Gunong Santubong (East) Haji Bujang SAR 13146.

288

INDEX

New species, new varieties and new combinations in bold-faced type, syno-
nyms in italics.

G conferta (King) Warb., 194, 208,
280.
a Gymnacranthera var. borneensis Warb., 194, 195,
| cryptocaryoides Elmer, 236. 238, 242.
| stenophylla Warb., 276. var. scortechinii (King) Warb.,
| 276.
| K var. tonkinensis Warb., 195, 249.

| coriacea Warb., 236.
_ Knema
| corticosa Lour., 180, 214.

acuminata Merr., 219, 225. ;
: var. tonkinensis Warb., 214.

ji Mierr.,.,277. ie ;
in abi «3 curtisil (King) Warb., 196, 248.

angustifolia (Roxb.) Waro., 174,

208. var. amoena J. Sinclair, 198.
ashtonii J. Sinclair, 162, 287. var. arenosa J. Sinclair, 198.
attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb., 166. var. curtisii, 196, 264.
| var. latifrons Warb., 166, 169. var. Ls apiaadaect J. Sinclair, 200,
| 7.

badia Merr. nom. nud., 238.
bicolor Raf., 214.

| cantleyi (Hk. f.) Warb.=K.

| plumulosa J. Sinclair, 272.
cenabre Merr. et Quisumb., 232.

var. paludosa J. Sinclair, 201.
‘ elegans Pierre ex Warb., 249.
elmeri Merr., 202, 287.
elongata Warb. nom. nud., 238.
erratica (Hk. f. et Th.)

cinerea (Poir.) Warb., 169. J. Sinclair, 181, 195, 205.

var. alpina J. Sinclair, 287. furfuracea (Hk. f. et Th.)

var. andamanica (Warb.) Warb, 209, 213, 214, 227, 244,
J. Sinclair, 174, 208. 24 287.

Var. cinerea, 170. galeata J. Sinclair, 211.

var. cordata (J. Sinclair) geminata (Miq.) Warb., 186, 193.
J. Sinclair, 181. gitingensis Elmer, 219.

var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) glauca (Bl.) Warb., 186, 226.

J. Sinclair, 182, 261.
f. patentinervia, 182, 276.

f. longipedicellata
J. Sinclair, 182.

var. rubens (J. Sinclair) 193
J. Sinclair, 185, 242. ;

var. sumatrana (Mig.) J. Sinclair, var. typica Warb., 186.
185, 229, :232, 276. glaucescens Jack, 186.

communis J. Sinclair, 193, 242, 266. var. cordata J. Sinclair, 165, 181.

var. andamanica Warb., 174.
var. bancana Warb., 277, 281.
var. nicobarica Warb., 174, 249.
var. sumatrana (Miq.) Warb., 186,

289

var. glaucescens, 186.
var. patentinervia J. Sinclair, 182.
forma rubens J. Sinclair, 185.

globularia (Lamk) Warb., 169, 180,
208, 214, 255.

glomerata (Blanco) Merr., 219, 236,
286.

heterophylla (F.-Vill.) Warb., 219.
var. pubescens Warb., 219.

hookeriana (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb.,
214, 226.

insularis Merr., 232.

intermedia (Bl.) Warb., 227, 274,
283.

var. dubia Warb., 229.
kinabaluensis J. Sinclair, 229, 287.
korthalsii Warb., 226, 232, 286.
kunstleri (King) Warb., 236.

var. kunstleri, 236, 287.

var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair, 238.
latericia Elmer, 205, 238, 271, 283.

var. albifolia J. Sinclair, 242, 243,
287.

var. latericia, 240, 261.

var. lunduensis J. Sinclair, 244.
261.

latifolia Warb., 244, 287.

laurina (Bl.) Warb., 179, 195, 208,
248.

amboinensis Warb., 248, 281.
bancana Warb., 248, 281.
(Mig.) Warb.,

Var.
var.

borneensis
248, 276.

var. malayana Warb., 248.

var. minahassae Warb., 277.
lenta Pierre ex Warb., 174, 179.
linifolia (Roxb.) Warb., 208, 256.

var. clarkeana (King) Warb., 256.
malayana Warb., 179, 194, 260, 276.
mandaharan (Miq.) Warb., 214, 261.
membranifolia Hubert Winkler, 262.
meridionalis J. Sinclair, 238.
iab ear (od (Warb.) Merr., 232,

var.

290

Gardens Bulletin, §.

missionis (King) Warb., 214.
muscosa J. Sinclair, 264, 280.
neglecta Warb. nom. nud., 168.
nitida Merr., 244.
oblongata Merr., 248, 249.
oblongifolia (King) Warb., 165, 266.
var. monticola (King) Warb., 266.
var. oblongifolia, 266.
obovoidea Merr., 249.
palembanica (Migq.) Warb., 186.
parvifolia Merr., 236, 238.
pectinata Warb., 266.
peltata (Roxb.) Warb., 169.
percoriacea J. Sinclair, 268.
petelotii Metr., 214.
pierrei Warb., 209, 211.

plumulosa J. Sinclair, 209, 229, 272,
283.

pulchra (Mig.) Warb., 181.

retusa (King) Warb., 165, 214. 272.
rigidifolia J. Sinclair, 232, 274.
rufa Warb., 274, 288.

scortechinii (King)

J. Sinclair, 194, 276, 280.
siamensis Warb., 205, 208.
sphaerula (Hk. f.) Airy Shaw, 214.
stellata Merr., 277.
stenocarpa Warb., 219.
stenophylla (Warb.)

J. Sinclair, 266, 276.
tomentella (Miq.) Warb., 266, 277.
tridactyla Airy Shaw, 249, 255.
uliginosa J. Sinclair, 281.
umbellata Warb., 244.
vidalii Warb., 219, 225.

wangii H.H.Hu, nom. nud., 208,
214.

winkleri Merr., 244.
woodii J. Sinclair, 283.
wrayi (King) Warb., 186.

yunnanensis H.H.Hu, nom. nud.,
205, 208.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

M

Myristica

amygdalina J. Grah. non Wall., 166.
174.

sensu

angustifolia Roxb.,

angustifolia Roxb.
Kanjilal, 205.

attenuata Hk. f. et Th., 166.
attenuata Wall. Cat. 679, nom. nud.,

caesia Zippel. ex Spanoghe, nom.
nud., 169.

cantleyi Hk. f., 248.

cantleyi Hk. f. sensu King et
Auct.=K. plumulosa J.
Sinclair, . 272.

var. glabrior Ridley, nom. nud.,
266.

chereevensis Pierre msc. nom. nud.,

215
cinerea Poir., 169.

cinerea Poir. sensu A. Gray, 232.
clarkeana King, 256.

conferta King, 194.
var. borneensis (Warb.) Boerl,
nom. alt., 2

coriacea (Warb.) Boerl. nom. allt.,

corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th., 174,
179, 180, 185, 214.

corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu
Beddome, 166.

corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu
F.-Vill., 219.

amplifolia Miq., 277.
borneensis Miq., 232.

var.
var.
var. ceramensis Miq., 277.
decipiens Miq., 227.
lanceolata Miq., 185.
sumatrana (Bl.) Miq., 185.
tomentella Miq., 277.

curtisii King, 196.

var.
var.
Var.
Var.

dongnaiensis Pierre msc. nom. nud.,
2

elegans Pierre msc., 249.
erratica Hk. f. et Th., 205.

291

furfuracea Hk. f. et Th., 209.

furfuracea Hk. f. et Th.
A.DC., 209.

var. major King, 209.
furfurascens Gandoger, 248.
geminata Miq., 186.
gibbosa Hk. f. et Th.,
glabra de Vriese, 227.
185.
glauca Bl. sensu Zoll.,

var.

sensu

174, 179.

glauca BI.,
9.57

bancana (Warb.) Boerl. nom.
alt.,. 277:

sumatrana (Bl.) Miq., 185.

sumatrana (Miq.) Boerl. nom.
ait. 185,193.

sumatrana (Warb.) Boerl.
nom. alt., 193.

glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th.,
174, 182, 185, 260.

glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th.
sensu Ceron, 219.

glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th.
sensu Kanjilal, 205.

glaucescens Wall. Cat. 6790, 215.
glaucescens Wall. Cat. 6810, 326.
globularia Lamk, 214.

glomerata (Blanco) Kudo et Masa-
mune, 226.

heterophylla F.-Villar, 219.
hookeriana Hk. f. et Th., 226.
hookeriana Wall. Cat. 6802A, 226.
iners Bl. sensu Vidal, 219.
intermedia Bl., 227.

var. minor Miq., 186, 229.
iteophylla Miq., 227.

Korthalsii (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,
m2.

kunstleri King, 236.
lanceolata Korthals, nom. nud., 198.
lanceolata Wall. Cat. 6794. nom.

var.
Var.

Var.

nud., 214.
laurina Bl., 248.
laurina Bl. sensu Vidal, 219.

var. amboinensis (Warb.) Boerl.
nom. alt., 2

var. bancana (Warb.) Boerl. nom.
alt., 248.

var. borneensis Migq., 248.
var. longifolia Miq., 248.

var. malayana (Warb.) Boerl.
nom. alt., 248.

var. minahassae (Warb.) Boerl.
nom. alt., 277.

lJenta Pierre msc. nom. nud., 174.
linifolia Roxb., 256.
longifolia Wall. ex BIl., 256.

longifolia Wall. Cat. 6801, nom.
nud., 256, 259.

longifolia Wall. ex Bl. sensu Hk.
f. et Th., 209.

longifolia Wall. ex BI.

var. erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) Hk.
f.'et Th., 205:

malayana (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,
260.

mandaharan Miq., 261.
microcarpa Willd., 173, 174.
mindanaensis Warb., 232.
missionis King, 215.

missionis Wall. Cat. 6788 nom nud.,
218

oblongifolia King, 266.

292

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. monticola King, 266.
var. oblongifolia, 266.
palembanica Mig., 186.
pectinata (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,
266.

peltata Roxb., 169.

pulchra Migq., 181.

retusa King, 272.

ridleyi Gandoger, 238.

rufa (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt., 274.
scortechinii King, 276.

sphaerula Hk. f., 215.

NR (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

stenophylla (Warb.) Boerl. nom.

alt., 276
sumatrana Bl., 185.
tingens Bl., 174.
wu 5 (Miq.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

tomentosa Thunb. sensu Bl., 248.
travancorica Bedd. nom. nud., 168.
umbellata (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

uviformis Lamk, 173, 174.
wrayi King, 186.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

saul] usyoiqun Aq pesojsue koIe == “aepuig (‘bIN) VuDavUns
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293

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

294

Vol. XVII. (1961).

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295

Gardens Bulletin, S.

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Vol. XVIII. (1961).

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

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Vol. XVII. (1961).

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299

Gardens Bulletin, S.

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300

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Gardens Bulletin, S

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304

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

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Vol. XVII. (1961).

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

Vol. XVIII. (1961).
LIST OF COLLECTORS’ NUMBERS.

ACHMAD—63 laurina: 93 curtisii var. curtisii; 198 & 206 cinerea
var. sumatrana; 643 laurina; 647 & 685 cinerea var. suma-
trana; 790 curtisii var. Curtisii; 840 cinerea var. sumatrana;
927 curtisii var. curtisii: 1139 & 1143 cinerea var. sumatrana;
1152 curtisii var. curtisii; 1176 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1195
laurina: 1459 cinerea. var. sumatrana; 1492 curtisii var. cur-
tisii; 1576 & 1579 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1803 curtisij var.

~ curtisii; 1808 laurina.

ACUNA—23377 korthalsii.

ADDURU—243 glomerata.

AGAMA—411 latericia var. latericia; 419 elmeri: 542 & 556
latericia var. latericia: 1003 laurina; 3990 curtisii var. lingui-
formis; 21605 korthalsii; 21612 latericia var. latericia.

AGUILAR—14301 & 24533 glomerata.

AHERN—393 & 589 korthalsii.

AHERN’S COLLECTOR—3192 glomerata.

ALAMBRA—23451 glomerata.

ALCASID & CELESTINO—7499 glomerata.

ALLEN—625 cinerea var. Sumatrana but latericia var. latericia is
also mounted on the A Sheet; 628 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ALSTON—16205 cinerea var. cinerea; 16910 tomentella.

ALVAREZ—21444 glomerata: 22395 & 22397 tomentella: 22641
kunstleri var. kunstleri. i

AMDJAH—141 curtisii var. curtisii; 144 curtisii var. linguiformis;
170 ashtonii; 171 cinerea var. Sumatrana; 191 latericia var.
latericia; 204 curtisii var. curtisii: 309 cinerea var. cordata;

_, 343 cinerea var. sumatrana: 440 korthalsii; 696 cinerea var.

"" cordata; 934 & 941 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ANANG—542 tomentella.

ANDERSON, J. A. R.—SAR Nos. 412 intermedia; 447 uliginosa:
2047 furfuracea; 2135: 2638; 2853 & 3178 kunstleri var. kun-
stleri; 3184 & 3185 intermedia; 4855 galeata; 4946 latericia
var. latericia; 5551 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 7062 galeata;
7931 intermedia; 8518 & 9019 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 9039
& 9055 intermedia: 9893 uliginosa.

ANDERSON, T.—10 hookeriana. ow

ANONUEVO—13563. glomerata; 13735 korthalsii. |

A POSTAL—2395 korthalsii.

309

Gardens Bulletin, S.

ARIZABAL—30500 kunstleri var. kunstleri.
ArRSAT—1065 latericia var. latericia.

ASHTON—BRUN Nos. 157 latifolia; 588 cinerea var. sumatrana;
865 elmeri; 945 galeata; 5164 percoriacea; 5202 ashtonii;
5270 percoriacea; 5587 curtisii var. curtisii.

ASHTON, SMYTHIES & Woop—SAR No. 5847 kunstleri var. kun-
stleri. SAN Nos. 17080 percoriacea; 17085 laurina: 17111
furfuracea; 17127 membranifolia; 17386 & 17387 ashtonii;
17401 cinerea var. sumatrana; 17402 furfuracea; 17428 kun-
stleri var. kunstleri; 17504 furfuracea.

ASHTON & WHITMORE—BRUN Nos. 636 galeata; 686 kunstler:
var. kunstleri.

ATASRIP—62 & 89 tomentella.
ATJE—368 cinerea var. cinerea.

Ba Pe, (MAUNG)—842; 845 & 11678 linifolia; 12909 cinerea var.
andamanica.

BACKER—8835 & 10022 laurina; 11788; 11954 & 18330 cinerea
var. sumatrana; 18581 laurina: 18687 cinerea var. sumatrana;
23135 & 23197 laurina; 25964 cinerea var. sumatrana; 26257
laurina; 29964 & 30629 cinerea var. sumatrana; 31193 laurina.

BAKER—220 cinerea var. andamanica; 3309 glomerata; 5641 &
5644 globularia.

BAKHUIZEN v.d. BRINK—438 cinerea var. sumatrana; 613 & 896
laurina; 3001; 3794 & 3796 cinerea var. sumatrana: 4178 &
4208 laurina: 5064 intermedia; 5214 & 5287 laurina; 6141
& 6381 intermedia; 7793 laurina.

BALAJADIA—4054 laurina.

BaLANSA—1012 globularia; 4175 & 4176 laurina; 4196 & 4198
globularia; 4199 laurina.

BALLESTEROS—9474 glomerata.

BaNtaGa—33399 glomerata.

BaNGcHaM, W. N. & C. M.—652 cinerea var. sumatrana.
BaRBER—2940; 2953; 3121 & 5671 attenuata.
BaRNES—500 glomerata.

BARNTON—S515 kinabaluensis.

BARTLETT—7329 intermedia; 13476 glomerata.
BAwAN—24613 glomerata

310

Vol. XVI. (1961).

bb Nos.—1200 conferta; 2329 tomentella; 3770 curtisii var.
paludosa; 5429 & 5430 cinerea var. cinerea; 6214 mandaharan;
6578 cinerea var. sumatrana;: 6823 & 7200 mandaharan;
7290 cinerea var. sumatrana; 7430 mandaharan; 8319 perco-
riacea; 8634 mandaharan; 8846 cinerea var. sumatrana; 9160
laurina; 9186 cinerea var. rubens; 9366 furfuracea; 9369 con-
ferta; 10130 tomentella and G. paniculata var. zippeliana;
10335 scortechinit; 10570 conferta; 10756 elmeri; 12100
woodii; 12270 mandaharan; 12744 korthalsii; 12968 woodii:
13019 galeata; 13107 conferta; 13727 laurina; 14356 cinerea
var. cinerea; 14646 curtisii var. arenosa; 14871 & 14872 lateri-
cia var. albifolia; 15087 tomentella; 15562 mandaharan:
16406 conferta; 16562 woodii; 16738 conferta; 17178 tomen-
tella; 17487 & 18174 curtisii var. arenosa: 18927 woodii;
19392 & 20376 conferta; 22410 mandaharan; 23801 tomen-
tella; 24279 & 24426 cinerea var. cinerea; 24649 menbrani-
folia; 26185 percoriacea; 26188 conferta; 26354 cinerea var.
sumatrana; 26984; 27497; 27591; 29300; 29340; 29356 &
29518 conferta; 29574 woodii; 34455; 34467 & 34469 per-
coriacea; 34623 curtisii var. arenosa.

BeEccaRI—532 cinerea var. sumatrana; 632 laurina; 670 kunstleri
var. kunstleri; 901 intermedia; 1094 cinerea var. sumatrana;
1396 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 1546
laurina; 1594 latericia var. albifolia; 1607 pectinata; 1609
cinerea var. rubens; 1618 latericia var. albifolia; 1709 cinerea
var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 1798 rufa; 1815 com-
munis; 1824 latifolia: 1960 communis; 1991bis latifolia; 2003
latericia var. latericia; 2482 cinerea var. rubens:; 2523 latericia
var. latericia; 5618 cinerea var. sumatrana; 7760; 7761 & 7762
intermedia; 7770; 7771 & 7772 tomentella; 7778; 7778a; 7779;
7780—632; 7781; 778la; 7782 & 7782a laurina; 7788 &
7788a cinerea var. sumatrana; 7789 & 7789a tomentella;
7792 cinerea var. sumatrana.

BECKING—S50 conferta: 54 & 145 cinerea var. sumatrana.

BEDDOME—101 globularia; 103; 215 & 222 attenuata: 6728
globularia.

BEJAUD—344 & 665 globularia.
BELEN—23328 korthalsii.
BERNARDO—24271 glomerata.

BEUMEE—574 cinerea var. sumatrana; 863 curtisii var. curtisii;
3687: 3881 & 6079 cinerea var. sumatrana.

BIJHOUWER—268 laurina.

311

Gardens Bulletin, S.

BiswaS—2064: 3766 & 4987 linifolia.
BLUME—{24); (54) & 1629 laurina.
BOEJENG b. SiTAM—SAR 9302 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

Bon—307; 1435; 1540; 1643; 3182; 3363: 4142; 4210; 4332; 5102
& 6106 globularia.

Boot—33lla cinerea var. sumatrana.

Bor—8780: 9387; 9391; 11180 & 11554 attenuata: 17838 & 18387
erratica.

BorJA—28139 glomerata.

BORDEN—625; 1180; 1372; 1655; 1663; 2556; 2723; 2940 & UC
accession Nos. 239236 & 239547 glomerata.

BOURDILLON—431; 432: & 505 attenuata.

BRANDIS—392; 409 & 692 cinerea var. andamanica.

BRINKMAN—655 cinerea var. sumatrana; 670 laurina.

BROOKE—10696 uliginosa.

BRUINIER—209; 240 & 274 intermedia.

BRUNIG—SAR 1177 galeata.

BukAH—A3433 latericia var. albifolia.

BUNNEMEIJER—2036 cinerea var. patentinervia.

BurRKILL, I. H.—37607 linifolia.

BUURMAN V. VREEDEN, W.—136 & 137 cinerea var. patentinervia.

BUWALDA—207 cinerea var. cinerea; 3583 & 3625 cinerea var.
sumatrana:;: 3804; 4158 & 4801 cinerea var. cinerea; 6448
‘cinerea var. sumatrana: 6736; 6782 & 6968 cinerea var.
sumatrana; 7658: 7741: 7743: ce & 7769 uliginosa; 7820
intermedia; 7937 korthalsii:

CCALDER—1460 attenuata.

CaLDER & RaMASwaMI, M. S.—403 & 1588 attenuata.
Canicosa—9719 glomerata.

CaSTILLO—646 cinerea var. sumatrana.

CasTRO—4503 latericia var. latericia; 7275 curtisii var. lingui-
formis.

CASTRO & MELEGRITO—1451 cinerea var. sumatrana.

CBE Nos.—CEL I/2 cinerea var. cinerea; CEL II/ 318 & CEL
“ TII/112 tomentella.

CrLestino & J. Ramos—23002 gf as 23062 latericia var.
latericia. |

312

Vol. XVII. (1961).

CENABRE—29232; 29973 & 30099 korthalsii.

CHEVALIER—36744 & 36762 furfuracea; 36875; 37054; 38283;
38438; 38566 & 39179 globularia:

CHIN—252 cinerea var. andamanica.
Cuit—354;'396 & 831 globularia.
CLARK—1086 glomerata.
CLARKE—36267; 40679e & 42324a linifolia; 42348 & 42361
erratica; 43779 cinerea var. andamanica.
CLEMENS—964 & 1111 glomerata; 3467 laurina; 3864 globularia;
4191 cinerea var. andamanica; 4377 globularia; 8354; 10334
~& 10342 kinabaluensis; 20016 cinerea var. patentinervia f.
longipedicellata; 20086 latericia var. latericia; 20345 cinerea
var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 20346 latericia var.
latericia; 21206 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata;,
21207 & 21208 curtisii var. curtisii; 21209 percoriacea; 21599
muscosa; 21600 & 22119 cinerea var. sumatrana; 22120 mus-
cosa; 22291 curtisii var. paludosa; 22539 latericia var. lateri-
cia; 26697 & 26697a kinabaluensis; 28325 latericia var. lateri-
cia; 28354 kinabaluensis; 28766 cinerea var. sumatrana; 29358;
29358bis; 29515; 30283 & 30321 kinabaluensis; 30505 &
30888 cinerea var. sumatrana; 31406 & 31608 kinabaluensis;
— 32027; 32156 & 32202 cinerea var. sumatrana; 32498 kinaba-
luensis; 32852 cinerea var. sumatrana; 33032; 33038; 34094;.
34292 & 40545 kinabaluensis; 42885 korthalsii; 50012 kinaba-
~~ luensis; 50432 curtisii var. linguiformis; 50433 latericia var..
latericia. |
CoLLETT—70 cinerea var. andamanica; 98 linifolia.

Cottins—583 & 817 globularia; 857 erratica; 1775 globularia;
1939 erratica; 1941 globularia.

CONKLIN—17441 & 37576 glomerata.

COoRNER—S.F.N. 26155 curtisii var. paludosa.
CowaN—2 linifolia; 1460 cinerea var. andamanica.
CuaDRA—A1110 & A2407 laurina.

CuBIT—619 cinerea var. andamanica.

CuMING—844; 1042 & 1309 glomerata; 2315 globularia.

CURRAN—5996; 10436 & 10477 glomerata; 10573 kunstleri var:
kunstleri; 17317 & 17462 glomerata.

Dakus—205 laurina.

313

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Daup & TACHUN—S.F. Nos. 35627 cinerea var. patentinervia f.
longipedicellata; 35739 curtisii var. curtisii; 36081 cinerea var.
sumatrana; 36113 membranifolia.

DENT—94 linifolia; 95 cinerea var. andamanica.

DiIcKASON—5394; 5394a; 5542; 5585; 5679; 5828 & 6689 cinerea
var. andamanica; 6813 globularia.

Din—204 linifolia; 316 globularia.

Dorst—TIP 751 curtisii var. paludosa.

DumMaAs—1617 conferta.

EpANo—3241 glomerata; 14233 latericia var. latericia; 45971
glomerata; 77780 & 77789 korthalsii; 78242; 79484; 79136 &
79374 glomerata.

ELBERT—1950; 3396 & 3812 cinerea var. cinerea.

ELGINCOLIN & RANARIO—27765 glomerata.

ELi1as—SAR 8030 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

ELMER—6156; 8228; 8957; 10132; 10960; 10990; 11935 & 12200
glomerata; 12262 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 12757 latericia var.
latericia; 14040 korthalsii; 16229; 16616 & 17565 glomerata:;
20809 latericia var. latericia; 20895 latericia var. albifolia;
21017 laurina; 21040 latericia var. albifolia; 21042 elmeri;
21409 & 21410 latericia var. albifolia; 21527 elmeri.

ENcHAI & ENGGOH—9394 latericia var. latericia; 10377 latifolia:
44569 latericia var. latericia; 49151 latifolia.

ENDERT—59 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2281 laurina; 2434 latericia
var. albifolia; 2436 laurina; 2557 cinerea var. sumatrana;
2586 curtisii var. curtisii; 2713 latifolia; 2721 cinerea var.
cordata; 2822 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3018 curtisii var. cur-
tisii; 3046 cinerea var. cordata; 3062 curtisii var. curtisii;
3141 cinerea var. cordata; 3158 latifolia: 3178 & 3342 latericia
var. latericia; 3559 curtisii var. linguiformis; 4775 ashtonii;
4824 galeata; 4846 & 4889 latifolia; 4932 laurina: 5063 con-
ferta; 5113 latericia var. albifolia; 189E1P905 malayana.

ENGGOH—7250 latericia var. latericia; 10466 curtisii var. lingui-
formis.

EsBEN—34287 glomerata.
Espinosa—6418 glomerata.

EVANGILISTA—878 latericia var. latericia; 949 laurina: 1109 cinerea
var. sumatrana.

FaprA—A4003 latericia var. latericia.

314

Vol. XVII, (1961).

FAIRCHILD—1046 curtisii var. curtisii.

FALCONER—207 & 210 cinerea var. andamanica; 546 linifolia-.

FENIx—4049; 28026 & 28277 glomerata.

FISCHER—4545 attenuata.

FLEuRY—30009; 30114: 30145; 38000 & 39348 globularia.

ForRBES—295 laurina; 486 cinerea var. sumatrana; 542a interme-
dia; 545a laurina; 592 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1306 & 1409
laurina; 2466 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2573 intermedia; 2606
cinerea var. sumatrana; 2683 laurina; 2694 furfuracea; 2718
& 2916 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2997 latifolia; 3141 cinerea
var. sumatrana; 3188 latifolia; 3193 curtisii var. curtisil.

FOREST DEPARTMENT NORTH BoRNEO—F.D. 49116 korthalsii.

FORESTRY STUDENT—34126 glomerata.

FoxwortTHy—1590 glomerata.

FRAKE—38112 & 38259 glomerata.

FRANCK—473 glomerata.

DE FRETES—S5745 tomentella.

GaGE—114 erratica; 123 cinerea var. andamanica; 152 linifolia.

GALLATLY—837 & 898 cinerea var. andamanica.

GAMBLE—483b, d & g linifolia; 2306a; 2307a; 2308a & 6759a

cinerea var. andamanica; 676la & c linifolia: 6768a cinerea
var. andamanica: 7940 & 7941 linifolia.

GiBpBs—2803 korthalsii.
GOKLIN—F.D. 3022 cinerea’ var. sumatrana.
GOODENOUGH—3376 curtisii var. paludosa.

GRASHOFF—101 conferta; 737 cinerea var. patentinervia: 1019
cinerea var. cordata; 1148 laurina.

GRIFFITH—282 linifolia: 692 globularia; 4342 hookeriana: 4343
malayana; 4344 globularia; 4345 conferta & linifolia; 4346
furfuracea; 4347 erratica; 4348 cinerea var. andamanica: 4349
cinerea var. sumatrana: 4359 intermedia.

GUERRERO—30364 glomerata.

GUTIERREZ—3487 tomentella.

HaInes—443 linifolia.

HALLIER—8 cinerea var. sumatrana; 85 uliginosa; 323 two separate
collections, cinerea var. sumatrana and laurina: 766 & 1084
laurina; 1125 & 1192 cinerea var. sumatrana: 2102 & 2207
uliginosa; 2766 korthalsii; 2994 & 3013 cinerea var. cordata;
3358 curtisii var. curtisii.

SS

Gardens Bulletin, S.

HaniFF—376 globularia.

HaniFF & Nur—S.F.N. 2061 linifolia.

HARMAND—602; 771 & 937 globularia.

HAVILAND—526/295 korthalsii; 634 laurina; 1036 (Garai) cinerea
var. Sumatrana; 1440/1086 & 1967 intermedia; 2254/1761
kunstleri var. kunstleri; 3307 latericia var. latericia.

Hayata—376 globularia.

H.B.=(Herb. Bogor, generally Teijsmann & less frequently Die-
penhorst)—478 intermedia; 1754 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3056
laurina; 3057 & 3060 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3091 mandaha-

- ran; 3484 latericia var. latericia; 3550 & 3735 cinerea var.
Sumatrana.

HEINIG—218 cinerea var. andamanica. _

HHENDERSON—S.F. Nos. 20250 & 20372 furfuracea.

Henry—11780; 11780a & 11780b erratica.

HERB. HEYNEANUM—6423a attenuata.

HILDEBRAND—8 laurina.

HoOFFMANN—6541 & 6609 cinerea var. sumatrana.

HoLMAN—81 glomerata.

HOOKER Fit. & THOMSON—126; 128: 566 & 1038 linifolia: 1040
erratica; 1082 cinerea var. andamanica.

HorsFIELD—1bis laurina.

Hort. Boc. Cultivated—IVG 83 & IVG 93 cinerea var. suma-
trana: HG 85 intermedia.

HUuLLETT—793 laurina.

_ HuLSTIIN—368 cinerea var. cinerea.

HuTCHINSON—108; 3961 & 3985 korthalsii; 6110 & 7560 glome-
rata. ,
IBoET—159 furfuracea; 164 cinerea var. sumatrana; 178 laurina:

400 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ILAGAN—35487 glomerata.

Ja Nos.—1502; 1547; 1790; 2036 & 2448 cinerea var. sumatrana;
2502 laurina; 2505; 2533; 2919; 6171: 6192: 6202: 6574: 6610:
6611; 6615; 6676; 6688 & 6786 cinerea var. sumatrana;
6886 intermedia. |

Jacoss, M.—5030 cinerea var. cordata; 5081 cinerea var. suma-
trana; 5100 cinerea var. cordata; 5112 pectinata; 5223 curtisii
var. curtisii; 5235 woodii; 5355; 5356 & 5393 latericia var.
albifolia; 5400 woodii. | |

316

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

JAGARMANI—495 linifolia.

JAHERI—129 cinerea var. sumatrana; 354 curtisii var. curtisii; 611
ashtonii; 619 cinerea var. sumatrana: 740 latifolia; 914 lateri-
cia var. latericia; 927 latericia var. albifolia; 984 latifolia;
1133 & 1755 cinerea var. sumatrana.

JIMENEZ—27048 korthalsii.

JUNGHUHN—(15) cinerea var. sumatrana; (56) & (57) laurina; 558
cinerea var. sumatrana: 560 laurina; 561 cinerea var. suma-
trana: 716 laurina.

KapIM b. TAassIM-——287 curtisii var. paludosa.
Kapir—A934 conferta; A988 & F.D. 10219 latifolia. ©
Kapir & ENGGOH—10342 korthalsii.

KaHAR—10219 latifolia.

KAMPH#VENER—2804 glomerata.

KANEHIRA—2511 korthalsil.

KANJILAL, U.—1893 & 4050 erratica; 4705 linifolia; 6275 erratica:
4804 attenuata.

Kapis b. SISIRON & WonGc, MICHAEL—SAN 17260 laurina.

KEITH—9284 & 44481 latericia var. latericia.

Kep. F. Nos.—68774 hookeriana; 80695 kunstleri var. kunstleri-

KERR—2120 laurina; 2518 furfuracea; 3122; 5159; 5470 & 5547
cinerea var. andamanica; 5621 furfuracea; 5842 globularia;
6446 & 6447 cinerea var..andamanica; 6863 globularia; 8168:
8193 & 8311 globularia; 9383 erratica; 9430 & 9553 globuia-
ria; 9849 & 10423 laurina; 11169 & 11650 globularia; 11663
cinerea var. andamanica; 12524; 12699; 12786 & 13852 glo-
bularia: 13990 laurina; 14080; 14735 & 15127 globularia:
15156 laurina; 15309 cinerea var. sumatrana: 16016 globu-
laria: 16326 laurina; 16599 & 16686 globularia; 16818 laurina;
17078 cinerea var. sumatrana; 17607 erratica: 17671: 18556

~ & 18906 globularia.
KHAN, M.S.A.—41 attenuata. }
KrAH—S.F. Nos. 37123 & 37148 curtisii var. paludosa.

KiInG—97; 125; 412 & 496 linifolia; 536 cinerea var. andamanica:
605 & 2346 linifolia: 2439 erratica; 5084 linifolia.

KirRAT RAM—3658 cinerea var. andamanica.

KJELLBERG—621 tomentella; 1131 cinerea var. cinerea: 1608: 1807:
2006 & 2494 tomentella.

317

Gardens Bulletin, S.

KLEMME—2090 also numbered 7058 glomerata; 11266 glomerata
(acuminata) not seen; 13417 glomerata.

Koss, C. BoDEN—6936 laurina; S.F. Nos. 13092 laurina; 14496
& 14569 cinerea var. sumatrana: 19002 laurina; 19066 fur-
furacea; 19186 latifolia.

KoorpDERS—3491 & 3492 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5238; 5239;
5240 & 5242 intermedia; 5243; 5244; 5245 & 5247 cinerea
var. sumatrana; 5248 intermedia; 5250 & 5251 laurina; 5253;
5254; 5255 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5256 laurina; 5257; 5258
& 5259 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5260 laurina; 5262 intermedia;
5263 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5267 intermedia; 5269 &
5273 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5274 & 5275 laurina; 5276
cinerea var. sumatrana; 5277 laurina; 5278 & 5279 cinerea var.
sumatrana; 5280 laurina; 5281; 5282; 5283; 5285; 5286; 5287:
5288; 5289; 5290; 5291; 3292; 529335295; 3298, deo ities
cinerea var. sumatrana; 10385 cinerea var. cordata; 10531
cinerea var. sumatrana; 10532 globularia; 11197 laurina;
11790 intermedia; 11791 cinerea var. sumatrana; 11793 inter-
media; 11794; 12046; 12048; 12174; 12183 & 12212 cinerea
var. sumatrana; 12277 & 12294 intermedia; 12399; 12404;
12423; 13084; 13147; 13148; 13257; 13270; 13335; 13561;
14258; 14616; 14617; 14618; 14619 & 15670 cinerea var.
sumatrana; 15522 intermedia; 15670 cinerea var. suma-
trana; 17498 & 18130 cinerea var. cinerea; 18132 tomentella;
18134; 18135 & 18140 cinerea var. cinerea; 18152; 18167
& 18169 tomentella; 20084; 20286; 21051: 21607; 21634;
21907; 21913; 22777; 22838; 23513 & 23943 cinerea var.
sumatrana; 24031 laurina; 24289; 24291; 24686, 25620;
25635; 25732 & 25779 cinerea var. sumatrana; 26924 & 26936
laurina; 26938 & 26940 cinerea var. sumatrana; 26942 laurina;
27158; 27184; 27481; 28613; 29021 & 30294 cinerea var. su-
matrana; 30470 intermedia; 30472 cinerea var. sumatrana
31018 laurina; 32291 & 32714 cinerea var. sumatrana; 33063
intermedia; 33082 cinerea var. sumatrana; 33122 intermedia;
33419 & 33441 laurina; 33572; 33609; 33866 & 33889 cinerea
var. sumatrana; 33939 & 37501 laurina; 38902 & 39343 cine-
rea var. sumatrana; 40511 laurina; 42238 cinerea var. sumat-

rana; 42239 & 42783 laurina; 44595 & 52548 cinerea var.
sumatrana.

KorTHALS—(17) cinerea var. sumatrana; (25) laurina: (99) curtisii
var. arenosa.

318

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

KOSTERMANS—28 furfuracea; 646 tomentella; 3555 cinerea var.
cordata: 4046 conferta; 4060 percoriacea; 4094 galeata; 4164
percoriacea; 4301 latifolia; 4327 cinerea var. sumatrana; 4382
membranifolia; 4436 latifolia; 4535 percoriacea; 4745 tomen-
tella; 4831 laurina; 4854 & 4869 membranifolia; 4927 curtisii
var. arenosa; 5103 & 5209 cinerea var. cordata; 5233 latericia
var. latericia; 5351 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5355 cinerea var.
cordata; 5449 latericia var. latericia; 5568 cinerea var. cor-
data; 5690 latericia var. albifolia; 5755 korthalsii; 5778 &
6713 latifolia; 6730 & 6731 percoriacea; 7062 galeata; 7367
laurina; 7396 latericia var. latericia; 7942 curtisii var. lingui-
formis; 7964 latericia var. latericia; 8634 conferta; 8636 lati-
folia; 8653 curtisii var. arenosa; 8662 & 8686 conferta: 8903 ©
laurina; 8934 conferta; 8948 & 8950 laurina: 9017 and 9059
conferta; 9121 latifolia; 9130 conferta; 9536 membranifolia;
9667 laurina; 9762 cinerea var. cordata; 9764 curtisii var.
arenosa; 9880 & 9945 percoriacea; 9948 cinerea var. suma-
trana; 10148 latifolia; 10194 curtisii var. arenosa; 10286 &
10359 conferta; 10415 cinerea var. cordata; 10451 & 10559
cinerea var. sumatrana; 10635 woodii; 10713 furfuracea; 12577
cinerea var. sumatrana; 12800 conferta; 12816 latifolia; 13355
korthalsii; 13694 woodii; 13721 latericia var. latericia; 13900
cinerea var. sumatrana.

KOSTERMANS & ANDONG—5 laurina.

KOSTERMANS & ANTA—184 intermedia; 652 cinerea var. suma-
trana; 691 latericia var. latericia; 922 cinerea var. sumatrana
and also cinerea var. patentinervia mounted on the L sheet:
1181 laurina; 1299 cinerea var. sumatrana.

KOSTERMANS, KUSWATA, SOEGENG & SOEPADMO—238: 285 & 298
cinerea var. sumatrana.

KOSTERMANS & VAN WOERDEN—85 laurina.

KRUKOFF—4082 mandaharan; 4087 cinerea var. rubens: 4289 &
4445 hookeriana.

KUNTZE—4996 laurina.

Kurz—983 cinerea var. andamanica; 985 linifolia: 1522 inter-
media; 2431 cinerea var. andamanica; 2432 & 2433 linifolia:
26088 laurina.

Lace—4649 linifolia; 4762 cinerea var. andamanica; 4801 laurina;
5093 cinerea var. andamanica.

LAKSHNAKARA—440 globularia; 508 cinerea var. andamanica; 509
globularia; 754 malayana.

LAMANILAO—34269 glomerata.

319

Gardens Bulletin, S.

LAMBACH—1296 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1335 hookeriana; 1348
intermedia.

Laurie—5474 attenuata.

Lawson—93 attenuata.

LEEUWEN, DOocTERS v.—2285 & 2873 laurina.
LEEUWEN, D.v. & SMITH, J.J.—545 laurina.
LEIBERG—6152 glomerata.

LISTER—47; 74; 336 & 382 linifolia.
Losp—315 intermedia.

LoHER—6702; 6711; 6712; 6713; 6714 & 6720 glomerata; 12390;
12630 & 13390 tomentella.

LORZING—4585 mandaharan; 4623 curtisii var. curtisii; 5258 hoo-
keriana; 5538 laurina; 5780 cinerea var. sumatrana; 7467
cinerea var. rubens; 7512 hookeriana; 10124 curtisii var.
curtisii..

Low—FI acc. Nos. 7787; 7787a; 7787b & 7787c furfuracea.
LUTJEHARMS—4421 laurina.
/MaIpIN, Mp—1737 & 4145 latericia var. latericia.

MAIN—2065 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 2067
latifolia; 2098 uliginosa.

MasuyaPp—10169. & 48943 latifolia; 55250 furfuracea.
Mann—345 erratica.

MANUEL—21639 glomerata.

MarADJo—57 cinerea var. sumatrana; 279 laurina.
Marcan—1386 laurina.

MARIANO—27159 laurina.

MasTers—1122 & 1400 linifolia.

Maunc Tay—2371 linifolia.

McGrecor—245; 10344; 18576 & 22974 glomerata.
McLEan, CATALAN. & PERALTA—129 kunstleri var. kunstleri.
MEDINA—23537 glomerata.

MEEBOLD—8568 attenuata: 15182 & 17027 1inaeete

‘Meier, W.—1874 conferta; 2081; 2094; 2161 & 2184 laurina; 2327
elmeri; 2521 curtisii var. curtisii; 2533 furfuracea; 2590a cur-
tisii var. curtisii; 4075. mandaharan; SAN 19436 korthalsii.

MELEGRITO—A4247 laurina.
MENDOzA—4291 Jaurina.

°320

Vol. XVII. (1961).

MERRILL—504 & 2533 glomerata; 9764 korthalsii.
MEYER, R.—2815 glomerata.

MEYER & FoxworRTHy—13569 glomerata.
Miranpa—11880 & 18942 korthalsii.

Monr, v.d. MEER—82 laurina.

Monpr—205 laurina..

MotTLey—113 latericia var. latericia; 1146 korthalsii.
MouLTON—S.F.N. 6722 laurina.

MoussET—1139 cinerea var. sumatrana.
MULLER—367; 898 & 1002 globularia.

NaTIveE COLLECTOR, SARAWAK—164 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 2483
latericia var. latericia; 2648 membranifolia: 5280 korthalsii.

NICHOLSON & CHARRINGTON—SAN 17749 latifolia.
NICHOLSON & PATRICK PING SAM—SAN 17682 latifolia.
NOERKAS—447 cinerea var. cinerea.

OcaMPo—27913 glomerata.

ONGGIB—9395 & 44570 latericia var. latericia; 49055=(10281)
galeata.

Oro—30833 glomerata.
OTIK—4913 latericia var. latericia.
PARAISO—26280 glomerata.
PARKER—2237 linifolia.

PARKINSON—93:; 284; 315; 348 & 630 cinerea var. andamanica;
392 linifolia; 706; 712 & 764 cinerea var. andamanica; 1995 &
2065 globularia; 5012 linifolia. -

PascuaL—10181 latericia var. latericia; 28794 glomerata.
PATIL—2537 attenuata.

PAYMANS—1 & 2 conferta; 52 laurina; 61 & 74 conferta; 83 lateri-
cia var. albifolia; 127 conferta.

PeaL—90 & 142 linifolia.

PELLA—60 tomentella.

PENNEK, SUTAN—101 conferta.

PERALTA—35480 glomerata.

PETELOT—1546; 2625; 5375; 5683; 5720; 5825 & 6608 globularia.

PHUNG v. DIEN—135 globularia.

PICKLES—SAR Nos. 3405; 3477 & 3611 laurina; 3624; 3738 &
3757 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3850 latericia var. latericia.

321

Gardens Bulletin, S.

PING SAM, PATRICK—SAN Nos. 1883 tateridia var. albifolia; 19211
korthalsii.

PIERRE—5; 22; 26 & 66 cinerea var. andamanica; 260 globularia;
1627 furfuracea; 5431 globularia; 5432 laurina; 5461 linifolia;
5469 cinerea var. sumatrana.

PoILANE—1581 & 1741 globularia; 2500 cinerea var. andamanica;
5128 globularia; 6335 furfuracea; 6600 globularia; 6663 fur-
furacea; 7990; 8073 & 8079 globularia coriaceous form:
10486; 16297 & 17567 globularia; 18219 laurina; 20004 &
22854 globularia; 23677 laurina; 25188 globularia; 27815 &
28917 laurina; 29203 globularia; 29454 laurina; 29527 lini-
folia; 29919 globularia.

Po Kant—130; 981 & 2044 cinerea var. andamanica; 11381 globu-
laria: 13230 cinerea var. andamanica.

PoncE—25076 kunstleri var. surigaoensis.

PRAIN—141 cinerea var. andamanica; 680 linifolia.
PRAZER—7890 linifolia.

PuasA—1438 korthalsii; 1985 latifolia; 2256 (D.D. Wood) latericia
var. latericia; 4587 elmeri; 7126 latericia var. latericia.

Puasa & ENGGOH—10685 & 55168 woodii.

PURSEGLOVE—4549; 4674 latericia var. lunduensis; 4680 latericia
var. latericia; 5009 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 5041 cinerea
var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 5047 furfuracea; 5188
& 5217 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5367 latericia var. lunduensis.

PuT—638; 669; 834; 1262 & 2751 globularia.
QUITOLES—34366 glomerata.

RACHMAT—160 cinerea var. cinerea.

RAFAEL & PONCE—20745 glomerata.

RAHMAT St BOEEA=(RAHMAT SI TOROES)—2411 laurina; 3230
cinerea var. sumatrana; 4008 intermedia; 4413 & 5027 laurina:
5593 cinerea var. patentinervia; 6022 cinerea var. rubens; 6802
cinerea var. sumatrana; 6887 intermedia; 7023 malayana;
7414 laurina; 7982 & 8054 intermedia; 9131 cinerea var.
sumatrana; 9539 laurina.

Ramos, M.—504 & 1072 glomerata: 1278 latifolia; 1433 laurina;
1482 glomerata; 1530 latifolia; 1663 laurina; 1664 latifolia;
1706 tomentella; 1721 laurina; 1729 latifolia; 1757 laurina;
1902 latifolia; 2638; 8266 & 10957 glomerata; 13358 kun-
stleri var. kunstleri; 15277; 17590 & 21980 glomerata; 24276
& 24430 tomentella; 33094; 33095; 39614; 40865; 40924;
41105 & 80445 glomerata.

322

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Ramos J. & CELESTINO, M.—23002 glomerata; 23062 latericia
var. latericia.

Ramos & CONvocaR—83445 korthalsii; 83606 glomerata.
Ramos & DEROY—22574 & 22583 glomerata.

Ramos, M. & EDANO— 22574; 22583; 26423; 28595; 29268; 30948
& 31461 glomerata; 33456 & 33631 kunstleri var. kunstleri;
36633 korthalsii; 36682 glomerata; 36828 korthalsii; 36854
glomerata: 36879 glomerata; 37027 korthalsii; 37079 glo-
merata; 37330; 37366 & 37443 korthalsii; 37444 & 44119
glomerata; 44288 korthalsii; 48143 & 49330 glomerata;
49729, 49747, 49811 & 49851 korthalsii; 75339 & 75534
glomerata.

Ramos & PAScASIO—34569 glomerata.

Rao—5644. linifolia; 5727 cinerea var. andamanica.
REILLO—15421 & 15472 korthalsu.

REINWARDT—(6); (7) & (8) cinerea var. sumatrana; (9) intermedia.
RENSCH—1466 cinerea var. cinerea.

Risu & RHOMOoO—4087 linifolia.

RICHARDS—1107 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1220 laurina.
RIDLEY—1833 & 6447 communis; 8504 ashtonii.
RIEDEL—5698 cinerea var. cinerea.

ROBINSON—236; 237 & 238 tomentella.

Rock—1892 globularia; 2030 & 2384 erratica.

Rocer, A.—806 cinerea var. andamanica; 816 linifolia.
Rocers, C. G.—142 cinerea var. andamanica: 826 linifolia.
ROSENBLUTH—12744 glomerata.

ROSENBLUTH & TAMESIS—12690 glomerata.

VAN RossuM—63 conferta.

ROXBURGH—252 linifolia.

RUTTEN—2103 tomentella.

SABLAYA—52 tomentella.

SADONG—2648 membranifolia.

SANUSI b. TAHIR—SAR 9249 kunstleri var. kunstleri.
SANTAPAU—1316 & 1979 attenuata.

SATOR—815 latericia var. latericia.

SAUVEUR—17 percoriacea; 24 latifolia; 111 & 112 latericia var.
albifolia; 122 percoriacea.

323

Gardens Bulletin, S.

SCHIFFNER—1980 laurina.

SCHMIDT—516 & 581 globularia; 690 erratica; 831 & 880 globu-
laria. .

SEDGWICK—3169 attenuata.
SEDGWICK & BELL—6059 attenuata.

SENADA—SAR Nos. 2027 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 10111 cinerea
var. Sumatrana.

SHAH, Mp—62 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 72 stenophylla; 81 scor-
techinii; 88 stenophylla; 126 scortechinii; 471 & 520 cinerea
var. patentinervia; 526 communis; 535 malayana; 536 fur-
furacea.

SIMMONS—704 erratica.

SINCLAIR—9006 & 9224 kinabaluensis; 9282 & 9291 laurina; 9294
curtisii var. linguiformis; 9296 latericia var. albifolia; 9298
woodii; 9299 & 9311 elmeri; 9454 & 9553 glomerata; 9885;
9907 & 9908 retusa; 10010 cinerea var. sumatrana: 10029
(Hort. Bog. IVH87) tomentella; 10183 curtisii var. arenosa;
10189 galeata; 10191 rufa; 10238 kunstleri var. kunstleri;
10244 percoriacea; 10267 rufa; 10271 & 10275 ashtonii; 10289
cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 10297 latifolia;
10301 galeata; 10339 cinerea var. cordata; 10340 pectinata;
10341 cinerea var. cordata; 10360 latericia var. lunduensis;
10361 cinerea var. sumatrana; 10375 latericia var. lunduensis;
10376 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 10381
latericia var. lunduensis; 10442 curtisii var. amoena; 10451
rufa; 10465 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 10546 & 10547 galeata.
S.F. Nos. 40280; 40368 and 40717 communis.

SMITINAND—1357 laurina; 1545 globularia; 2720 furfuracea.
SMYTHIES—SAR 12511 cinerea var. cordata.
SOEGANDIREDJA—274 laurina.

Sow—K.F. Nos. 71651 cinerea var. sumatrana; 71654 a small form
of the preceding; 80161 laurina; 80168 cinerea var. cordata.

VAN STEENIS—654 & 1335 intermedia; 1349 & 2842 laurina; 3433
cinerea var. sumatrana; 3765 intermedia; 10092 mandaharan;
11200; 12614 & 12615 laurina.

VAN STRAELEN—13 cinerea var. sumatrana.

SuLIT, M.D.—3224 glomerata; 6092 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 7053
& 7054 glomerata; 12456 latericia var. latericia; 14324 kun-
stleri var. kunstleri; 14417 & 22880 glomerata.

Suit, M.D. & CONKLIN—17628 glomerata.

324

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

SuLIT, M.D.; MENDOzA & STUDENT—20 glomerata.

SUMAGUE—37301 glomerata.

SUTAN PENNEK—101. conferta.

Su’uT ALI—SAR 7746 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

TALBOT—32; 41; 108; 272; 273 & 582 attenuata.

TAMESIS—11932 & 11946 glomerata.

TANDOM—1796 latericia var. latericia.

TEISMANN—475 cinerea var. sumatrana: 478 intermedia; 484
laurina; 1754 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1991 tomentella; 3057
cinerea var. sumatrana; 3091 mandaharan; 3475 cinerea var.
patentinervia; 3550; 3620; 3640 & 3641 cinerea var. suma-
trana; 3689 & 3718 laurina; 3735 cinerea var. sumatrana;
3745 furfuracea; 3791 & 3924 cinerea var. sumatrana: 5019
tomentella; 7685: 7685a; 8230 & 8674 cinerea var. suma-

-trana; 8679 uliginosa; 11733 cinerea var. cinerea; 11735
tomentella; 12187; 12226 & 12555 cinerea var. cinerea.

TEUSMANN & DE VRIESE—1991 & 5019 tomentella.
THoREL—1154 globularia; 2152 cinerea var. andamanica.

THORENAAR—S9; 75; 269 & 356 cinerea var. sumatrana; 189EIP
1006; 91T3P251 & T683 malayana.

TopPIN—6032 linifolia.

ToxoPpEUS—867 tomentella.

TsanG—27429 & 27516 globularia.

Ursa & WastsatT—See Ja numbers.

VALERA—1858 latifolia; 3816 laurina.

VANPRUK—775 globularia.

VELASCO—26652 glomerata.

VERHOEF—78 latericia var. latericia.

VipaL, J.—790 & 791 laurina; 1756 & 2250 globularia.

Via “y 'S.S.507; 509 & 1679 glomerata in FI & L. the K.
duplicate is'M. agusanensis; 3547 & 3548 korthalsii; 3549
& 3551 glomerata; 3554 & 3555 korthalsii; 3557; 3559: 3564

~" & 3566 glomerata; 3568 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 3571 & 3572

~~ -glomerata.

VILLAMIL—241 latericia var. latericia.

DE Voocp—463 intermedia: 1640 cinerea var. cinerea.

DE VRIESE—(28); (47) & (66) mandaharan.

WAALKES, J. VAN BoRssUM—402 & 587 cinerea var. sumatrana.

325

Gardens Bulletin, S.

WALL. CaT. (WALL. HERB., KEw)—6788 (missionis) globularia;
6791 attenuata; 6794 (lanceolata Wall.) globularia & a small
bit of M. fragrans mounted with it; 6801 (longifolia Wall.)
linifolia; 6802a hookeriana; 6802b probably Lauraceae; 6810
(glaucescens Jack) plumulosa.

Wana, C. W.—73168 & 78230 erratica; 80634 globularia.

WarRBURG—1738 laurina; 1739 cinerea var. sumatrana: 1742
tomentella; 1743 intermedia; 2499 laurina; 2500 intermedia;
3184 cinerea var. sumatrana; 11589; 11590; 13303: 13303a;
13304; 13641; 13644; 13644a & 13803 glomerata; 16718 &
16719 tomentella.

WARD, KINGDON F.—5534 erratica; 7913 cinerea var. andamanica.

WENZEL—743 & 1134 glomerata; 1913bis tomentella; 2513
& 2783 korthalsii; 2789 glomerata; 2860 _ kunstleri
var. surigaoensis; 2979 glomerata; 3048 kunstleri var. suri-
gaoensis; 3342 korthalsii; 3411 glomerata: 3474 & 3485 kun-
stleri var. surigaoensis.

WHITFORD—366 & 520 glomerata.

WHITFORD & HUTCHINSON—6026 & 9107 glomerata; 9310 kor-
thalsii; 9385 glomerata.

WIGHT—869; 873: 1075: 2484; 2486; 2487 & 2490 attenuata.
WILLIAMS—900; 901; 2340; 2876; 2892 & 2911 glomerata.
WINCKEL—308 cinerea var. sumatrana.

Winit—216 globularia; 265 cinerea var. andamanica; 1577 lini-
folia; 15195 furfuracea.

WINKLER, HUBERT—308 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2110 percoriacea;
2390 latifolia; 2460 membranifolia: 2466 & 2467 communis;
2546 membranifolia; 2753 korthalsii.

Woop, D.D.—931 korthalsii; 1985 latifolia; 2256 (Puasa) latericia
var. latericia.

Woop, G.H.S.—A Nos. 1996 latericia var. latericia; 1997 latifolia;
2917 & 3957 latericia var. latericia; 3962 woodii; 4139 elmeri:
4665 latericia var. albifolia; 4787 laurina; 4792 latifolia—
SAN Nos. 15382 latericia var. latericia; 15394 latericia var.
albifolia; 15430 furfuracea; 16012 laurina; 16286 pectinata;
16322 curtisii var. linguiformis; 16669 cinerea var. alpina;
16709 latericia var. latericia; 16733 cinerea var. suma-
trana: 16749 percoriacea; 16815 laurina; 16918 latericia var.
latericia—K.F. Nos. 71868 kunstleri var. kunstleri: 71870
scortechinii.

326

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Woop, G.H.S. & CHARRINGTON—SAN Nos. 15388 woodii; 16515
latericia var. latericia.

Woop, G.H.S. & Kapir B. ABDUL—SAN 17049 membranifolia.

Woop, G.H.S. & KAPIS B. SISIRON—SAN 15293 latericia var.
latericia; SAN 16449 kinabaluensis.

Woop, G.H.S. & KILANG—SAN 16643 elmeri.

Woop, G.H.S. & WyaTT-SMITH—A Nos. 4237 cinerea var. suma-
trana, small form; 4400 laurina; 4484 kinabaluensis; 4578
cinerea var. sumatrana; 4582 ashtonii—K.F. Nos. 80343 &
80346 kinabaluensis; 80439 laurina.

WyATT-SMITH—K.F. Nos. 64726 scortechinii; 71059 stenophylla;
71085 furfuracea; 76413 & 76456 laurina.

YATES—1715 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1819 cinerea var. rubens.
ZAINAL ABIDIN—21 curtisii var. arenosa.

ZOLLINGER—809 cinerea var. sumatrana; 825; 996 & 998 laurina:
1163 intermedia; 1398 & 2650 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ZSCHOKKE—15396 glomerata.
ZWICKEY—228 & 655 glomerata: 784 korthalsii.

327

J. A. le Doux

JACQUES ALPHONSE LE Dowux, friend and correspondent of mem-
bers of the staff of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, for more than
fifty years, died in the Johore General Hospital on Ist April, 1961,
at the age of 80. Ree.

Le Doux was born at Liverpool (according to the Sunday Times
of 2nd April), but spent his boyhood at a country house at East
Molesey in Surrey, near the river Thames, opposite Hampton
Court. His father had a large garden, with greenhouses containing
orchids and other tropical plants, and thus began the interest in
plants (and perhaps the call of the tropics) that lasted all his life.
With his brother Gustave he volunteered for service in the war
in South Africa, and remained. in that country until 1906, when
he again joined his brother, who had previously come to a tin
mine in Johore. |

Jacques soon turned from tin-mining to rubber-planting, in the
Kota Tinggi district, where he remained for the rest of his life.
After working on several estates, he established his own small
rubber plantation at the 3rd mile, Mawai Road, calling it
Tutankhamen Estate. There I first visited him in 1925, and found
that he was known to Malays in the neighbourhood as “Tuan
Jack’. Later, through no fault of his own, he lost this property,
and built a house for himself in an area of orchard land, which
he called “The Dusun’, on the other side of the road. He was
there at the time of the Japanese invasion of Malaya, and was
interned in Singapore during the years 1942-45. In the civilian
internment camp he became friendly with George Peet, of the
Straits Times editorial staff. Peet was impressed by le Doux’s
local knowledge of the countryside, its people and natural history,
and after the war persuaded him to allow publication of some
reminiscences in the Sunday Times. | remember le Doux telling
me that he was very hesitant about publication, and that, though
Peet wished him to write more, he doubted if he could do so. But
he was persuaded to continue, and Tuan Djek’s “Countryman’s
Journal” became a regular feature of the Sunday Times, so that
he and his dusun, the cook and the cook’s growing family, the
neighbours and the plants and animals which interested him,
became well known to a large public in Malaya.

Early in his planting career le Doux established contact with
H. N. Ridley, and sent him specimens of plants from time to time,
calling at the Gardens on his occasional visits to Singapore, and

328

ee eS ee ee

>

Photo: R. E. Holttum

J. A> LE Doox

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

he continued this practice when I. H. Burkill followed Ridley as
Director. I first met him at the Director’s house, at a tea-time call,
in 1922. In 1925 I stayed a long week-end with him at Easter,
and we climbed Gunong Panti and also went into the Pelepah
valley between G. Panti and G. Muntahak. At both localities,
then and later, we found many interesting plants, some of which
are apparently quite local. A year or two later he stayed for a time
at a small house in Tanglin Road, Singapore, and kept a fine col-
lection of varieties of Spathoglottis plicata in pots. His interest in
these plants led me to look at them critically, as I had not troubled
to do previously, and the results were recorded in a paper in the
Malayan Orchid Review. This was my first study of a group of
varieties of cultivated plants; it was for me a valuable experience
which I owed to le Doux. I learnt from him also about his methods
of cultivation of these plants, and this led to an improvement of
those we had at the Gardens.

In subsequent years we corresponded and exchanged brief visits
from time to time, and I learnt much from him in many ways.
He had an observant eye, and noted the flowering and fruiting
of the many different native trees and other plants around the
dusun, as well as of his fruit trees. Among the plants he showed
me in his later years were two bamboos on the bank of the stream
near his house. One was the blowpipe bamboo, the other the only
example I have seen in Malaya of Gigantochloa maxima, a variety
of which is widely planted in Java; I think this species must have
been brought by man from lower Burma. In 1952 le Doux wrote
to me that this bamboo was flowering, and when I went to gather
some flowers I walked down the road to a neighbouring kampong
with him and found yet another bamboo which was previously
very little known; this was Bambusa heterostachya, for 70 years
only known from the original collection made near Malacca. Le
Doux was equally interested in all kinds of animals, and corres-
ponded frequently with zoologists at Raffles Museum, the Uni-
versity of Malaya, and the Institute for Medical Research.

Le Doux was a kindly and modest person, with a quiet dry
humour in his conversation that made him always a good com-
_panion, whether in pleasure or adversity. He lived latterly detached
from the world, which in general he appeared to regard with an
amused tolerance, though upon occasion his comments could be
caustic. There must be many who, like myself, remember him for
kis unobtrusive but stimulating help and his firm ie
. Requiescat in pace.

R. E. HOLTTUM.
329

Review

THE GRASSES OF BURMA, CEYLON, INDIA AND PAKISTAN (exclud-
ing Bambuseae) by N. L. Bor, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1960.

pp. 767 with 80 line drawings, indexed. £8 net.

Dr. Bor, who was formerly the Assistant Director of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew and before that in the Indian Forest Service
where he served for many years in Assam, has produced in this
volume a monumental contribution to our knowledge of the grasses
not only of the sub-continent of India but of South-east Asia gene-
rally, for a substantial number of the grasses named and keyed in
this volume occur both to the west as far as Tropical and Sub-
tropical Africa and to the East as far as Queensland and Tropical
‘North Australia.

The book consists of 2 parts—a general part dealing with mor-
phology, dispersal, the use of grasses and with obnoxious grasses,
and the second part dealing with the detailed systematics. The
section on morphology is well balanced and not unexpectedly
reaches the general conclusion that in the Gramineae “there exists
the most extraordinary mosaic cf characters”. The homologies of
the palea with the prophyllum are carefully worked out and the
author accepts the view that the ovary is 3-carpellary. Two unex-
pected roles for grasses are surely that of Garnotia arborum which
is an epiphytic in moses on tree trunks or on rocks and Hubbardia
leptoneuron a true waterfall spray species with leaves as thin as a
filmy fern.

Dr. Bor concludes that the great majority of grasslands in India
are seral and “fire is the factor which maintains a grassland of tall
grasses”. Further “if grazing is added to fire the tall grassland is
replaced by a grassland of depauperated species”. Malayans will
note with interest that Imperata “is the most aggressive of them all”
and that our familiar Siam weed (Eupatorium odoratum) “is cap-
able of ousting Imperata cylindrica’. The lessons to be drawn
from the proper management of lawns for the guidance of those
developing grazing for animals are not drawn and perhaps this is
not surprising when the phenomena of selective grazing are referred
to as “choosey”. However, Anker-Ladefoged’s work in Ceylon

indicating a necessity to match the quality of the grazing animal
with the quality of the sward is quoted.

330

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

The discussion of aromatic species and their oils is valuable,
and the increasing use of grasses for the manufacture of coarse
papers is noted. The recommendation of Rhynchelytrum repens
as a “most attractive subject in a garden” evokes a rueful smile
as this is a familiar, if attractive, weed in many parts of Malaya.

The chapter on obnoxious grasses is mainly concerned with the
well known phenomenon of hydrocyanic acid poisoning following
wilting and the troublesome “weeds” exemplified by our all too
familiar Jmperata or Lalang.

In the systematic part, a number of new tribes not used before in
describing the flora of India are included. The research from which
the origin of many of these new tribes has originated is well ex-
emplified by the exposition of the puzzling position of Gymno-
pogon resulting from the study of its anatomy. It would appear to
be neither a number of the Chlorideae nor of the Perotideae; what
then?

This multiplication of tribal names is so considerable that one
wonders whether it is not going too far. For example, there are 4
new tribal names in this local flora (howbeit, dealing with an
enormous area of the earth’s surface) which do not appear in
Hubbard’s last full account of the grasses in the 2nd edition of
Hutchinson’s “Families of Flowering Plants” which is little more
than a year older. The contrast between the Pooid sub-family
with its 36 tribes and the Panicoid sub-family with 3 tribes is
most striking. There is no doubt of course that it is easier to give a
satisfactory key to 36 tribes in the first instance than to try and key
the Pooid group as a whole, though even here the author is forced
to give a paragraph of exceptions. The keys are, in fact, the sub-
stance of the descriptive portion of this work and it is pleasant to
note in almost every case dimensions are expressed as ranges of
size rather than absolute figures. The tribes, genera and species
are all dealt with in strictly alphabetical order—the species in each
genus being listed seriatim; varieties when listed appear under
species. The synonymy is carefully presented with full and com-
plete references so that the application of the international rules of
nomenclature is explicit. It is always helpful, especially. to the non-
expert endeavouring to identify a grass, to be able to confirm key-
ing by a careful comparison with a full description. For example,
this is possible when using Dr. Stapf’s descriptions in the flora of
Tropical Africa. Here this can not be attempted. Again, reference
to authentic herbarium material is also helpful and one would have
liked to see a more generous quotation of exsiccata.

331

Gardens Bulletin, S-

In certain cases Dr. Bor has been bold enough to use names
such as e.g. Sporobolus indicus auctt. non (Linn.) R. Br. This
indicates that “Sporobolus indicus (Linn.) R. Br.” is a “complex
which requires much field study for its resolution”, a kind of pro-’
blem which is familiar not only to agrostologists but to most taxo-
nomic workers. Few botanists have, however, been bold enough to
deal with it in this forthright way before. A further innovation at
least in volumes dealing with grasses but quite usual for instance
when dealing with orchids—is the record of two bigeneric hybrids.
These are the well-known artificial hybrid Euchlaezea mertonensis
Janaki and Elymordeum which is recorded from Chitral.

The student of evolution will find curious facts: —“the glumes of
Lopholepis ornithocephala and Latipes senegalensis are so fan-
tastic as to defy any rational explanation as to how or why such
shapes evolve”. In the two species Panicum elegantissimum and
Ichnanthus vicinus “the grain, tightly enclosed between the lemma
and palea, appears to turn through 90° when mature so that,
instead of facing the lower lemma, it is at right angles to it. This
may be of some advantage to the plant, but it is difficult to think
what it might be”.

There are some odd statements—thus the unnumbered Bromus
macrostachys “‘has not so far been found in our area, but it is ex-
tremely probable that it will be found in Northwestern Pakistan”.
Again while as far as possible an illustration for each tribe has.
been chosen one is puzzled at the choice of Lygeum spartum
“which may have escaped from a garden” in Kashmir, especially
as this has also been chosen amongst others to garnish the dust-
cover of the volume.

The book illustrates the taxonomic difficulty of this important
family and the impressive way that the taxonomists at the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, are progressing with its treatment. It is one
of the international series of monographs on pure and applied
biology, the Botany Division of which has Dr. R. C. Rollins and
Dr. G. Taylor as general editors. |

There are remarkably few typographical errors and the paper
and binding are of good quality. Nevertheless the price is surely
very high? _ |

H.B.G.

332

INDEX-VOLUME 18

References are given

(a) Names of Authors of Papers in CAPITALS.

(b) New Taxa and Binomials in Bold Print.

(c) Taxonomic synonyms in /falics.

Antelaea Adelb., 74.

A. azadirachta (L.) Adelb., 74.
Azadirachta A. Juss., 71, 74.

A. excelsa (Jack) Jacobs, 72, 75.
A. indica A. Juss, 74.

A. integrifolia Merr., 71, 75.

Bor, N. kL. The Grasses of Burma,
etc. A review, 330.

CORNERS ©. J. H.,-1, 83.
Ceratopteris, 74.
C. pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron., 77.
C. thalictroides (L.} Brong., 77,
Ficus, 1, $3,
see also sub-index, 65-69.
generic subdivisions,
Balanotae Corner (Subseries), 86.

Calopilinae Corner (Subseries), 91.

Congestae Corner (Subseries), 93.
Conosycea (Miq.) Corner (Section),
84.

Fibrosifoliae Corner (Series), 91.

Ficus (Subgenus), 86.

Hesperidiiformes Corner (Subseries),
85.

Hispidae Corner (Subseries), 96.
Leucogyne Corner (Section), 84.
Malvanthera Corner (Section), 85.
Malvanthereae (Series), 85.
Nervosae Corner (Series), 85.
Oreosycea Miq. (Section), 85.

Palaeomorphe (King) Corner (Sub-
section), 91.

Phaeopilosae Corner (Series), 87.

333

Pharmacosycea Miq. (Subgenus), 85.
Ramentaceae Corner (Series), 86.
Rhizocladus Endl. (Section), 86.
Scabrae Mig. (Series), 89.
Sycidium Mig. (Section), 87, 89, 91.
Sycidium (Subsection), 87, 89.
Sycocarpus Miq. (Section), 91.

Sycocarpus (Subsection), 91, 93, 96,
97.

Tuberculifasciculatae Sata (Series),
91, 93, 96, 97.

Tuberculifasciculatae
97.

Urostigma Miq. (Subgenus), 84, 85.
Ficus—specific divisions,
f.

(Subseries),

'F, ampelas Burm. var hispida
Corner, 89.

ampelissima J. E. Sm., 84.

arawaensis Corner, 89.

edelfeldtii King var. bougainvillei
Corner, 85.

gul Laut. et K. Schum.,
var. eubracteata Corner, 87.

heteromeka Corner, 85.
hispidioides S. Moore, 96.

var. flavescens Corner, 96.

var. hispidioides, 96.

var. succosa Corner, 96.
imbricata Corner,

var. subcordata Corner, 89.
jaheriana Corner, 91.
macrothyrsa Corner, 97.
neobritannica Corner, 91.

novoguineensis Corner, 84.
oxymitroides Corner,

var. brevipes Corner, 86.
quercetorum Corner, 89.
subcongesta Corner, 93.

var. symmetrica Corner, 95.

F. tonsa Miq.
var. aspera Corner, 89.

var. subcordata Corner, 89.

tsiela Roxb., 84.
Goniothalamus, 98.
G. andersonii J. Sinclair, 98.

334

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Grassés of Burma, etc. by N. L. Bor.
A review, 330.

HOLTTUM, R. E., 328.
JACOBS, M., 71.
JOHNSON, ANNE, 76. y
Knema, 102.

See also Subindex, 289.
Le Doux, J. A. An obituary, 328.
Melia azedarachta L., 72, 74.
M. excelsa Jack, 71, 75.

indica (A. Juss.) Brandis, 74.
Myristicaceae, 102.
SINCLAIR, J., 98, 102.

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